Other punctuation marks

During the history, many writers, poets, linguists and typographers tried to create punctuation marks .

The Spanish language with the characteristic to use points of opening exclamation and interrogation (even signs, but reversed, is ¡ and ¿ ) which circumscribe the sentence or the sentence member aimed to the manner of the quotation marks.

The search for Ponctuation S is a true tradition. The last sign retained by the international community is the Barre obliques in the neighborhoods of 1900. But many other signs were invented and were never massively diffused.

Already the Egyptians create a small arm of scribe to say “pause”. The Tibetans use a sign for breathing in the recitation of the Mantra S.

The following inventions are more poetic, or moved by the expression of Didascalie S. Argentinian the Ricardo Güiraldes (1886-1927) proposes quite simply to replace the punctuation marks by the musical signs. That with the advantage of bringing all the possible variations of Tempo, Time of pause, Crescendo and Decrescendo. The idea was spread, but (except possibly in Latin America) no test of use in a publication took place.

The Russian constructivist El Lissitzky is made the hand with absurd but astonishing punctuations on texts of Rabelais. Fine graphic designer, one of the first of the history, it reconsiders, the time of a quatrain, the punctuation.

Most curious and old comes from the French Gerard de Vivre (16th century - it establishes a true whole of notations didascaliennes of the type “low Speech”, “acceleration”, “deceleration”, “stop”, like three graduated “pauses”. It uses simple and existing characters thus viable, like a symbol of intersection (∩). Leonard Storch, Ernst Van Haagen and Sigmund Silber patented the sign, just like for the Virgule of exclamation of 1856 of P. the Villette and the comma of interrogation.

Alcanter de Brahm for its part invented and used the Point of irony (). It was given to the honor by Agnès B. in 1997 in its periodical of art Not of irony . The French satiric weekly the Duck connected makes use regularly of it. Other authors claimed to have invented such a point, which does not give less than four C-Ws communication different for the point from irony.

It was taken again by Herve Bazin in his book Plumons the bird (1966), where the author proposes also other new punctuation marks (of the “points of intonation” according to its expression), the points of Doute (), of Certitude (), of Acclamation (), of Autorité (), Amour () and Indignation (). This last had also been employed by Raymond Queneau in his novel the Grass .

Jacques Rouxel introduces new punctuation marks at the time of a course of grammar Shadock: It is interdict to deposit anything or execution, appreciation, assertion, question marks in front of any proposal consisted a strainer after ten hours of the morning . The point of assertion takes shape in fact as a point of exclamation (of which it is indeed one of the functions). On the other hand the point of appreciation () and the point of execution () have new forms (the point of execution resembles the point of certainty of Herve Bazin, but the Christian cross symbolizes death here).

Another relatively known example is the exclarrogatif Point () of Martin K. Speckter.

The writer practical Michel Ohl the point of eases, that its editor succeeded in composing using a point of exclamation overcome of a tiny omega.

One allots to the endecasyllabist Aitor Lumieru the invention of the point of known ( punto of más ), made of two horizontally aligned points, that is to say truncated points of suspension.

Julien Blaine created a point of poetry () in its work Reprenons again the punctuation with zero (0) .

Writing the book the Punctuation or art to adapt the texts , Olivier Houdart and Sylvie Prioul invented the “point of spite interfered sadness”, represented by three vertically aligned points.

The point of humor of Joseph Delteil is also far from known. Even Jean Méron in his study In Question: typographical grammar acknowledged not of it to have found the representation.

Paul Claudel (1868-1955) is reinvent it of a pause, with its manner (a virgin space). The list of the researchers in this field also includes Clément Pansaers the dadaïste; Wax-producing Nicolas the “insane typographer” (1792-1869); Raoul Hausmann (1886-1971); Luciano Ori; Henri Pichette (1924-2000).

In typography, and particularly concerning the signs Diacritic S, the innovations amount per tens and were never so easy, materially, to create and diffuse.

The principal ones and the most dynamic authorities of creation are, in Quebec, the university of Napierville (Paul Dubé, Ignacia Aphérèse) and in France the CollRechFonPon (Collective of basic research in punctuation), created by Xavier Dandoy de Casabianca with in particular Rozenn Quéré.

Certain signs are employed only by one institution: thus the Encyclopædia Universalis delimits the debates opened by cross swords.

The development of the discussion on Internet (or cat) generated the use of the Emoticon S or smiley , which makes it possible to add the expression of a feeling to a conversation in a more recognizable way.

The XML

The need for coding in XML the intonations of the phases to reading by a computer will make it possible to code, create and print all forms of punctuations and values similar.

Source

X. Dandoy de Casabianca, the Thirteenth Sign , ED. Wind mill, 2003.

References

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