Orsan

Orsan is a common French, located in the department of the Gard and the area Languedoc-Roussillon.

Heraldic

Blazon of the commune of Orsan.

Geography

The commune of Orsan is leant with the solid masses of the plate of Lacau and the Camp of César on a territory of 690 ha bordered by Cèze with a population of 1150 inhabitants. The inhabitants of Orsan are called Orsannais and Orsannaises.

History

The etymology of the name Orsan would come either from Germanic the Orsus , or of Ursus from where Orsanum would be derived, denomination which one finds to indicate Orsan in 1310, or still name of a Latin man Ursus, from where Orsanus (1384). The legend of gold Cabre allots the name of the village to the traces left by the goat at the time of the crossing of the passage of the wolf; scraps of Golden Fleece and a little its blood were, says one, found on the rocks. The village was successively called ORSANUM (1310), ORSSANUM (1485), ORSSAN (1550), then ORSSANT (1610) and finally ORSAN as from the 17th century.

Gallo-Roman time and the Middle Ages

One of the oldest objects overdraft on the territory of the commune of Orsan is a one meter height funerary stone, with triangular pediments, a ground ballot box and various found objects with Orsan are currently exposed to the museum of Bagnols
1309 Guillaume de Laudun, coseignor of Laudun, Orsan, Codolet, Montfaucon, division its goods between its two sons, both of the name of Raymond.
1333 Raymond de Laudun, lord of Orsan.
1348 Guillaume de Laudun, lord of Orsan.
359 Raymond de Montaren lives the castle of Orsan.
1384 Orsan belongs to the diocese of Uzès, viguery and deanery of Bagnols; the priory of Saint Martin's day d' Orsan depends on the chapellenie of the Four Canons of Bagnols. The village counted at the time 6 fires, that is to say about thirty inhabitants approximately.

About these years Tuchins, peasants rebellious, attack the fields of noble in the diocese of Uzès, in particular in Bagnols and Pont-Saint-Esprit; in 1383 they devastate Laudun.

16th century

At the beginning of the 16th century, Pierre de Cambis, Chevalier, in which the family is originating in Florence, carries the title of Lord of Orsan; he marries in 1525, Francoise de Perrussis. Their descent is represented successively by:

Jean de Cambis, knight about the King, lord of Orsan, First Consul of Avignon which marries Francoise de Clérici,
Louis de Cambis, knight, lord of Orsan, Capitaine of 200 men to foot, knight about the King and that of S.S., First Consul and Viguier of Avignon, who marries Georgette of Falèche,
Jean de Cambis, knight, baron d' Orsan who marries in 1616 Marguerite de Simiane.

Wars of religion

Before the year 1568, the commune of Orsan had been declared for the party of the reformed religion. March of this year, the Viscount of Merry made it return under the obedience of the king.

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At the 17th century, the diocese of Uzès was proud of its wines of Chusclan, Orsan, Tavel, etc, whose quality approached those of the vintages of the Coasts of the Rhone.
In 1661, the priory of Orsan was plain at the community of Joséphistes de Bagnols, and consequently, the religious service was ensured by one of the members of this congregation.
In 1696, it was established a cadrastal map of the commune called " Compoix".
at the end of 1721, the plague prevailing with Alès, of medical measurements is taken in Orsan.
Of 1750 to 1792, the lord of Orsan is called Jacques, Francois, Xavier, Régis, Ignace, Viscount of Cambis, knight, marquis de Lagnes, sergeant of the armies of the king, governor of Navarre and ordering in the Cevennes. He marries in 1755 Miss de Chimay.
the 8 frimaire year III (November 29th, 1795) the inhabitants of Orsan require the division of the communal goods, in accordance with the law of June 10th, 1793. This one did not take place that the 14 frimaire year VIII (December 5th, 1800). Wood communal were distributed to the locality " République".
the 1st vendémiaire years VI and VII (September 22nd, 1798 and 1799) took place the celebration of the festival of the Republic with Roquemaure and in the communes of the canton, of which Orsan formed part then.

19th century

May 5th, 1816: blessing of the new cemetery.
1833: construction of the laundrette.
April 9th, 1855: blessing of a bell in the old church, of which certain parts were of Romance style. The godmother is Madam de Pisançon (wife of the mayor of Orsan), the godfather is Mr Baume, native of Orsan, superior of the Saint-Stanislas college in Nimes.
1863: the construction of a new church is decided, the old one being decayed and too exiguous. The new church, finished in * 1868 was devoted on October 3rd, 1886 by Mgr Besson.
At the 19th century, the population of Orsan was entirely catholic and counted 450 inhabitants roughly. Between 1820 and 1830, one could count each year approximately: 20 births, 4 marriages and 16 death.
sericiculture was important in the area and in particular in Orsan. Plantations of mulberry tree, called " Plantades" were neighborly with the vine. The product of the sale of the cocoons made it possible to the peasants to remain while waiting for other harvests (harvests, grape harvest). In 1899, the municipal council of Orsan, during one of his deliberations, expresses the wish that the customs duties on imported silk fabrics are high.
Towards the end of the 19th century, some brown-coal mines were worked on the territory of the commune. But the poor quality of fuel (it burned too quickly, did not heat and smoked much) quickly made give up these exploitations. In various places, one still finds galleries and certain plots of land kept the name of “mines”.
During the 19th century, the garance was cultivated in Orsan. The roots of this plant made it possible to obtain Alizarin, product of color red used like dyeing; but little by little this type of culture was developed more in the department of Vaucluse, which attracted Orsannais in period of harvest; in the same way, certain inhabitants of the Haute-Loire, called " gavots" left their department to come to make the harvests with Orsan.

These first shifts in population let predict the great migration associated with progressive industrialization with our area.

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

Personalities related to the commune

See too

Common of Gard

External bonds

the site of the town hall of Orsan
Orsan on the site of the national geographical Institute
Orsan on the site of INSEE
Orsan on the site of Quid
Localization of Orsan on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Orsan on Mapquest

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