Orange tree

orange tree , and more spéciquement, orange tree soft ( Citrus sinensis ) is small fruit tree of family of Rutacées (that to which all the citrus fruits belong), cultivated in the hot areas (Mediterranean countries, for example). It is a old Hybride, possibly a crossing between the Pamplemousse ( maximum Citrus ) and the Tangerine ( Citrus reticulata ). Its sweetened and edible fruits are the orange S.

Description

It is a small tree sempervirent, which can reach approximately 10 m in height, with thorny branches and sheets from 4 to 10 cm length. The orange tree is originating in the Southeast Asia, that is to say of India, the Vietnam or the south of the Popular republic of China. The fruit of the Citrus sinensis is called orange sweet to distinguish it from those of the Citrus aurantium , the bigaradier, who produces bitter oranges and of the flowers of which one draws the gasoline from néroli and the water of flower of orange tree. All the citrus fruits are regarded as bays, because they are fleshy, contain many seeds and derive from a single ovary.

Economic importance

The culture of the orange trees has a great economic importance with the the United States of America, in particular in the states of Florida and California, like in several countries the Mediterranean NS, in South Africa, China and Australia (News-Wales of the South).

Cultivars

All the citrus fruits belong to the kind Citrus and were the subject of many crossings. One can thus consider that there is only one “super species” which includes the Citronnier S, the Limettier S and the oranges. Nevertheless, of the specific names were given to each family member citrus fruits, the oranges carrying of name of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck or Citrus aurantium VAr. sinensis L.

The soft orange tree was initially cultivated with the Portugal brought China at the time of the Grandes Discoveries (from where the name Portucallo in Greek and Arabic Portukal) and then in Spain and it is now the variety of orange trees most largely cultivated in the world. The oranges have various sizes and colors according to the local conditions and comprise generally 10 Carpelle S, or districts, inside.

A single change in 1820, in the orange grove of a Monastery of the Brazil, gave rise to the orange navel , also known under the names of navel Washington, Riverside or Bahia. Only one cutting of the original tree was then transplanted with Riverside, in California, 1870, thus creating a new worldwide market. The change created a double fruit: a miniature and underdeveloped orange, resembling a human navel, is overlapping in the part external of the fruit, contrary to the Pédoncule, from where the name navel . This variety is almost always deprived of seeds and is generally larger than the other types of orange. The fruits are produced by Parthénocarpie, i.e. without Fécondation. The variety scarlet navel presents the same change diploïde. The orange of Valence or Murcie is a sweet orange used for the production of Jus of orange. It is a late fruit, and thus a popular variety when the oranges navel are not any more in season.

The blood oranges have a flesh striated with red, and the juice is often reddish.

See too

Orange tree of Osages

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