Norique

The Norique was a province of the Roman Empire. It was limited to north by the the Danube, in the west by the Rhétie, in the east by the Pannonia and in the south by the Dalmatie. It corresponds roughly to the Styrie, the Carinthie and with parts of the Bavaria and with the areas of Vienna and Salzburg.

Origin of Norique

The population seems to have consisted of Illyrien S, which was dominated by various tribes Ligures, the chiefs while being the Taurisci , named Norici (Noriques) by the Romain S according to their capital Noreia (Neumarkt current). The inhabitants were brave and quarrelsome, and occupied more breeding than of agriculture. Norique was the southern outpost of Scandinavian or the Celtic people and the starting point of their attacks on Italy. It is in connection with Norique that are evoked for the first time the Celtic invaders. Archaeological research, particularly in the cemeteries of Hallstatt, with less than 70 km of Noreia, showed that there was a protohistoric civilization flourishing. The cemeteries contained weapons and ornaments dating since the Bronze Age until the age from iron.

The country is mountainous and the ground is poor but the basement was rich in iron and provided out of raw materials the munitions factories with Pannonia, Mésie and the north of the Italy. The famous Acier noric was largely used for the armament of the Romans. It is probable that the Romans, by draining the marsh and while clearing, increased the Fertilité ground. There were also important mines of Or and salt; the plant called saliunca pushed in abundance and was used like Parfum. In -113 during the War of Cimbres, Rome was overcome by a coalition of " barbare" germano - Celtic in this area, allied in Rome.

Roman conquest

For a long time the inhabitants of Norique enjoyed independence autonomy of the trade with the Romans. In 48 av. J. - C. they took the party of Jules César in the war against Pompée. In 16 av. J. - C., being joined to the inhabitants of the Pannonia in the invasion of Histria, they were demolished by Publius Silius, proconsul d' Illyrie. Norique was then annexed, without having the organization of a Roman province, but while remaining an autonomous kingdom ( regnum Noricum ). It was under the control of an imperial procurator. It is only under the reign of Marc Antoine that legion II Pia (called thereafter Italica) was stationed in Norique, and the commander of the legion became the governor of the province. Into the neighborhoods of 40, the kingdom was entirely integrated in the Roman Empire by Claude, like imperial Province with for capital Virunum , close to Klagenfurt. Under Claude, the construction of the Roman way started crossing the collar of Brenner, passage between Norique and Italy.

Under Dioclétien, Norique was divided into Norique ripense (along the Danube) and Norique Southerner (the mountainous southern part).

The Roman colonies and principal cities were Virunum , Ovilava (Wels), Celeia (Celje), Juvavum (Salzburg) and Lauriacum. A garrison was stationed with Favianis (Mautern), to undoubtedly hold a bridge crossing the Danube at this place.

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