Norberto Ceresole

Norberto Rafael Ceresole (Buenos Aires, August 25th, 1943 - May 4th, 2003) Sociologist and Argentinian political economist. It was illustrated like one of the authors Latin-American negationnists most prolific. Posting a strong ideological proximity with Robert Faurisson (of which he declared readily the pupil and that he abundantly quoted in his writings) or Roger Garaudy (which prefaced one of its books), Norberto Ceresole was claimed of a Péronisme authoritative and “post-democratic” putting back on the triptych “caudillo-army-people”. It belonged to a clearly identifiable political mobility as being that of the revolutionary Nationalisme. Its writings, where mix worship with the chief, obsession of the liberal Démocratie, radical Antisionisme and negation of the Jewish genocide, were worth to him to be taxed with Fascisme and Antisémitisme. They less did not exert of it one significant influence on many Latin-American military executives.

Biographical elements

Born with Buenos Aires in 1943, Norberto Ceresole leaves to make its higher learning in Europe. It remains thus in Germany, France and Italy.

When the general Juan Velasco Alvarado seizes the power with the Peru (1968), Ceresole proposes its services to him. Integrated into the national System of Social mobilization ( Sistema Nacional de Movilización Social - SINAMOS), a body of the “revolutionary Government of the Armed forces” charged to implement the projects of the military junta, it works, of 1969 to 1971, under the authority of the general Edgardo Mercado Jarrín. The Peruvian government sends it near Bolivian president Juan Jose Torres, then with the Chile where he becomes the interlocutor of Salvador Allende. Its functions also enable him to meet Juan Domingo Perón and to bind friendship with the commander Manuel Piñeiro, ex-chief of the cuban intelligence services (DGI) charges some, at the time, of the Latin-American businesses with the DGI. It then becomes an intermediary between the governments Peruvian and Soviet. At the same time, it publishes a study in three volumes on the Péronisme.

With its return in Argentina, it binds to the ERP-22 (Armed revolutionary with the People - fraction of August 22nd), a scission of the guerilla trotskist ERP ( Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo ) associated to the peronist group of extreme left of the Montoneros.

During the year 1974, whereas the death squads of Jose López Rega start to be caught some with the groups of extreme left, Ceresole is exiled in Madrid. It there directs an Institute of Latin-American Studies and takes part, with the beginning of the year eighty, the development of the electoral program of the Party for the Social Democracy ( Partido para Democracia Social ) of Emilio Massera, one of the members of the military junta which had reversed Isabel Perón in March 1976. The admiral Massera was, following the example general López Rega, a former member of the Italian maconnic pseudo-cabin Propaganda Due (P2) which, dissolved in 1981, the characteristic presented to join together in its center a great number of old Fascistes. Thereafter, Ceresole also offers its councils to the general Viola, president Argentinian from March in December 1981.

Specialist in the geopolitical and strategic questions, Ceresole collaborates with the Spanish ministry for Defense and publishes, in 1984, a study in five volumes on the development of an industrial cooperative project between Spain and Argentina in the field of defense.

Partisan of an strategic alliance between the Latin America and the Soviet Union, Ceresole belongs, a time, at the Institute of Latin-American Studies of the Academy of Science of the the USSR and is named professor at the University of war of the USSR.

Of return in Argentina to the favor of the military rising of the Holy Week of 1987, Ceresole becomes the 3eminence grise of the Carapintadas of the lieutenant-colonel Aldo Rico and the colonel Mohamed Alí Seineldín. It also binds to Raúl de Sagastizabal, chief of the special unit Albatros , with which it founds, in 1994, the Center of Argentinas Studies in the world ( Centro of Estudios Argentina in el Mundo ).

When in July 1994 occurs the attack aiming at mutual Association Argentinian Jew (AMIA), Ceresole contacts the Iranian government before going in Iran and to the Lebanon where it ties bonds with the Hezbollah, movement to which it devotes a work published in Spain.

It is by the means of the Carapintadas that Ceresole meets, at the winter 1994, the future president Venezuelan Hugo Chávez. Carapintadas were in contact with several of the members of MBR-200 (created by Chávez in 1983) having taken share with the coup attempt of State of February 4th, 1992 in Venezuela. Ceresole goes to Venezuela where he becomes the adviser of close relations of colonel Chávez such as Manuel Quijada and Luis Davila. Decree on June 15th, 1995 by the intelligence services Venezuelans ( General Dirección Sectorial of los Servicios de Inteligencia there Prevención - DISIP), it is expelled of the country for its bonds with the Hezbollah, the Carapintadas and Hugo Chávez, then pet peeve of the president Caldera.

The election of Chávez (1998) enables him to return to Venezuela, this time in the capacity as advising in the presidential entourage. Because of the embarrassment created by its presence in Venezuela, Ceresole, become awkward, “is requested” to leave the country in March 1999 again. The Minister of Interior Department Venezuelan, Luis Miquilena, will declare that Ceresole left Venezuela voluntarily, which will contradict Ceresole, asserting that its departure was imposed to him under the threat by the director of the DISIP, Jesús Urdaneta, and realizing the payment of a sum of 10.000 dollars.

On its return in Argentinian, Ceresole advises the former president Carlos Menem then is put at the service of the peronist Adolfo Rodríguez Saá. He also collaborates with the MSR ( Movimiento Social Republicano ) Spanish, a Red-brown party preaching an ideology “main road-revolutionist”. Lastly, he works again with the colonel Aldo Rico, whom he advises in his countryside to become governor of the province of Buenos Aires. In May 2003, he dies in the Argentinian capital, victim of an heart attack.

Anti-semitism and negationnism

Norberto Ceresole acquired one will have important thanks to the diffusion of its texts on Internet. “In France, at the time of its disappearance, in fact thus the networks negationnists of the Old crone will echo its death on Internet” .

According to the French political economist Jean-Yves Camus, the originality of Ceresole is due so that “it acquired, because of its engagement Venezuelan, an audience which supports the dissemination of the theses negationnists in the medium Altermondialiste” .

Following the example Roger Garaudy, Norberto Ceresole believed that the genocide of the Jews by the Nazis is only one myth worked by a Jewish Lobby omnipotent of which the goal would be to justify the spoliation of the Palestine by Israel and to make feel guilty the Western countries in order to extort money to them. The titles of its books are in this respect eloquent: Jewish fundamentalist Terrorism, new scenarios of conflicts (1996), National-Judaism, a messianism post-Zionist (1997); Spain and Jews: expulsion, Enquiry, Holocaust, 1492-1997 (1997); the Falsification of reality: Argentina in the geopolitical space of Jewish terrorism (1998); the Conquest of the American Empire: Jewish capacity in Occident and the East (1998) or the Jewish Question in South America (2003).

In its Open letter with my Iranian friends , Ceresole tries to show that there is a parallel between the faith Chiite and “the traditional Catholicisme pre-concilaire” (i.e former to the Concile of the Vatican II), both théologiquement irreconcilable with the Judaïsme. He considers that since the Islamic revolution, Iran became “the center of resistance to the Jewish aggression” . He also affirms that the attack perpetrated against the Jewish community of Buenos Aires in 1994 and allotted to the Hezbollah and the government Iran IEN, would have in fact financed by the Mossad with an aim “of internationalizing the conflict against Iran” .

At the end of its first expulsion, Ceresole shows the Mossad to have captured it and tortured. Later, he shows the captain Francisco Scilingo, one of of torture repented the University of Mechanics of the Navy, to belong to a “handling Jewish” against the Argentinas armed forces. He also sees behind the Mères of the Place of May (movement which fights the impunity of the soldiers implied in the Guerre salts) “the avant-garde of the action of the State of Israel of the Israeli information, in Latin America” .

In part of its book Caudillo, Ejército, Pueblo: ordering Venezuela LED Chávez (1999), entitled “the Jewish question and the State of Israel”, Ceresole draws aside the critics presenting it like an ideologist of Extrême right-hand side while excipant of its past of militant of extreme left. He writes that “is, of course, neither anti-semite nor Nazi” , that “is only one critical of the State of Israel and the international Jewish organizations, to which he devoted his last books” , and that “regards as belonging to a new revisionism whose objective is to show that a big part of the account of the deportation and death of the Jews under the system Nazi were arranged in the form of myth” . He shows then the Jewish community vénézuélienne and the State of Israel to have been at the origin of his expulsion of the Venezuela.

April 19th, 2000, the Argentinian daily newspaper Nación informs that the Chilean government prohibited the visit of Ceresole and representatives of the Argentinian paramilitary group Cóndor with the Congress néonazi of Santiago.

December 13rd, 2000, the team Nizkor (member of the Serpaj Europa, Derechos Human Rights and of the Global Internet Liberty Campaign ), which denounces the racist acts and xenophobes in the universities, reports that one month before, on November 15th, 2000, Ceresole would have held of the remarks anti-semites with the Faculty of the Economic scenes of the Complutesse University of Madrid at the time of a conference organized by the group néonazi Nuevo Cauce .

Bonds between Ceresole and Chávez

When in January 2006, Chávez was shown of anti-semitism by the Center Simon Wiesenthal, the French daily newspaper Libération revealed the bonds of the president Venezuelan with Norberto Ceresole. According to the newspaper, “advised Chávez and watered works of Norberto Ceresole a long time” .

See also: Hugo Chávez#Affaire of sound antisémitime supposed

According to the journalist and editor Marc Saint-Upéry, “in the years 1990, Chávez was let allure by the exacerbated anti-impérialiste nationalism of Norberto Ceresole, an ideologist Argentinian anti-semite and close to the soldiers of extreme right-hand side “ carapintadas ”. Undoubtedly wearied ideological escapades of its adviser, Chávez ends up expelling it of Venezuela in 1999” .

For the political economist Jean-Yves Camus, Ceresole never formed part of the “first circle” of the advisers of Hugo Chávez.

The vice-president Jose Vicente Rangel denied that Ceresole ever had the least ideological influence on the government Venezuelan. However, in 2000, Ceresole declared that “was deeply proud that the intelligence services Venezuelans were restructured according to the guiding lines which had proposed at the time” . However, if he recommended, in a letter with the historian Jorge Olavarría (published later in the magazine Venezuelan Primicia ), the creation of a strategic Information service whose financing could fall to the Hezbollah, like its office in Madrid, it proves that such a structure forever considering the day. Moreover, in one of its last work on Venezuela presented at the time of the 74ème meeting of the organization of extreme right-hand side Patria Argentina , Ceresole wrote: “Chávez included/understood forever the direction of my fight. In last times my presence in Venezuela, it prevented that I say it to him one-to-one. Obnubilated by its ideological imaginations, Chávez completely was mistaken in strategic way. An erroneous way is a way without return” .

In a book of maintenance published in 1998, Hugo Chávez refers fast to the “ideas of Norberto Ceresole” on the political integration of the Latin-American continent.

In the introductory chapter of its book Caudillo, Ejército, Pueblo , Ceresole evokes “old friendship with the commander Chávez” .

May 21st, 2006, during its weekly emission Aló President , president Chávez confirmed his bonds with Ceresole. He remembered him like “a large friend” and like “a sizeable intellectual” ( “a intelectual of respeto” ).

Conversations with Ernst Nolte

“Conversaciones idiot Ernst Nolte” is a passage of chapter 7 (heading “the myth of the Holocaust and Western conscience”) of Falsificación of the realidad . Ceresole explains there why it met the German historian in June 1997 to discuss its theses with him. Although Ceresole is presented in certain obituaries relating to it like a “friendly” of Ernst Nolte, it appears that the relations between the two men were limited to this meeting.

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