Neuchâtel

See also: Neuchâtel (homonymy)

Neuchâtel is a town of Suisse, chief town of the Canton of Neuchâtel and District of Neuchâtel.

Located at the edge of the Neuchâtel Lake, on the southern side of the Massive of the Jura, it faces the chain of the the Alps. It was one of the organizing cities of Expo.02.

History

The history of the town of Neuchâtel merges of good part with that of the Canton of Neuchâtel. The town of Neuchâtel being established at the edge of the lake, it knew passage since deepest prehistory. The city will be the principal decisional center of the canton as of the unification with Valangin (approximately 1575), and this until the industrialization of the communes Top at the end of the 18th century. The revolution of 1848 will leave the Top to finish with the castle of Neuchâtel.

Historical events

One knows few Roman traces downtown of Neuchâtel, except for Vy d' Etra which skirts the lake on the side of the Jura
Counts of Neuchâtel
  • 1011 First mention of Neuchâtel
  • 1034 Neuchâtel is besieged by Eudes of Champagne
  • 1200 (ev.) Construction of the Romance part of collegial and the castle
  • 1400 Disorders in the county of Neuchâtel fomented by the city
  • 1450 Sets fire to
Family of Orleans-Longueville
  • 1458 Rodolphe de Hochberg succeeds Jean of Freiburg
  • 1504 Louis d' Orléan marries Jeanne de Hochberg and becomes count de Neuchâtel
  • 1540 Guillaume Farel settles in Neuchâtel and convert the area
  • 1579 a rising of Seyon destroys the Town hall and disperses his files
  • 1707 Décès without direct heirs to Marie de Nemours, born from Longueville

Kings de Prusse
  • 1707 the canton becomes Prussian, the castle becomes the local headquarter of Frederic Ier of Prussia
  • 1714 Incendie
  • 1806 Neuchâtel is briefly entrusted by Napoleon to the Maréchal Berthier

Swiss canton
  • 1814 Neuchâtel enters the confederation with Geneva and Valais
  • 1815 Neuchâtel signs the federal pact, while remaining property of the king de Prusse
  • 1829 Sabotage of the bracket of Neuchâtel
  • 1848 Arrivée of the revolutionists at the castle, declaration of the republic

Development of public transport

First public means of transport " industriel" to develop in Neuchâtel is the navigation which competes with diligences on the edges of the lake as of the second quarter of the 19th century.

The railway lines open at the same time as in the remainder of the French-speaking Switzerland. They are quickly supplemented by regional lines in spite of the strong declivity of the city.

Boat
  • prehistoric remainders of large boats used to transport materials and passengers
  • 1826 - 1828 Union, first steamer of public transport of the lake
  • 1834 - 1851 the Industrialist, financed by Philippe Suchard
  • navigation becomes primarily tourist when the railway lines open: 1860 on the Bienne-Yverdon line, 1902 on the line Neuchâtel-Morat

Train
  • 1859 - Neuchâtel - Yverdon
  • 1860 - Neuchâtel - Pontarlier
  • 1860 - Neuchâtel - La Chaux-de-Fonds
  • 1860 - Neuchâtel - Bienne
  • 1901 - Neuchâtel - Bern

Regional train - Tram - Funicular
Except for the line towards Boudry (train) the other lines of tram are with horse until approximately 1897 when the city is electrified.
  • 1890 - Funicular the Lock - Plan
  • 1892 - 1953 Funicular of Serrières, not replaced
  • 1892 Boudry Train - Neuchâtel - Station (- 1964), replaced by a tram (1902 -) and a trolley bus
  • 1894 - 1957 Neuchâtel - St-Blaise, replaced by a trolley bus
  • 1899 - 1940 Neuchâtel - Serrières, replaced by a trolley bus
  • 1901 - 1949 Neuchâtel - Valangin, replaced by a line of bus
  • 1901 - 1976 Neuchâtel - Corcelles, replaced by a line of trolley bus
  • 1910 - 1964 Neuchâtel - To sew It, replaced by a line of trolley bus
  • 1910 - Funicular of To sew It - Chaumont
  • 2001 - Funicular University - Station (open for Expo.02, called Fun' ambule)

Geography

The town of Neuchâtel was initially built on the hill cut out and protected by Seyon, then it started to extend on the north-eastern bank from the river.

The current aspect of the city east sutout marked by the evolution of the means of transport, by the roads which were initially on the sides of the hills (the old city is on a hill which was cut out by the river of Seyon) then on the edges of the lake when the level of the lake was lowered at the time of the Correction of water of the Jura, by the train since 1859, then again by the roads when the highway of the foot of the Jura is open in 1990 and crosses the city in basement, releasing the traffic area in transit. The city initially gains ground on the lake by using the alluvia of Seyon (year millet - 1850) to build the district connecting the Pury place to the current port in the south of the Street of the Place of Weapon, during the corrections of the lake (surface between the Suburb of the Lake and the Avenue of the First Mars), then at the time of érasement of the hill of the Hillock for the way of railroad (districts in the south of the Avenue of the First Mars), and finally material left highway tunnels (area of the swimming pool in the south of the Road of Cliffs).

Culture

Monuments

  • the Collegial one of Neuchâtel is built at the 12th century and it is the witness of the passage to the Reform in 1530. It shelters the tomb of the counts de Neuchâtel, polychrome monument of the end of the Middle Ages made up of 15 statues life size representing the counts and their wives.

  • the Château of Neuchâtel shelters the Council of State today.

  • the Tower of the prisons is built on bases of before the year millet. It is modified on several occasions, being used temporarily as western door of the city before the opening of the road of Évole.

Museums

  • the Museum of art and history & Automates Jaquet-Droz offers to its visitors more than twenty showrooms permanent or temporary and present of the collections of art neuchâtelois, Switzerland and French of which Automate S Jaquet-Droz or three Androïde S dating from the 18th century.

  • the Muséum of natural history presents a permanent exposure of the Mammifères and Oiseaux of Switzerland in their medium (dioramas wired for sound for the birds).

  • the Musée of ethnography of Neuchâtel presents permanent exposures on the old Egypt, the the Himalayas (collections of the Bhutan and the Tibet), the Cabinet of Natural history of the XVIIIe century of the general Charles Daniel de Meuron and the Cabinet of the Curiosité S of the XXe century.

  • the Center Dürrenmatt Neuchâtel drawn by Mario Botta, it includes/understands a space of exposure reserved to the Littérature and visual arts. Institution dependant on the Swiss National library and the federal Office of the culture, it organizes there conferences, debates as well as concerts of Modern music.

Festivals

Economy

http://www.ne.ch/neat/site/jsp/rubrique/rubrique.jsp?StyleType=bleu&CatId=4942

Industry

Famous for its clock making industry, Neuchâtel succeeded in becoming the center of the microtechnology and industry high-tech. Since the Years 1990, the area of Neuchâtel attracted many companies with the point of sectors of high technology, such as medical technology, the microtechnology, biotechnology, the machines and the equipment, technologies information and the clean technologies.

Administrations

  • federal Office of the statistics

Higher education and research

Personalities

Tourism

  • Visit of city in the tourist train
  • Guided visit of the Castle
  • historical Models of the town of Neuchâtel
    • With the “Galleries of the history”, antenna of the Museum of art and history. “To imagine the City: historical models of Neuchâtel”.

  • Neuchâtel belongs to the country of the precision .

    • Watch Valley is a new tourist destination which uses the set of themes of the clock industry to be different from the other Swiss areas.
    • It is a stage city of the “Road of the Clock industry” which of Geneva, through the Swiss Jura leads us to Basle
    • Etape neuchâteloise:
      • Museum of art and history
      • Automats Jaquet-Droz
  • the two hotels five-stars of the Jurassic Arc:
    • Beautiful-Shore
    • Palafitte

Sport

Twinning

Denomination

  • In Arpitan, Neuchâtel is written Nœchâtél (in tight ORB) or Nôchâtél (in broad ORB), and decides locally (Ntchatí).
  • In German, Neuchâtel is called Neuenburg , literal translation of new castle .

Photograph gallery


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