Nancy is a French city of the area Lorraine, prefecture of the department of the Meurthe-et-Moselle. Its inhabitants is called the Nancéiens ( Nancéiennes ). One meets sometimes the alternative Nancéens .
Nancy is located in the North-East of the France, between several hills forming of the small timbered plates, in a half-basin without opening to the west towards Paris. This basin is crossed by various rivers which do not occupy a central position in the city since the Meurthe mark the border is commune. This river is not arranged for the river transport and only the Canal of the Marne in the Rhine (with the Gabarit Freycinet) which is parallel for him on thirty kilometers allows a river traffic of small tonnage. The Nancy rivers tend today to become again of the gravitational elements to which the city (e.g. turns: water garden drawn by Alexandre Chemetoff).
Nancy had a poor geographical defensive value because of its situation in “basin”. Frouard (which had a castle besides), with its position at the point of junction, or Saint-Nicolas-of-Port for example, would undoubtedly have been of the strategic geographical choices for place-strong; but during the creation of the city, the site of Nancy was a plain in the middle of the Duché of Lorraine allowing a not very constraining urban development for a capital.
Beauregard, Boudonville, Buthégnemont, Haussonville, High-of-Hare, Saint Nicolas's Daies, Midsummer's Day, Saurupt, Three-Houses all are of the localities and old suburbs out-the-walls integrated into the city progressively of its growth and its history. The city develops from now on in the East, in the district known as of Banks of Meurthe, between Meurthe and the channel of the Marne in the Rhine.
The communes bordering on the town of Nancy are gathered in Urban community of Large Nancy, which counts close to: 270.000 inhabitants of the first crown nancéienne.
Eight cities have a common limit with Nancy. With: 35000 inhabitants, Vandœuvre-the-Nancy is the second most populated commune Meurthe-et-Moselle and thus the second pole of the agglomeration. Come then Laxou (: 15898 inhabitants) and Villers-the-Nancy (: 15700 inhabitants), then Saint-max, Malzéville, Maxéville, Tomblaine and Jarville-la-Malgrange.
The continuous agglomeration and densément being densément populated, the communes of the Urban community of Large Nancy are regarded as forming quasi-integral part of the city; communes considered as remote suburbs being generally those not having integrated the Urban community. With: 331000 inhabitants, the urban Unité of Nancy is the first of Lorraine and 15th of France. The urban surface of Nancy, more extended, account: 411000 inhabitants.
Nancy is the old capital of the Duché of Lorraine.
Although many prehistoric sites were discovered on the plates surrounding the city, the historic site of the city does not seem to have been really occupied before the time mérovingienne, towards the end of the 7th century. One mentions just the existence of a ford on Meurthe at the 8th century.
Another hard copy dated April 29th 1073 (mention in the charter of Pibon, bishop of Toul: “Olry, dedicated of Nancy” (“ Odelrici advocati of Nanceio ”).
Nancy is the seat of one évêché since 1778 corresponding to the transfer of that of Toul. The city also has a Court of Appeal.
In August 1790, the city was the object of a military revolt repressed severely by the troops of the marquis de Bouillé: the regiment of the hussards of Lauzun charged in the streets with the city. This event, known under the name " of business of Nancy" , was the principal episode of the revolutionary period in Nancy.
Town of Iron and steel industry since the Years 1880, Nancy was also dreamed coal downtown with the any end of the 19th century. The project, due to the impulse of ironmaster (Riding, De Lespinats, De Saintignon, Unpleasant…), of mining engineers, of local bankers and business men, will remain however uncompleted.
Around 1900, it is of Nancy that share, in France, the movement of the Art nouveau with in particular the École of Nancy whose leaders are Emile Galle, Antonin Daum, Louis Majorelle, Victor Prouvé and Eugene Vallin.
During the First World War, the city was threatened at the time of the Bataille of Large Crowned. It then underwent bombardments by planes and zeppelins and also the shootings of the “Large max”: a battery of 380 mm models SKL/45 installed 35 away km, in the village of Hampont in the Moselle annexed. These bombardments made large property damages and caused the death of 177 people.
At the time of the Second world war, the Libération of Nancy of the German occupation was carried out by the third American army during the countryside of Lorraine in September 1944.
Majority of the dukes of Lorraine whose François {{III}} of Lorraine (1708 - 1765), which will become Empereur of the Romans under the name of François 1st, was born in Nancy. This one will give rise to the family of Habsbourg-Lorraine. Just like Antoine Drouot (1774 - 1847), general of Napoleon, called “the Wise one of the Large army”, or the marshal Lyautey (1854 - 1934). Léopold Sigisbert Hugo (1773-1828) general of Empire and father of Victor Hugo. One can also quote Virginia Mauvais (1797 - 1892), teacher, officer of the State education, known as senior of the State education.
The city also saw being born a certain number of artistic personalities:
Among the most known scientists, the mathematicians Henri Cartan (1904 -) and Henri Poincaré (1854 - 1912) and the biologist François Jacob (born in 1920), Nobel Prize of medicine in 1965, are key figures. One can also quote Rene Blondlot (1849 - 1930), the author of one of the greatest errors of the 20th century in experimental physics with the Rayons NR, but which completed other famous scientific work.
As regards the sportsmen, one finds Jean-Louis Schlesser (1948 -), victorious of the Rallye Dakar in 1999 and 2000, or Olivier Rouyer French international footballer.
the architect Richard Mique, in particular known to have made the Hamlet of the Queen to Versailles
friends of your wife, French musical group;
The town of Nancy carries like armorial bearings: “money to the stem of thistle torn off from sinople, flowered of crimson, charged with two prickly sheets to the naturalness; with the chief cut of one and party of three: with the fascé first of money and mouths of eight parts, with the second of sown azure of flowers of gold lily broken as a chief of a lambel of mouths, with the money third to gold the potencée cross confined of four small crosses of same, to the gold fourth with four stakes of mouths, to the fifth of sown azure of flowers of gold lily to the bent edge of mouths, the sixth of azure to the gold lion circumvented to the tail fourchue, armed, lampassé and crowned mouths, with the gold seventh to the sand lion armed and lampassé of mouths, to the eighth of sown azure of small crosses recroisetées with the foot card-indexed of gold to the two bars leant of same stitching on the whole, on the gold whole to the band of mouths charged with three let us alérions of money ”.
The Thistle, as well as the currency which refers to it, “ not inultus premor ” (literally “one does not touch me with impunity”, and less literally “who rubs there pricks there”), is an allusion to the defeat of Charles Bold the with the Bataille of Nancy in 1477.
The chief represents the armorial bearings of the dukes of Lorraine starting from 1538. One finds from left to right there and from top to bottom, the weapons of the kingdoms of Hungary, of Naples, Jerusalem and Aragon, and the duchies of Anjou, Gueldre, Juliers and Bar. In the center the blazon of Lorraine was affixed.
The city, small and densément populated (1 501 ha, 6 902 inhabitants with the km ²), for a long time developed in continuous agglomeration with the common neighbors, the center which cannot more develop more.
Common of Nancy: : 110000 inhabitants in 2007.
Nancy is Strasbourg, the 2nd metropolis of Large Is French (Alsace, Lorraine, Franche-Comté, Burgundy, Champagne) and--> the 5th university town French in term of density coed.
The commune of Nancy is regarded as the first urban Unité of Lorraine and the 13th French metropolis; however the definition of a large Lorraine metropolis along the Lorrain furrow is considered more and more, thus determining the first metropolis of large-Is French with more than one million inhabitants divided of Nancy with Thionville via Metz.
After 1962, the population of the commune declines quickly, but it is more one phenomenon of urban spreading out which a true decline. Because in parallel, the population of the agglomeration does not cease increasing, passing from: 270000 inhabitants in 1962 with: 330000 in 1999. The development of the car and the rise in the standard of living of the inhabitants, who seek a vaster habitat, explain this devolution partly. Since ten years, the city endeavors to impel a program of housing on rare spaces available, which explains the light demographic recovery.
In 1999, Nancy was regarded by INSEE as centers natural:
With more: 20000 companies, the economic fabric is primarily composed of SME - SME without one being able to really speak about industrial sector dominating. It thus was relatively preserved crises of the textile, mining industry and iron and steel industry which successively touched the area.
The Zone of employment gathers a total of: 168000 employment (the most important zone of use of Lorraine) and posts a percentage of stable jobs among highest by allowing 88% credits resident to find their employment on the spot.
With: 13000 higher metropolitan employment, Nancy is classified with the 14th rank of the French urban surfaces. It appears positioned particularly well on the fields of information, research and telecommunications.
Mayors of the 20th century:
Twinning with the city of the Pirée in Greece was abandoned due to stop of the common relations.
Nancy is also the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Meurthe-et-Moselle which manages the port of Frouard as well as Regional court of trade and industry of Lorraine.
Nancy is the principal pole of health of North East of France with CHRU (University hospital) installed on the site of Brabois, the Central Hospital in the center of the city as well as regional maternity. The city as well as the agglomeration have many private clinics.
The city also shelters the daily newspaper " Is Republican " , which belongs to the group EBRA in the past " Group Is Républicain" who is the first press group daily regional Frenchwoman.
The technopolis of Nancy-Brabois located on the commune of Vandœuvre is one of most important country and one of the 3 first arranged with those of Sophia Antipolis (Nice) and Meylan (Grenoble).
In 2007
Nancy, classified Town of art and history, has vast a Secteur safeguarded of 150 hectares which correspond to the historical center of the city. Three places (Stanislas, of the career and of alliance ) are classified world heritage of UNESCO since 1983.
Relatively preserved by the centuries, the various districts always have an architecture and a characteristic environment as well as the surrounding suburbs.
Oldest constructions of the city, date from the Early middle ages. The Tour of Saint-Jean-of-Old-Aître Commanderie dating from the 12th century is the visible building oldest of the city.
First built site of the city, one can contemplate still there some vestiges of the old fortifications which surrounded the medieval city, of which the Porte of the Intrusive vein dating from the 14th century. The palate Ducal is a building of the 16th century. With its portery, typical of the Gothic style blazing, it shelters the Lorraine historical museum today.
Being next to the palate, the church of Cordeliers contains the tombs of the dukes of Lorraine.
The city-old woman also preserves many buildings rebirth (Hôtel of Lillebonne, Hôtel of Haussonville…) like some traditional hotels (Hotel Ferraris, Hotel of the Wolves…).
It is necessary also to quote the Saint-Epvre place, in the center of the district that the basilica of the same name dominates.
The districts built under Charles constitute the new city of Nancy. At the request of the duke, the Italian Girolamo Citoni trace of the broad and right streets on a checkerboard plan in vogue at the time for the new cities, except the street Saint Nicolas's Day (old suburb) which keeps its preexistent layout. Fortifications (Saint Nicolas's Day carries, carries Saint-Georges and Midsummer's Day) protect this new city, which does not state that by one esplanade with the " old woman ville" with the irregular layout.
The duke Léopold undertakes the rebuilding of its capital after the destruction of the Guerre Thirty Year old. It begins construction from the Primatiale (future cathedral), and creates the " Léopold" course; in prolongation of the place of Strike; the long prospect, planted chestnut trees (to XIXe S.?), will be closed at the end of XVIIIe by the relates of Stainville to the road of Metz. In spite of the mixture of the architectural styles over three centuries, the course preserves its original ordinance today calms and majestic.
Many private mansions are built in the city, as well as civil buildings, in a style which tries to compare the new traditional designs to a Renaissance tradition.
Become duke of Lorraine, king Stanislas wants to modernize his capital: it with the brilliant idea to connect the medieval old city to the " city-neuve" of Charles III by a system of urban places, by marking the transition by a triumphal arch. This unit, consisted the Royal place (Place Stanislas) and the Place of the Career, articulated by the triumphal arch (Héré carries), combines with grace of the majestic buildings and famous gold the doors of the metal worker Jean Lamour. Town hall, palates of the Intendance (palate of the Government), private mansions of the nobility make the size of it; the Place of Alliance supplements this device by a public garden plus intimist. The Stanislas place gives also access to the park of the Seedbed created by Stanislas, of a surface of 23 ha in full downtown area, with its gardens with English.
This whole of the 18th century is classified with the world heritage UNESCO. After restoration, the Stanislas place celebrates his 250 years in 2005.
The city is also avoided the same time of many built private mansions, inter alia, by Germain Boffrand and its Lorraine pupil Emmanuel Héré, the architect of Stanislas.
More generally the School of Nancy left many buildings civil in the historical center (Chamber of commerce, BNP, canopy of the Crédit Lyonnais) or deprived preserved (park of Saurupt, and distributed in all the city: workshops of Emile Galle and Eugene Vallin, Real France-Lanord, Bergeret house, Huot houses…).
The High-of-Hare is as for him a district representative of the architecture of the post-war period. One can find in particular there what was the longest rectilinear building of France, conceived by the architect Bernard Zehrfuss.
At the end Is district draws up the panoramic tower which counts more than 30 stages and measurement more than 100 meters in height, it is highest real of Lorraine.
With hillside, under High-of-Hare, another witness of the architecture of the 20th century is, the house of the architect Jean Prouvé.
In the years 1960 to 1980, the town of Nancy carried out important urban renovations and sometimes very décriées. The Saint-Sebastien district was initially set up on old slums, it is composed of several turns of surroundings 15 on 20 floors and vast shopping mall.
But it is the district of the station which knew the most spectacular operation with construction in 1975 of the Tour Thiers which culminates to a hundred meters of altitude. This tower was the object of critical sharp because it is next to buildings dating from the time Art nouveau and that it stops the prospect towards the West since the Place Stanislas.
The districts Cross of Burgundy and Saint Leon in the West of the station are the last operations of town planning of great widths which took place in the hypercentre city.
Since the middle of the years 1990, the Urban community of Large Nancy engaged in vast and progressive rehabilitation of banks of Meurthe in the East of the city. Nearly 400 hectares are concerned in one of largest building sites than knew Nancy, the objectives are multiple, to exploit the little of place still available on the territory of the city, to extend the center town and to reconquer the banks of Meurthe put well off Nancy up to now.
The district of the Gare of Nancy is also engaged since 2005 in an operation of town planning of which the goal is to embellish this district, there to build office buildings as well as new a palate of the congress including the rehabilitation of old the postal sorting office, labelized inheritance of the .
It should be noted that the French revolution saw the sale or destruction of many churches of the city.
Municipal files (including urban models) and secondary roads.
As a city of the Great Area, Nancy takes part in the program of the Européenne year of the Capitale of the Culture 2007 .
In 2006, Nancy was elected " the most pleasant city of France" by the magazine Nouvel Observateur.
the national Opera-Theater of Nancy and Lorraine;
Biennial international of the image
national choreographic Center of Lorraine ( Ballet of Lorraine , direction Didier Deschamps);
See also: Amorce=Voir the category, : Category: Sport in Nancy, Sport in Nancy
ACE founded Nancy-Lorraine in 1967;
The bergamot, small yellow rectangular candy, is a well-known speciality nancéienne. In the beginning doubtful joke of a pastrycook who scented a candy with the Eau de Cologne, it since is directly carried out starting from gasolines of Bergamote. This component of eau de Cologne is a fruit close to lemon. It is originating in Sicily, which was then possession of the duke of Lorraine Rene {{Ier}}.
One can also quote: the Lorraine Quiche, the baba (invented by the duke of Lorraine Stanislas Leszczyński), the Lorraine pie, the Mirabelle plum and the Macaroon S, produced since the 17th century, although the towns of Toul and Boulay also produce this speciality since the 19th century.
Since the restorations of the Place Stanislas and Old city of Nancy carried out between 2004 and 2007, one witnesses a concentration of establishments around the district of the Stanislas place and along the lanes of the old city.
Moreover, the festivals coeds rythment life of the city (Night Coed, 24 hours of Stan, Gala of several faculties (Surgery-Dental, Droit, Médecine, Pharmacie…), Aquacité…).
The Aéroport Metz-Nancy-Lorraine is common to both metropolises, just as the station Lorraine TGV in service since June 10th, 2007 and located in the vicinity. In addition Nancy also has airport in its outskirts of the city: the Airport of Nancy - Essey with Tomblaine. The number of movements is more important there than in Metz-Nancy-Lorraine, but the planes of size much more modest, they are private aircrafts.
At only two hours of road of the Belgium, one hour and half of the Luxembourg and Germany, it has also an interesting opening on the international one. Its economy is inter-connected more and more with his/her sister twins Metz located at only forty minutes of highway. The highway A31 thus is frequently saturated, this is why the regional rail network Métrolor was redesigned recently to improve displacements between the two cities (regional tariffing at reduced price, 46 trains per return tickets day between Nancy and Metz (of which the majority also connect Luxembourg), new air-conditioned oars on two levels. This railway axis extremely continues in the south in direction of Lunéville with 36 trains per return tickets day. Between Nancy and Luxembourg and Nancy and Lunéville, the travellers can count on average on a train all the fifteen minutes in rush hour.
Recently, tariffing is the same one in all the Urban community of Large Nancy without reference to the means of transport, for example Nancy-Jarville thus returns at the same price in train and the urban bus. The rail traffic périurbain is in very strong increase and is based on a score of stations around Nancy. The SNCF and the urban community still wish to develop it.
With nearly 6 million annual travellers, the Gare of Nancy is most important of the Lorraine area.
In 1852, a railway line puts Paris at eight hours of Nancy, against thirty to forty hours of diligence. To the opening of LGV Is European, the trains put nearly three hours to carry out the connection; today Nancy is at one hour and half of Paris.
Nancy is in the middle of a river node: to the confluence of the Moselle and Meurthe, the city is crossed by the channel of the Marne in the Rhine, connected to the channel of the East.
See also: Service of transport of the agglomeration nancéienne, Tram of Nancy
The Tramway of Nancy is " on tire with guidance central". After a putting into difficult circulation because of many breakdowns and some incidents, it seems today to answer satisfactorily at the request of displacements within the agglomeration. The incidents which touched the tram of Nancy are especially related to the central roller. That Ci is charged to guide the vehicle like does it a true tram but this roller too often left its guide rail. Moreover even if it is made reliable today there exist always constraints on the level of the tracks of bearing. Indeed because of the repetitive passages to the same place, the tires of the vehicle dig a furrow and deform fitted. To note that these oars can circulate like a Trolleybus. The choice of the town of Nancy is explained by financial reasons. The city found too expensive the realization of a " vrai" Tram and turned to the vehicle proposed by Bombardier. It should be noted that after the failures of Caen and Nancy Bombardier does not propose any more its tyred tram with its catalog. The oars circulate between 4:50 and 00:30 in week, until 1:30 saturdays evenings.
With a Transport document called “PASS'”, it is possible to use the lines of drunk Tramway and and part of the Network FOR THE THIRD TIME, within the limits of the Urban community of Large Nancy, the latter putting in priority the accessibility of the people at reduced mobility.
Nancy is also served by the FOR THE THIRD TIME - Métrolor (regional trains of Lorraine).
The Lorraine area and the Lorraine Furrow (grouping of the agglomerations of Thionville, Metz, Nancy and Épinal under the same entity, representing close to: 900000 inhabitants along the the Moselle) think of the installation of a common smart card, left Transport ticket, giving access to the joint grid systems of the four cities but also to the museums, with the various activities. A first version of this chart, in the name of Simplicities, will be born during the first quarter 2007. Initially, it will be valid for the subscriptions work and studying FOR THE THIRD TIME Metrolor. Thereafter, it is actually intended to be compatible with the joint grid systems of the agglomerations of the Lorraine Furrow.
Lastly, of the subscriptions (chart Jonquil) allow to circulate in the train inside Lorraine, also with the Luxembourg and in the Saar (Germany) (partnership Sar-Lor-Lux) and to use the grid systems (drunk, tram, tram-train) of Nancy, Metz, Luxembourg or Saarbrucken. Future the Simplicités chart will unify most of these various partnerships. Other titles also give connections towards Strasbourg and access to its urban network (drunk, tram).
The university past of Nancy goes back to the 18th century, under the reign of Stanislas.
Between 1871 and 1918, Nancy was the only big city of the North-East to remain French. Its university then accommodated several establishments located before at Metz or Strasbourg. It is in this context that Of Strasbourg the Hippolyte Bernheim joined Auguste-Ambroise Liébeault at the medical college of Nancy. They will be the two pillars of the hypnologic School of Nancy . They will be opposed in particular to Jean-Martin Charcot which regarded the Hypnose as pathological. Their work still influences many psychiatrists. It is as in this context as Albin Haller makes his studies, then its searchs of pharmacy and chemistry which will lead it to the foundation and the creation of the chemical Institute of Nancy, then to the presidency of the Academy of Science.
It is in Nancy that the chemist Victor Grignard undertakes his research which will lead it to the Nobel Prize of chemistry in 1912 and to Nancy that Jean Delsarte founds the Association Bourbaki and where many “bourbakists” teach in the years 1950.
European university pole since 1993, the city forms approximately: 45000 students each year and the technological pole (Nancy-Brabois), one of the very first of France, gathers some 1500 researchers (more than 3000 researchers on the whole of the agglomeration). Nancy is a city very coed (close to 40 % of the population nancéienne), most important of the area, following the example Grenoble or Toulouse.
Nancy constitutes with the ENSG and the geological course of the Faculty of Science of Vandœuvre-the-Nancy managed by the department of sciences of the ground of faculty (certain courses common and closely dependant between the ENSG and the Faculty of Science in master) which propose each quality training as well as the Laboratories of geology or bound to the géosciences of the Nancéienne agglomeration (within the federation of research EAST (water, ground, ground) in particular which gathers UPR CNRS CRPG, the UMR LEM, LIMOS and G 2R associated with Them, the BEF and the LCPME (chemistry laboratory) and the LAEGO laboratory of civil engineering treats geology) constitute a geological pole among most important of Europe and famous in the world. The BRGM, installed with Brabois, fact integral part of this pole. Moreover the ENSAIA and the École des Mines of Nancy are related on certain formations to the geological pole.
Three universities have establishments in Nancy or in its agglomeration. They are federate within a scientific public corporation of co-operation: Nancy-University.
also known Nancy-1 under the name of Henri-Poincaré university, gathers the faculties sciences, of medicine, dental surgery and pharmacy, as well as IUT Nancy-Brabois.
ESSTIN (University of sciences and technologies of the engineer de Nancy)
ICN Graduate Business School
the ENSA (3Ecole Nationale Sup3erieure of art of Nancy)
Project ARTEM is one of the more great projects of European university building site. Its objective is to gather on the same site 3 fields of competence and of distinct teaching (artistic creation, engineering and management) in order to create a common synergy in fields as varied as the design, the communication or transport. It is the fruit of a regrouping between 3 universities nancéiennes (École des Mines, 3Ecole Nationale Sup3erieure of art and the commercial Institute of Nancy).
The project will be born on the old barracks molitor which will be shaven in the South-west of Nancy on a surface on the ground of 10 hectares for more than 70.000 m ² of floors.
See also: Nancy Colleges
Guy Ropartz, type-setter, director of the Conservatory of Nancy.
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