Nâdir Shâh

Nâdir Shâh (in Persan: RTL F نادرشاه), of its true name Nadir Khan Qirqlu Afshar , born the October 22nd 1688 and deceased the June 19th 1747, was a Shah of Iran, founder of the dynasty of the Afsharides, which reigned of 1736 until its death. It was sometimes described like the Napoleon Perse.

It is born in the area from Dastgerd from Khorasan in Iran. His/her father, a poor peasant, dies whereas Nâdir is still child. Nâdir and its mother are then taken as slaves by the Uzbek , but Nâdir manages to escape. It joined a band of robbers of which he becomes the chief in 1717.

In 1719, the Afghan invade Iran. With 5.000 men, Nâdir supports Tahmasp II dynasty of the Safavides in its war against the Afghan usurper Mahmoud Ghilzai. It is by being put at the service of Tahmasp that it will take the name Nadir Qoli Beig . Later, Nâdir relieves Tahmasp II, place the son of this one, Abbas III, still child, on the throne, and declares regent in 1732.

Nâdir demolishes the Afghans in the Bataille of Damghan in 1729. It pares the Afghans, who occupied Persia since 1730, out of the country and assembles on the throne of the kingdom in 1736, taking the title of Nâdir Shâh.

In 1738, it conquers Kandahar and Kabul in Afghanistan, then continuous by the invasion of the India, demolishing the large army of the Empire moghol of Muhammad Shâh with the Bataille of Karnal, the February 24th 1739. The March 20th 1739, Nâdir Shâh takes the town of Delhi which it makes plunder and orders to massacre it of 30.000 of its inhabitants. It turns over then to Persia at the beginning of May 1739 with vast treasures, of which the Trône of the Peacock, which is used then as symbol of the imperial force Persian, the diamond of Koh-i Nor, some thousand Indian women (Hindu and Moslem), a great number of boys like slaves and the thousands of elephants, horses and camels charged with the spoils that its men gathered. The richnesses seized in India are so important that Nâdir Shâh stops the perception of taxes in Iran during the three following years.

In 1741, after an attempted murder on him failed, Nâdir Shâh suspect his/her oldest son, Reza Quli Mirza, to be responsible for the conspiracy and makes him burst the eyes, returning it blind man. He is assassinated in 1747, and its Ali nephew succeeds to him under the name of Adil Châh. But the empire conquered by Nâdir Shâh crumbles shortly after.

Indeed in 1747, Ahmad Khan, a young Afghan commander of Nadir Shah, proclaimed his independence and took the name of Ahmad Shah and founded the dynasty Durrani which will reign on the Afghanistan until in 1978.

Bonds internal

Moslem Invasions of India

External bond

Portrait of Nâdir Shâh (in English)

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