Mulhouse (in Alsatian Mihlhüsa , in German Mülhausen ) is a city of the East of the France, located in the south of the area Alsace, in the department of the Haut-Rhin. It is old a independent République founded, according to the legend, in 58 av. JC and " réunie" in France on January 4th, 1798. It belongs to the High-Alsace, subdivision of the historical province of Alsace called in German Oberelsass .

Old industrial pole of importance reconverted into the tertiary sector, Mulhouse was a long time called the “Manchester French”. This glorious last industrialist marked for always Mulhouse and forged the identity of the city. Mulhouse profits from a remarkable geographical position at a few minutes only of the borders with the Germany and the Suisse.

Mulhouse counted with the last census of 1999 approximately 235.000 inhabitants in his agglomeration and constitutes with an urban surface of more than 271.000 inhabitants the second economic and urban pole of Alsace after Strasbourg.

The city is often called the “city of the Bollwerk”, of the name of a tower, vestige of the old fortifications.

Its inhabitants is called the Mulhousiens and the Mulhousiennes , in dialect Mihlhüser .

Etymology

Mulhouse means étymologiquement: the House of the Mill . But the name Mulhouse is the adaptation of the name in dialect: Mihlhüsa or Mühlhuse (N) , in German Mülhausen . This name describes a situation: a mill (Mühle) and houses (Häuser). It is a small village with some houses only, which one called - hausen .

See: Legend of the birth of Mulhouse

Geography

Geographical location

Mulhouse is crossed by two rivers, the Doller and the Ill, affluent of the the Rhine. The city, located in the middle of the area of the 3 borders, has only 30 km of the Suisse and 14km of the Germany. It thus constitutes one of the most important crossroads of France. Its strategic position makes of it a city open on the Europe and a place of transit impossible to circumvent.

Distances

Mulhouse is located on the Rhenish axis at an important crossroads at the European level.

  • Mulhouse - > Frankfurt (Germany): 312 km

  • Mulhouse - > Stuttgart (Germany): 226 km
  • Mulhouse - > Munich (Germany): 385 km
  • Mulhouse - > Karlsruhe (Germany): 179 km
  • Mulhouse - > Paris (France): 481 km
  • Mulhouse - > Lyon (France): 342 km
  • Mulhouse - > Strasbourg (France): 109 km
  • Mulhouse - > Brussels (Belgium): 489 km
  • Mulhouse - > Basle (Swiss): 31 km
  • Mulhouse - > Zurich (Swiss): 116 km
  • Mulhouse - > Luxembourg: 287 km
  • Mulhouse - > Bregenz (Austria): 223 km
  • Mulhouse - > Vienna (Austria): 786 km
  • Mulhouse - > Plzen (Czech Republic): 596 km
  • Mulhouse - > Prague (Czech Republic]: 686 km
  • Mulhouse - > Åbenrå (Denmark): 991 km

The districts of Mulhouse will intra muros

Mulhouse gives an particular importance to its districts, which since 1994, lay out each one of a Conseil of district.

Each district also has a festival which proceeds traditionally in summer. These festivals of district are not very common in France and are imitated more and more by the other French cities.

Mulhouse will intra muros is divided into 16 districts (number of inhabitant) or regroupings of districts (the units are quoted here having a council):

  • New Basin - Nordfeld - Europe (9 108)

  • Bourtzwiller (13 424)
  • Brustlein (4 371)
  • Historical center (7 279)
  • Quoted - Briand (8 923)
  • Slopes (9 644)
  • Daguerre (5 483)
  • To pare (4 897)
  • Dornach (5 684)
  • Drouot - Barbanègre (5 013)
  • the Foundry (studied district) (3 338)
    • Franklin
  • - Fridolin (6 557)
  • High-Pear tree (student district) (5 123)
  • Rebberg (8 357)
  • Vauban - Neppert (8 905)
  • Wolf - Wagner (4 027)

Other communes of the Mulhousian Agglomeration

The communes of the Mulhousian agglomeration are gathered within the Country of the Mulhousian Area, entity made up within the meaning of the Loi Voynet. The Country of the Mulhousian Area consists of 4 intercommunalities and 4 common not attached to a intercommunality. Intercommunalities:
  • the Communauté of agglomeration Mulhouse South-Alsace (CAMSA)
  • the Communauté of communes of the Island Napoleon (CCIN)
  • the Communauté of communes of the Hills
  • the Communauté of common Carries Southern Rhine France

The 4 common non-member of a intercommunality are Galfingue, Heimsbrunn, Illzach and Pfastatt.

The intercommunality and the absence of real unit of the agglomeration are a rather delicate subject and somewhat handicapping on the level of the local policy. The problem regularly gives place to conflicts of a political nature between the intercommunalities.

With more than 15.000 inhabitants, Wittenheim and Illzach are respectively the most populated fourth and fifth communes Haut-Rhin. Come then with more than 12000 inhabitants Rixheim, Riedisheim and Kingersheim then Pfastatt, Lutterbach, Brunstatt, Morschwiller-le-Bas, and Didenheim. The retail parks Kingersheim-Wittenheim (Kaligone-Pole 430), Island-Napoleon as well as the Peugeot-Citroen Factory constitute the principal poles of activity of the agglomeration.

The communes of the close suburbs are those which are included in the city, that which are in the remote suburbs are more distant but strongly dependant on Mulhouse.

Close Suburbs

Remote Suburbs

Population

Mulhouse is a very cosmopolitan city: with 15,2% from abroad it has the most important rate of Alsace and especially of France in its category. In 2004, the city counted nearly 21.000 foreigners for 112.002 inhabitants. (" source; The foreign presence in Alsace" )

Mulhouse is a city very métissée and rich of an important cultural diversity, indeed the majority of the Mulhousians are foreign or have close foreign origins.

History

See also: History of Mulhouse

Caption birth of Mulhouse

According to the legend, in 58 av. JC, Jules César arrived in Alsace by the Belfort Gap in order to pare the Germains beyond the the Rhine.

The troops of German were directed by the terrible one and sanguinary king Suève Arioviste.

The two most frightening armies of the time clashed in a terrible combat in the south of Alsace in the current locality of Ochsenfeld between Wittelsheim and Cernay.

See also: Battle of Ochsenfeld

The army of Arioviste was overcome and the Romains victorious pursued and massacred the German ones in all the plain.

A young Suève warrior who fled the Romans and tried to regain the the Rhine, would then have been found wounded close to a mill to the current site of Mulhouse. The girl of the miller would have collected it and would have married with him, meanwhile other Suèves in wandering in the area joined them and married with women of the area. They were established around the " house of the moulin". Their descendants would be the Mulhousians.

This explains the term of Mülhausen which wants to say house of the mill in German, and the blazon of the city, representing a wheel of water mill.

History of the city

The surroundings of Mulhouse were inhabited since the Paléolithique. The first hard copies go back to the 9th century. The first mention of the city dates from year 803 when certain Achito made gift of properties, of which Mulinhuson (Mulhouse), with the monastery of Fulda. In 1354 it becomes member of the Décapole, association of the free cities of Alsace. In 1515, Mulhouse is withdrawn from Décapole to be combined with the Swiss Cantons. It was a free and independent republic until its annexation by France the January 4th 1798, at the time of the Directoire.

Because of this late fastening in France (and also because the city was of less importance at the time) its administrative role remained limited. Thus Colmar, much less populated today, is always the prefecture of the department, whereas Mulhouse became sub-prefecture only in 1857.

The development of Mulhouse can be compared with that of a mushroom town, stimulated by the expansion of textile industry (drapery) and the tanning, then by chemical industries and mechanics starting from the middle of the 18th century. Mulhouse maintains then the privileged relations with the Louisiana, from where it imports cotton, like with Raising. This explains why its historical center is small compared to the size of the commune. Mulhouse is mainly made up of a low city and a high city .

  • the low city was formerly the district of the merchants and the craftsmen. It develops around the place of the Meeting (named today thus in remembering its annexation in France). Today, it is a pedestrian space.
  • the high city developed as from the 18th century. Various monastic orders formerly established their establishments to with it, in particular Franciscains, Augustins, the Clarisses and the Knights of Malta.
  • the Nouveau District is the first example of planned urbanization in Mulhouse, starting from 1826, after the destruction of the ramparts (as in many French cities). It concentrates around the place of the Republic. Its screen viaire and its triangular form show well the will of planning of the municipality. The plans are entrusted to the architects G. Stolz and Felix Fries. This district is invested by the rich person families of industrial employers, liberals and republicans.
  • the district of the Rebberg includes/understands houses of Master inspired by the residences with gantries and columns of the cotton growers in Louisiana. At the origin, this space occupied by the vineyard of the city ( reb : vine; berg : hill). One finds there also houses of English inspiration: the cottages , in reference to the bringing together with Manchester, in particular at the time of the voyages of wire of families of industrialists in England for their studies.
The town hall (1553) is of Rhenish Renaissance style. By seeing it, Montaigne qualifies it “splendid palate and very gilded” in 1580. Its trompe-l'oeil paintings and the allegories representing the defects and the virtues make its fame. The frescos of the room of the Council represent the Armoiries Swiss cantons with which the city was allied.

historical General information

  • Mulhouse, whose site was occupied of any antiquity since the Neolithic era, appears into 803 under the name of " Mulinhuson" (of German " Mühle" , mill, and " Hausen" , dwelling).

  • the city developed starting from two cores of which one belonged to the bishops of Strasbourg and the other with the Hohenstaufen emperors.
  • Ville strengthened towards 1223 which benefitted from the fights between the Empire and évêché with 13th to strengthen its autonomy; in 1261, the middle-class men destroyed the castle of the bishop.
  • Definitively imperial city under king Rodolphe de Habsbourg, Mulhouse receives important privileges of its successor, Adolphe de Nassau (1293).
  • 14th was marked by internal conflicts between middle-class man and noble, the latter were expelled in 1346.
  • In 1466, the autonomy of Mulhouse was threatened by Habsbourg, supported by the noble ones of the vicinity, which declared the war at the city under a futile pretext (6 sums of money which had by a Mulhousian miller, from where the name of “War of the Six sums of money”).
  • Given up by Décapole of which it formed part since its foundation in 1354, Mulhouse was helped effectively by Bern and Soleure (1468) and ends up being affiliated with the Swiss Confederation in 1515.
  • After the introduction of the Reform in 1523, the 16th century was marked by internal conflicts and clashes with the catholic Swiss cantons.
  • In 1746, Koechlin, Schmaltzer and Dollfus founded the first factory of Indians (printed cotton fabrics).
  • It was the starting point of an enormous industrialization, which will make small artisanal city that Mulhouse was still at the 18th second town of Alsace.
  • the voluntary fastening of Mulhouse in France in 1798 accelerated this process by removing the tariff barriers which handicapped the trade.
  • With 19th, industry developed and diversified: the textile, which remained dominating, caused for its needs creation for mechanical engineering industries and chemical.
  • the discovery of potash layers in 1904 brought a new rise: Mulhouse became the first industrial center of Alsace.
  • September 1970 - November 11th 1918: Alsace is under German domination.
  • November 11th - November 17th, 1918: Mulhouse under the Alsatian Soviet republic is organized in Soviet.
  • November 17th, 1918: Mulhouse becomes again French
  • Importantes destruction in 1944.
  • After 1945 the large channel of Alsace directed towards the east (Napoleon island, industrial park of Hardt) the uninterrupted industrial development of the city.
  • cultural rise followed with the creation of the university of High Alsace, the multiplication of the museums, and many mental activities.
  • Birthplace of the architect François Spoerry (1912-1999).

Communal annexations

The old commune of Dornach, to the west of the city, was attached to Mulhouse in 1914 and that of Bourtzwiller (in north), in 1947.

Tourist monuments and places

  • the place of Europe, at the foot of the tower of Europe, cash places armorial bearings of several towns of Europe. It estaujourd' today destroyed (March 2007 February) and will leave room to the Europe shopping mall of Altaréa. The armorial bearings as for them always visible since will be affixed on the interior walls of the galleries of the shopping mall.
  • Town hall of the 16th century which accommodates the historical Musée of Mulhouse
  • Temple protesting Saint-Etienne of the 19th century, a height of 97 m, built by Jean-Baptiste Schacre
  • Cité working of the medium of the XIXe inspired by that of Manchester
  • Place of the Stock Exchange and building of the Industrial society of Mulhouse of the 19th century
  • Cité of the Car (collection of the Frères Schlumpf), more than 500 vehicles
  • Quoted of the train
  • Museum of electricity " Electropolis" , the adventure of electricity
  • Museum of the impression on fabrics
  • historical Museum in the old Town hall: archeology, especially Neolithic, regional history; popular arts and traditions
  • Mineralogical Museum of the Industrial society of Mulhouse
  • Museum of the Art schools: painting 19th
  • Museum of the Radio
  • Museum of Ceramics in the Center of international art, in an old tilery.
  • Zoological gardens and botany
  • Many industrial waste lands
  • Écomusée of Alsace in the CAMSA
  • ludo-educational Amusement park of the Bioscope on the topic of ecology
  • Turn of the View-point to the panorama of 360°

In the center of the city draws up the Tour of Europe, a 100 meters height and completed in 1972 by the Architecte François Spoerry. This residential building (180 residences) of a structure of reinforced concrete is surmounted by a panoramic restaurant which with the characteristic to have a floor swivelling on 360° allowing the visitor to observe all the panorama (the Jura, Black Forest, the Swiss Alps) during the meal. (Above the restaurant a network of antennas is of which highest is to 112 m of the ground). Visible by far, it became since its construction the symbol of the town of Mulhouse.

Heritage of its relations with the Swiss Cantons, the use of the Fresco to embellish the walls of the city is frequent. More the good example is the town hall to the walls equipped with paintings in Trompe-l'oeil, but it is also the case of many blind pinions of the city. These frescos can be old or recent and modern, with, in certain cases, the use of the technique of the Marouflage (stuck fabric). According to certain historians, this tradition is the symptom of a city having a long time wished to dissimulate the little of nobility of its history and its walls by bright colors and frescos reporting the glorious episodes of its past.

Civil architecture

  • Turn of the Devil and turn of Nessel, vestiges of the old extremely episcopal castle destroyed in 1261, rebuilt beginning 20th.
  • Bollwerk or Turn of the Pig 14th.
  • Hotel of Ville* 1552: pinions in volutes; principal building, room of the Council with its skirtings and the paintings murales* 1552 renovated by Jean Gabriel of Mulhouse in 1698, passage on the street of the Files, 2 rooms with ploughed for the third time bays (MH); reproduction of the " hone médisants" (Klapperstein), whose original* with the museum, is hung with the neck of the slanderers condemned to cross the city stone to the neck.
  • Court of the Chains, street of Franciscains: frontages and roofs, turret of staircase, vestiges of the enclosing wall with covered way.
  • Magistrates' court.
  • Court of Bankruptcy: principal frontage (without the attic), hall and main staircase.
  • Place of Europe 1966: marble marquetries; turn of Europe 1972 per François Spoerry, with panoramic restaurant turning.
  • School Court-of-Lorraine, 21 rue des Franciscains: frontage, staircases has and B with the wrought iron slopes.
  • Court of the Chains, 11 13-15 rue des Franciscains: corridor and part with the painted decoration.
  • House Loewenfels 18th, 42 rue des Franciscains.
  • Real, 44 rue des Franciscains.
  • Place of Réunion*: n° 9, old corporation of the tailors. ; n° 11 old Mieg house with oriel Rebirth.
  • Place Lambert: native house of the mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert, house 16th.
  • municipal Theater 1919.
  • Old preparatory academy with the trade 18th (small college).
  • Fountain 1992 surmounted by a halberdier, copies of a fountain 16th, place of the Meeting.
  • Public garden of the Stock Exchange: buildings Charles X. Monument of Ière armor-plated Division 1959.

Structure crowned

  • Saint-Etienne Catholic church 1860 neo-gothic.
  • French Temple reformed 1836: organ of Silbermann 1766.
  • Vault Midsummer's Day 1269, concise museum: old vault of the commandery of the knights of Malta, paintings murales* about 1515 (life of Jean-Baptiste saint, scenes of Passion).
  • Church of the Sacred Heart 1959.
  • Sainte-Marie Church, old church of the franciscains 13th, entirely transformed 19th.
  • Church Saint-Jeanne-with Arc.
  • Holy-Genevieve Church.
  • Church of Tabor.
  • Saint-Fridolin Church.
  • Temple reformed Saint-Etienne neo-gothic 1866: vestiges of the old medieval church, vitraux* 14th; stalls 17th; beautiful sight of the tower.
  • Saint Martin's day Temple.
  • Saint-Paul Temple.
  • Synagog 1849.

Sites

  • Banks of Ill.
  • the View-point: sight on the city since the top of Rebberg.
  • communal Forest.
  • Forest of Tannenwald: course VTT, sportsmen, botanical path.

Teaching

University, Universities and higher formation

The University of High-Alsace (UHA)

Distributed on three campuses: The campus of Colmar, distributed on the sites Grillenbreit and Bipôle and the two campuses of Mulhouse, the Campus of Illberg and the very new campus of the Foundry .

See also: UHA

The UHA includes/understands various schools of engineer, several faculties and other training companies of which:

On the Campus of the Foundry
  • FSESJ : Faculty of Economic scenes, Social and Legal. Campus of the Foundry. New Faculty " vitrine" UHA, proud of its proximity with the professional world, it trains economists, managers, the commercial ones, managers and lawyers. It was inaugurated on September 6th 2007 by the president of the Republic Nicolas Sarkozy.

See also: FSESJ

  • CUFEF : University center of Training of the Teachers and the Trainers. Campus of the Foundry.

See also: CUFEF

On the Campus of Illberg
  • the ENSISA : 3Ecole Nationale Sup3erieure of Engineers of the South Alsace. Illberg campus. The School trains engineers in the sector of high technologies.
  • the ENSCMu : 3Ecole Nationale Sup3erieure of Chemistry of Mulhouse. Illberg campus. University which trains chemical engineers.

See also: ENSCMu

  • the IUT of Mulhouse : Academic institute of Technology of Mulhouse. Illberg campus. Train technicians in various sectors.
  • FLSH : Faculty of Arts, Languages and Social sciences
  • FST : Faculty of Science and Technology
  • PEPS : Multi-field of Higher Professionnalisé Teaching
  • IUT of Colmar
  • SERFA

Other schools and training companies higher

  • CFEJE : Training center of teachers of Young children

  • ISO : Social institute of higher learning of Mulhouse. Training institute of social workers, specialized educators and other professionals in the fields of social work.

  • ISTA : Institute of higher learning of the Alsatian Textile. On the Illberg campus but not attached to the UHA.

  • School of nurses

  • University of Art the Quay .

Primary and secondary education

to develop

Transport

Mulhouse profits from a privileged geographical location which in fact an important European crossroads, with the intersection of some of the main axes of communication of the continent. In the middle of the three borders, the city had, as of the years 1970, to obtain a highway network worthy of an area tri-main road.

Public transport

Network of tram

The modern network of the Tram of Mulhouse, inaugurated in 2006, account currently two lines for a total of 12 km and 24 stations. The characteristics of the Tramway of Mulhouse are that its color (yellow and red) and forms it of its nose are resulting from a consultation of the population. A first extension, at the end of 2006, must lead to the creation of 3 new stations towards north to irrigate the whole of the district of Bourtzwiller in 2008. One second extension, programmed by 2011, must make it possible to reach the towns of Kingersheim and Wittenheim in north, as well as the Drouot district in the east of the city. These two extensions will allow the network, known as urban, to reach 20 km length and to serve 37 stations. Lastly, a Tram-train of " Karlsruhe" type;, should irrigate as of 2011 the North-West of the agglomeration and the valley of Thann. The Tram-train is the great project of the Mulhousian agglomeration for the years to come and will be the first of France. It will make it possible to the inhabitants of the valley of Thann to go to the downtown area of Mulhouse without changing means of transport. Moreover it will be the alternative to the car because the saturation of N66 is one of the big problems of the valley.

Network of bus

In addition, a network of bus, used by company SOLEA serves the whole of the Mulhousian agglomeration. Reorganized the arrival of the tram and around this one, it takes into account today 25 lines, 871 stops and dessert 24 communes.

The network soléa is in interconnection with several other company of because which serves the remote suburbs.

Bicycle in urban environment

Cycle network

Close relations of the Germany, the Alsatian cities naturally borrowed the typically German policy of the bicycle. One finds in Alsace 2 cities classified in the first 10 cycle networks of France (of which Strasbourg which is first).

Mulhouse has a cycle network of 86 km (including 46 km of cycle track and 40 km of zone 30 and malls). The city belongs to the Club of the Cycle Cities.

The city also obtained the hoppers bicycles to the signal-controlled junctions and created many cycle misinterpretations.

Many associations of cyclists exist in Mulhouse with of which in particular the CADR Cyclistes Associated for the Right To roll.

Bicycle and tram

The transport of the bicycles is authorized in the trams apart from the peak periods what allows a complementarity of the various means of transport set up.

Parking, monitoring and safety

The recent policy as regards urban displacement with thorough with the integration of equipment bound for the urban cyclists. 1.700 arches with bicycle were thus set up through the city.

With that is added the parks to bicycles monitored for more safety. 3 parks from 15 to 50 sites were created in downtown area, Rue of the Balloon, Place Harmony and Place of the Meeting.

At the station, Locacycles association is given the responsability to keep bicycles of the people going to Mulhouse in the train or using the compound vélo+train.

Swiftness

With the image of the Parisian Vélib', Mulhouse of a system of bicycles in self-service: 200 bicycles, parkés in 20 stations, accessible to the hiring.

This system is called Vélocité. Swiftness is the Mulhousian version of the system Cyclocity developed by JCDecaux.

The bicycles are accessible from 6:00 to midnight the every day including Sundays and bank holidays.

Locacycles

Beside the system of hiring in self-service Mulhouse also has a service of traditional hiring of bicycle baptized Locacycles. (nonofficial site)

Highway network

The highways A35 and A36 cross in the North-East of the city thanks to one of the rare highway exchangers on 3 levels in France, offering an easy access towards Strasbourg, the Germany, the Suisse and the France. More than 400.000 people move each day in the Mulhousian agglomeration, it is thus vis-a-vis this constant increase in the motor vehicle traffic that the agglomeration implements of many projects like the Tram-train and the southern deviation. Mulhouse has a dense communication network enabling him to nourish transborder relations very developed with Basle and Freiburg.

Network of because long distance

Mulhouse belongs to the European network Eurolines which pemet to rejoin at low cost the majority of the big cities and capitals European.

The counter eurolines is located place of the Republic and the point of loading of the bus for the destination European is at the Central station with the angle of the bridge Jules Ehrmann. The point of loading for Morocco is him on the carpark of the old post office side channel.

Railway network

The line Basle - Mulhouse Colmar - Strasbourg (FOR THE THIRD TIME Alsace) prolonged soon, with the reorganization of the network related to the TGV Is European, towards Nancy (second agglomeration of the North-East) and Metz, is one of the most attended lines France. The station of Mulhouse sees passing to each day 17.400 travellers.

Since June 2007, TGV-is it (LGV Is European) makes it possible Mulhouse to be with 3:00 of the station of the East. In 2011, Mulhouse will accommodate its second TGV: the TGV the Rhine-Rhone which will put the city at approximately 2:20 of Paris and 3:30 of Marseilles. The station is already of served by a TGV per day which makes Strasbourg - Marseilles.

Lastly, a complete railway by-pass encircles the city and from the very attended lines go towards the directions of Belfort, Colmar and Strasbourg, Basle and Thann.

(cf: Station of Mulhouse)

River system

The wearing of the Mulhouse-Rhine contains 3 ports: the port of the Island Napoleon with Illzach, the port of Ottmarsheim and the port of Huningue. The Canal the Rhine-Rhone allows a connection with the the Rhine. This port is in 2006, one of the first river ports of France with more than 8,4 million tons of freight (traffics rail and truck driver included). One finds the largest French container gantry there.

Air traffic

The International airport of Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg (EuroAirport) is the only airport binational in the world. It is about the 5th French airport in terms of travellers and of 2nd in term of freight. It serves 46 regular lines. The airport suffered from the bankruptcy of Swissair, but could start again in terms of frequentation thanks to the installation of a base of the Airline company EasyJet. This installation allowed the EuroAirport a considerable profit since the traffic passed from 2,49 to 3,99 million passengers between 2004 and 2006.




Current work in the city

  • the shopping mall Places Europe: 25000m ² of trade in full center of the city. (opening at the end of 2008)

  • District of business, pole Multimode of the Station of Mulhouse for the arrival of the TGV the Rhine-Rhone (2011)
  • the Southern way: southern loop line of the city. (operational end 2010)
  • the Trident: unit made up of 3 buildings at the western entry of the city. (2008)
  • Enlarging of the PARK OF the HILLS: Free urban zone which employs more than 2000 people
  • Université of the Foundry: restoration of the old building of the foundry to accommodate the future Faculty of Economic scenes, Social and Legal (FSESJ) (returned 2007)
  • Prolongation of line 1 of the Tram of Mulhouse towards Bourtzwiller. (mid 2009)

and also the restoration of the Mulhousian districts (Brossolette, Neppert, Franklin-Fridolin…).

Economy

Secondary industry

The rise of industry, engine of the urban development, initially was the fact of the industry of the textile (Frères Schlumpf ect), then contiguous activities: mechanics and chemical industry. Some elements of this sector survived until our days, but the crisis which struck the textile after the Second world war struck Mulhouse hard. A major reorientation took place with the establishment of an automobile production center in 1962, which involved a reorganization of most of local economic fabric.
To note the proximity of the potassic basin in the north which was a large provider of employment throughout the 20th century.

  • Automobile (Factory of PSA (Peugeot Citroen) of Sausheim, first employer of Alsace with 12.580 paid including 1.630 temporary at the end of August 2004) more subcontractors.
  • Chemistry (ICMD).

Mulhouse is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and Southern industry Alsace Mulhouse. It manages Southern CFA Alsace, the GIFOP and Cahr Formation, the warehouses as well as the ports of Huningue, of Ottmarsheim and that of Napoleon Island to Illzach.

Tertiary sector

to develop

Tourism

From an architectural point of view, Mulhouse is a city which indicates with the remainder of Alsace. One of the main reasons comes from sound history marked by an extremely fast urban growth at the XIXe century, making it pass from the statute of borough to that of important city in a few decades.

Mulhouse is known universally for its museum of the car (collection of the Frères Schlumpf) which gathers 500 vehicles and its museum of railroad which has to him the largest collection of railway material of continental Europe.

Companies of world rank originating in Mulhouse and approximately

BNP : The origins of BNP go back to 1848, creation date of the National Counter of Discount of Paris and of the National Counter of Discount of Mulhouse.

DMC : In 1746, Jean-Henri Dollfus, founds a textile company with two other young contractors Jean-Jacques Schmalzer and Samuel Koechlin. Benefitting from the passion of the time for painted fabrics and the artistic talent of Jean-Henri, they become the pioneers in Europe of the industrial production of the Indian printed papers form painted with the hand.

CLEMESSY : In 1908, Eugene CLEMESSY, former wage earner of the SACM (Alsatian Company of Mulhousian Mechanical engineering), which transformed during its leisures an old mill close to Brunstatt into powerplant to feed several communes, has a presentiment of the future of this energy source. He founds Establishments CLEMESSY. One century later, the family company yielded the place to an international group called to work in all the key sectors of development of our planet, in particular the environment and energy sectors, in the wake of its principal shareholder, DALKIA, within Group VEOLIA.

ALSTOM : André Koechlin opens an engineering department of Locomotive S in Mulhouse in 1839. The businesses will develop quickly and Koechlin amalgamates with the Workshops of Graffenstaden to create the Alsatian Company of Mechanical engineering (SACM). The annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by Germany, in 1871, involves the fold of the SACM with Belfort in the years 1878-79. In 1893, the railway electric traction starts to take a certain rise, the General Electric American joins the French Company Thomson-Houston. Passed the First World War, the electrifications become extensive. In 1928, Thomson-Houston amalgamates with part of the SACM to form a new company. It will be Als-Thom contraction of Alsace-THOMson. ALSTHOM will become ALSTOM during the introduction of its title to the purse of New York in 2001, the " th" being more difficult to pronounce for the english-speaking.

SCHLUMBERGER : Nicolas Schlumberger is established in Mulhouse in 1545, where he becomes tanner. It is the birth of the one of the greatest French indutrielles dynasties active in the textile, mechanics, electronics, oil, the bank and the vine growing.

LOUIS DREYFUS : The companies of the Group Louis Dreyfus are present in more than 53 countries. Their principal establishments are with Buenos Aires, London, Paris, São Paulo, Wilton (Connecticut) and Memphis (Tennessee). For a few years, the rough annual turnover of the Group has been close to 20 billion dollars. Created there is more than 150 years with Sierentz close to Mulhouse by Leopold Louis Dreyfus, the control of the Group always remained entirely between the hands of the family Louis Dreyfus. Last nine telecom is a subsidiary company of the Dreyfus group.

DELMAS-VIELJEUX : Following the annexation of Alsace, Emile Delmas leaves in his turn Alsace in 1871 when it had settled to join his brothers with La Rochelle who had created in 1867 the Naval Company Delmas. In remembering the lost province, he proposed that the wheel of mill which is reproduced on the armorial bearings of Mulhouse, " the city of the moulins" , becomes the emblem of naval company DELMAS Frères. In 1991, the Company enters group BOLLORE. Delmas is the 2nd French ship-owner and is affirmed like world number 1 on the North-South axis.

Crédit Mutuel : Taking as a starting point the experiment of the cases of credit developed by F.G. Raiffeisen, the priest H. Cetty created the first Case of Crédit Mutuel (Joseph Saint) in 1896 in Mulhouse. He succeeds in setting up a provident scheme, insurances against the disease, pensions for the widows. But especially, the Case of Joseph Saint, without State grants, allowed the construction or the restoration of thousand residences between 1897 and 1909.

APAVE : In 1867, the Industrial society of Mulhouse creates the offices of the Alsatian Association of the Owners of Apparatuses with Vapor which became APAVE. Group APAVE is present today everywhere in France (120 agencies and offices, 8 laboratories, 100 spaces of formation) and in the world. 8.000 collaborators, including 5.800 Engineer S and technicians.

Movable European : The Rapp Group, is resulting from joinery founded family cabinet work in 1925 in the Sundgau. Today, the Movable Group European is the first franchiser of furnishing and the third distributer of French pieces of furniture with marks FLY, ATLAS and CROZATIER.

Boeing : A German industrialist of the name of Wilhelm Boïng was the owner of the spinning mill of Dornach. He emigrated with the USA and " américanisa" its name in Boeing, he became the father of William Boeing creator of the aeronautical firm Boeing.

Innovation

lettering conversational 1962 of qualification of the entries is an invention of the years 1960 which opened the way with the book-keeping on computer. It resembles of nothing traditional countable lettering. He was born in 1962 with the SACM of Mulhouse - Alsace - and was recognized in 1965 following the rejection of Specifications IBM by Gilbert Bitsch, project manager of administrative and countable work. This one could oppose solutions to him which it had already implemented on tabulators IBM 421 - a punched-card tool. The schedule of conditions refused corresponded to the state of the art of the time which did not make it possible to hold of accountancy on computer. It abolished simply the concept of accounts to the profit of a questionable on request and manually purged history file on perforated cards. This solution thus did not make behavior of account and did not allow either the behavior of auxiliary accountancies by data processing. It made necessary the acquisition or the maintenance of accounting machines reserved because of their prohibitory costs to the only large companies. countable lettering

Administration

  • Bonds towards the sites of the administrations of Mulhouse and the High Rhine

Cantons and Demography

Mulhouse is divided into 4 cantons:

  • the canton of Mulhouse-Is made of part of Mulhouse (28  270 inhabitants);
  • the canton of Mulhouse-North is made of part of Mulhouse (34  066 inhabitants);
  • the canton of Mulhouse-West is made of part of Mulhouse (25  473 inhabitants);
  • the canton of Mulhouse-South is made of part of Mulhouse and communes of Bruebach, Brunstatt, Didenheim, Flaxlanden, Galfingue, Heimsbrunn, Morschwiller-le-Bas and Zillisheim (38  792 inhabitants).

Demography (figures INSEE 1999):

  • Common of Mulhouse: 110.359 inhabitants;
  • Intercommunalité (the Community of Agglomeration Mulhouse Alsace Southern): 170 231 inhabitants (2004);
  • urban Pole: 234.445 inhabitants;
  • urban Surface: 271.024 inhabitants;

Mayors of Mulhouse

See also: Mayors of Mulhouse

The room of the Council of the town hall contains on its principal wall a vast table representing the Armoiries of all the burgomasters and mayors who followed one another the head of the republic, then common Mulhousian, since 1349.

International

Twinnings

International organization

  • The European Physical Society

Famous characters

; Maurice Victor Achener (1881 - 1963): painter illustrator and engraver

; Karl Brandt (1904-1948): S, personal doctor of Adolf Hitler. Promoter of a program of Euthanasia. Carried out like war criminal.

; Mireille Delunsch (1962): Singer of opera (soprano)

; Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935): Alfred Dreyfus, born in Mulhouse on October 9th, 1859, wrongfully will be degraded and condemned to the perpetual deportation in 1894 for treason with the profit of the Germany, before being rehabilitated in 1906.

; Godefroy Engelmann (1788-1839): The Mulhousian Godefroy Engelmann invents in 1836 a process of setting color of the images, always used in printing works: the Chromolithography.

; François Florent (1937): Man of theater born in Mulhouse. François Florent is the pseudonym of François Eichholtzer. Actor of theater formed with the Academy of Strasbourg, it directs since 1967 celebrates it Cours Florent with Paris.

; Georges Friedel (1865 - 1933): celebrate mineralogist, wire of Charles Friedel

; Auguste Gérardin (1849-after 1898): Painter and draftsman, born in Mulhouse on July 31st, 1849. Raise Lecoq de Boisbaudran between 1867 and 1869, it illustrated at the end of the 19th century works of Villon, Hugo or Zola. It began with the Salon from 1875 and exposed for the last time to that of 1898.

; Charles Frederic Girard (1822-1895): Doctor and American zoologist of French origin, born on March 8th, 1822 in Mulhouse and dead on January 29th, 1895 with Neuilly-sur-Seine. Its scientific works count 81 titles, of which the half on fish, about thirty on the reptiles and Amphibians and the remainder on the invertebrates.

; Katia and Maurice Kraft (1942-1991) and (1946-1991): Katia and Maurice Kraft count among the most famous vulcanologist S in the world. They carried out many missions on the volcanos of Italy, of Iceland, Indonesia and Africa. Both will disappear, at the time of the eruption of the Mont Unzen with the Japan, the June 3rd 1991.

; Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728-1777): Physicist, Mathematician, Cartographer, Astronomer and Philosopher, Jean-Henri Lambert was a precursor of the applied science. In 1764, Frederic II attached it to the Academy of Berlin of which it was, until its death, one of the most active members and most brilliant.

; Paul Meyer (1965): Clarinettist

; Mathilde Monnier (1959): Choreographer. In 1994, Mathilde Monnier is named with the head of the National Choreographic Center of Montpellier. It makes of it a place open to other choreographers.

; Thierry Omeyer (1976 -): Born on November 2nd, 1976 in Mulhouse. Titular guard of the team of France of Handball. Crowned better guard of planet in 2006. World champion in 2001 and champion of Europe in 2006. It currently evolves/moves in the German club of Kiel.

; Pierre Probst (1913-2007): Draftsman for children, creator of the famous character of Caroline .

; Napoleon Henri Reber (1807-1880): A French type-setter.

; Auguste Scheurer-Kestner (1833-1899): Chemist and political personality, born on February 13rd, 1833 in Mulhouse. It will be one of the actors of the Affaire Dreyfus.

; the brothers Schlumpf - Hans Schlumpf (1904-1989) and Fritz Schlumpf (1906-1992): Industrial S of an empire of the Textile and Collector S of old Car S of prestige. (Quoted of the car)

; Christiane Scrivener (1925): political woman born in Mulhouse on September 1st, 1925.

; Jules Siegfried (1837-1922): French contractor and politician. He was mayor of the Havre then Commercial Minister, of Industry and of the Colonies (December 6th, 1892 at March 30th, 1893), he founds the company Siegfried Frères in Le Havre and Mulhouse, specialized in the trade of the Coton. It will become the cotton Company about 1870. As of the Years 1860, the company has a branch with Bombay. It will be at the origin of the creation of the National college of business of Mulhouse, founded in 1866 and the National college of business of Rouen and that of Le Havre which always exist.

; François Spoerry (1912-1999): Architect born in Mulhouse. It built Port-Cergy at Cergy-Pontoise, arranged the tower of Amiens carried out by Auguste Perret, built: the Turn of Europe in Mulhouse, Port-Grimaud in bay of Saint-Tropez, Oporto Cervo in Sardinia, Port-Louis in Louisiana, village of Bendinat with Palma-of-Majorque (Balearic Islands), Puerto Escondido in Mexico, Port-Freedom in bay of New York

; Jean starcky (1909 - 1988): military, directing chaplain of the French Institute of Archeology. It takes part in the deciphering and the interpretation of the " manuscripts of the Sea Morte". Officer of the Legion of Honor, Companion of the Release, Military Cross 39/45, Colonial Médaille with fasten " Libye" , " Tunisie" , Silver Star (the USA), Deserves Syrian

; Frank Ténot (1925-2004): Man of French press. He was at the origin with Filipacchi of the phenomenon “Salut the buddies” with the beginning of the year 1960, his activities went from the radio to the edition.

; Antoine Waechter (1949): French politician, born on February 11th, 1949 in Mulhouse (Haut-Rhin). Antoine Waechter was candidate with the presidency of the Republic (presidential election of 1988), supported by the Greens. In 1994, it leaves the Greens and founds the Movement independent ecologist.

; Alfred Werner (1866-1919): Mulhousian chemist, it received the Nobel Prize of chemistry in 1913 to have proposed a configuration octaédrale for the complexes of metals of transition. Werner developed the bases of the modern theory of the chemistry of coordination.

; William Wyler (1902-1981): William Wyler is born in Mulhouse, on July 1st, 1902, whereas Alsace is under German occupation. He is educated with Lausanne, before studying the Violon with the Academy of Paris. As from 1922, he works for the Universal studios, initially in the services of publicity, then as assistant of production. He is in particular known to have carried out Ben Hur.

; Christian Zuber (1930-2005): Born in 1930 in Mulhouse, died of a cancer on July 23rd, 2005 in Paris is a journalist, writer and film producer animalists. It had been made known in the Années 1970 and 1980 mainly thanks to its emissions Caméra with the fist on TF1. To make discover the world of the wild animals, it had made several times the round the world tour. It had bonds with Brigitte Bardot with which it was found in its engagements to protect the animals. He was also administrator of WWF France.

Famous residents

The Sport in Mulhouse

to develop

Events and demonstrations

  • Carnival of Mulhouse February/March
  • Regional Living room of the Camp-site (spring)
  • Crossed from Mulhouse to the stroke on 2 km (May 1st)
  • Fair Exposure (of the Rise at Pentecost)
  • Festival of the Car (at the beginning of July)
  • Festival Animals of Scene (Current musics in Noumatrouff July 12th, 13rd and 14th 2007)
  • Fair village fair (the last Saturday of July to 3rd Sunday of August)
  • Days of October (1st week of October)
  • Living room of the Antique dealers (October)
  • Saitas: Living room of the Large industry Is
  • Numtex: Forum of the textile impression
  • Jazz festival of Mulhouse

Gastronomical specialities

  • the Mannala: a kind of bread to milk in the shape of small catch for the Saint Nicolas's Day with a hot chocolate;

  • the Fleischschnacka S: a rolling up of paste with noodles and meat chopped in the snail shape, from where its name which means " Snail of Viande" (often remainders of the pot to fire in fact) cooked in a content of bubble;
  • Surlawerla: slice calf's liver jumped and nappée of a sauce containing shallot and red wine;
  • Lawerknapfla: quenelles of liver.

  • Melfor: It is about a spirit vinegar aromatized with honey and the plants used like condiment to season salads and crudenesses. Conceived by the Higy company, in Mulhouse, it did not exceed the borders of the Alsace-Moselle a long time.

Emblems

The wheel with mill of the blazon of the city is found on the logo of the Maritime company Delmas

Anecdotes

Underground river

The longest street of the city, the street of Sinne, would draw its name from an underground river which crosses it. It was used as joined ditch with the old ramparts and would have been filled then to extend the city.

Germans and the Street of the Savage

The Germans rename the Rue of the Savage, main artery commercial of Mulhouse, Adolf Hitlerstraße which means in German Rue Adolf Hitler . Mulhousians laughing under cape: Lastly, one knows the name of the savage! . Ridiculed German feeling decided to return its old name to the street and to rename the Place of the Meeting, symbol of the attachment in France, Adolf Hitlerplatz .

See too

References

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