Montlucon

Geography

Site

The town of Montlucon was established with the Moyen-âge on a defensive site, a rock piton established in a loop of the Cher.

Situation

The city is connected to Bézenet, Doyet and Montmarault by the Trunk road 371. It is located at a few kilometer of the highway A71 what places it at three hours of Paris. In the train (via Bourges or by non-stop trains), time is roughly the same one.

History

Gallo-Roman period

Establishment of a Roman fortress. (Octava-Augusta Legion.)

The Middle Ages

The first mention of a Monte Lucii goes back to XIe century. It is Guillaume, wire of Archambaud IV of Bourbon, which builds the castle. In XIVe century, Louis II of Bourbon rebuilds castle and ramparts.

Of XVIe century to the Revolution

The city is attached to the Crown of France in 1529, with the whole of the possessions of the constable of Bourbon. Henri IV fact of improving the ramparts.

Revolution at our days

Montlucon is initially chief town of district in 1791. It takes its rise with the Industrial revolution, profiting from the transportation routes (channel of Berry as from 1830, Railroad in 1864) and from the proximity of the coal mines of Commentry. The population passes from 5000 inhabitants in 1830 to 50.000 in 1950.

During the Second world war, the Germans occupied the factory of Dunlop (although the factory was in free Zone) to exploit the potential of laboratory, since this one had the capacity to manufacture synthetic Caoutchouc, the natural rubber not being able to be imported of Indonesia by the Nazis. The manufacture of tires planes for the Luftwaffe was also very interesting for the Germans.

This is why in the night from September 15th to 16th 1943, within the framework of missions aiming at destroying the industrial potential of Germany Nazi, and in particular his equipments production to fine soldiers, the allies decided to bombard the site. More than 300 bombers in ash the workshops of production and storage réduirent, as well as part of the town of Saint Victor. One counted 36 dead and more than 250 wounded.

Picturesque legends and characters

the small siren Ikea
the father Coulon
Odile of Montlucon ( castle of the bear )

Economy and transport

Economy

With the exhaustion of the coal mines, the city had to reconvert its traditional industries (Haut-fourneau X, glassmakings) to base its development on the chemistry, tire (factory Dunlop) and electronics (Sagem). Montlucon developed a pole of state-of-the-art technology with the Technopôle of Loue.

Montlucon is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Montlucon-Gannat Portes of Auvergne which manages the Aéroport of Montlucon Guéret which is with Lépaud.

Transport

Montlucon is with the confluence of four railway lines (of which three are in single track):

Paris - Vierzon - Bourges - Montlucon (better time from Paris: 3:08)
Montlucon - Lapeyrouse - Clermont Ferrand (two routes of Lapeyrouse with Clermont Ferrand: either via Volvic, or via Gannat for the majority of FOR THE THIRD TIME) the

Montlucon - Gueret - St Sulpice Lauriere - Limoges (axis Lyon - Bordeaux)
Montlucon - Eygurande-Merlines (on the line of Clermont Ferrand in Meymac, via Ussel)

The two last lines are rather slightly exploited.

Administration

|- | align=right| January 13rd 1835 || April 1st 1848 || Jean Jaladon de Labarre || - || - |- | align=right| April 1st 1848 || July 18th 1850 || Louis Guillaume Guay || - || Master of glassmaking |- | align=right| July 18th 1850 || July 30th 1852 || the Plonk ||-||Notary |- | align=right| July 30th 1852 || August 12th 1860 || Perrot Of Gozis || - || Prosecutor of the King |- | align=right| August 12th 1860 || September 7th 1868 || Alexandre Duchet || - || Director of the Glassmaking |- | align=right| September 7th 1868 || September 17th 1870 || Louis Ouvière || - || Banker, acknowledged |- | align=right| September 17th 1870 || February 18th 1872 || Joseph Chantemille || - || Trading |- | align=right| February 18th 1872 || March 1st 1874 || Pierre Renon || - || Lawyer |- | align=right| March 1st 1874 || April 3rd 1876 || Etienne Monanges || - || Lawyer |- | align=right| April 3rd 1876 || October 10th 1877 || Pierre Renon || - || Lawyer |- | align=right| October 10th 1877 || February 8th 1878 || Etienne Monanges || - || Lawyer |- | align=right| February 8th 1878 || December 19th 1878 || Pierre Renon || - || Lawyer |- | align=right| December 19th 1878 || May 20th 1888 || Joseph Chantemille || Republican opposed to the Empire || Trading |- | align=right| May 20th 1888 || May 15th 1892 || Gilbert Alexandre Dumas || Radical republican then Left radical||Notary |- | align=right| May 15th 1892 || January 8th 1899 || Jean Dormoy || working Party French ||Oil merchant |- | align=right| January 8th 1899 || July 13rd 1902 || Paul Constans || Republican and Socialist federation||Trading out of fabrics |- | align=right| July 13rd 1902 || May 15th 1904 || Alexandre Dormoy || Socialist||Restorer |- | align=right| May 15th 1904 || May 17th 1908 || Lucien Caillet || Republican party||Solicitor |- | align=right| May 17th 1908 || May 9th 1926 || Paul Constans || Socialist||Trading out of fabrics |- | align=right| May 9th 1926 || September 25th 1940 || Marx Dormoy || Socialist||Sales agent |- | align=right| September 25th 1940 || April 21st 1941 || Henri Cléret || - || Doctor |- | align=right| April 21st 1941 || August 25th 1944 || Raoul Méchain || - || - |- | align=right| August 25th 1944 || May 19th 1945 || François Carrias || Socialist||Representing out of liquors |- | align=right| May 19th 1945 || June 15th 1946 || Rene Ribière || Socialist||Journalist |- | align=right| June 15th 1946 || April 28th 1950 || Lucien Menut || Socialist || Lawyer |- | align=right| April 28th 1950 || June 11th 1950 || Georges Piquand || - ||Hospital doctor |- | align=right| June 11th 1950 || November 26th 1959 || Andre Southon || Socialist || Professor of history-geography |- | align=right| November 26th 1959 || May 8th 1972 || Negro Jean || Socialist || English professor |- | align=right| June 18th 1972 || March 13rd 1977 || Brown Maurice || List Socialiste||Lawyer |- | align=right| March 13rd 1977 || April 18th 1998 || Pierre Goldberg || Communist||Technician postal and telecommunications authorities |- | align=right| April 18th 1998 || March 18th 2001 || Jean-Claude Micouraud || Communist||Technician in heating |- | align=right| March 18th 2001 || March 16th 2008 || Daniel Duglery || Union for a Popular movement (UMP)||Director of company |}

Demography

Famous characters

Achilles Allier, historian of Bourbonnais
Marcelle Auclair, founder of the magazine SHE
Chub To combine it, appointed with Convention and Tribunat
Marx Dormoy, mayor, deputy, minister
Philippe Dufreigne, journalist with RMC Info and BFMTV
Kaolin, group rock'n'roll
Leonce de Lambertye, botanist
Andre Messager, type-setter
Pierre Miquel, historian
Gabrielle Caster hammer, actress
Gerard de Suresnes, radio operator organizer (died out at the hospital of Montlucon)
Audrey Tautou, actress
Roger Walkowiak, racing cyclist
Michel Corringe, singer, who passed there part of his youth
Louise Therese de Montaignac, declared nun Bienheureuse
its Exellence Jean Daniel Lafond,]
André Guy, regionalistic author
Georges Piquand (1876 - 1955), scholar montluçonnais
Christian Fazzino, world champion of game of bowls

Culture

Montlucon is classified town of art and history. (See the Learned society Friends of Montlucon)

Monuments

castle of the dukes of bourbons of 13th and 14th centuries (the museum of the popular musics shelters)
Notre-Dame church of the 15th century
Saint-Pierre church of the 12th century
Saint-Paul church of the 19th century
Holy-Therese church of the 20th century
Saint Martin's day church of the 20th century
church Holy-Jeanne d' Arc built in 1966
Temple of the Reformed Church of France (1888)
turn of the forging mills (or said molten tower) of the 12th century which shelters the head office of the Pays of the Valley of Montlucon and Expensive the
ramparts of the 12th century
house of the Twelve apostles 12th century
museum of the popular musics
Town hall of the 19th century
old vault Saint-Louis
passage of the deanery
castle of Louvière
Castle of Well-Sitted

Museums

castle of Louvière
museum of the Popular Musics

Cultural events

Carnival of the Ox-City
Fair-Expo with the Exhibition site
medieval Festival (did not take place in 2006 and 2007)

Education

IUT
Lycée Mrs. de Staël builds in 1967 by the architect Prix of Rome Jean Dubuisson
Lycée Paul Constans
Vocational school Maurice Guyot
Vocational school Albert Einstein
IFAG (Training institute with the businesses and management)

Green areas

park of the Islets
park Midsummer's Day
esplanade of the avenue Marx Dormoy
gardens Bréda
esplanade of the marshes
park of Louvière
gardens Wilson

Twinnings

Heraldic

Blasonnement brought back by the Large encyclopedic Larousse (1960):

“Of azure to the money castle, on a mountain of gold, the overcome whole of an of the same sun. ”

Malta-Brown, as for him, brought back in illustrated France (1882) two others Blasonnement S for the traditional weapons of the town of Montlucon:

1e) “Of azure, with a money castle made up of four turns, and a covered keep points some and posed on a gold mountain. ”

2e) “Of mouths, with a gold mountain, the bent chief of sand, responsible for a money lantern. ”

Anecdotes

a question put during the emission the Famous persons by an inhabitant of Montlucon gave place to one of most famous the Improvisation S of the team of Philippe Bouvard. It is learned there that the Nougat would be besides the speciality of the city which would be “the capital of the champagne, like all the Bordelais” . One speaks there also Vierge about Montlucon, “the only Virgin who appeared in the motor with a red light with two agents which did not believe” in it, etc

Of the time when the channel of Berry functioned and had a large port in Montlucon, the boats of the type berrichon which were manufactured there was named " molussons" by the marines, according to a practice of the profession which easily baptizes a type of boat of the name of the city or area, deformed possibly a little, in which it is originating.

External bonds

Official site of the town of Montlucon
Museum of the popular musics (installed with the old castle)
Learned society of history and archeology of the town of Montlucon installed with the Castle of Well-Sitted
Montlucon on the site of the national geographical Institute
Montlucon on the site of INSEE
Montlucon on the site of Quid
Localization of Montlucon on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Montlucon on Mapquest

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