Mohammed Daoud Khan

Mohammed Daoud Khan or Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan (July 18th 1909, Kabul - April 27th 1978). President of the Afghanistan (1973 - 1978); wire of Sardar Mohammad Aziz Khan; cousin of Mohammed Zaher Shah.

The Afghanistan became a republic following the coup d'etat of Sardar - prince - Mohammad Daud Khan the July 17th 1973. This coup d'etat applied a brutal brake at the political freedom of the constitutional period initiated by Mohammed Zaher Chah, the cousin which it succeeded.

Biography

The king Nadir Shah did it general major in 1932; he subsequently served as military commander several provinces and, from 1939 to 1947, directed the central forces armed with Kabul. In 1946, the Prime Minister Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan (his uncle) appointed it Minister for Defense. After a dissension with Mahmud Shah, it was sent to Paris as ambassador in 1948. It turned over in its country one year to be used later as Minister of Interior Department and directing Businesses of the provincial tribes. At this last station, it exacerbated the already existing argument between Afghanistan and the very new State which was the Pakistan, making constantly of vigorous advertisements of support for the autonomy of the province of the Pachtoun are, in the territories Pakistani.

In 1953, it seized the power of the hands of his uncle in a coup d'etat without bloodshed (the coup d'etat against his/her cousin and brother-in-law Zahir Shah took place on July 17th, 1973).

Daoud was Prime Minister of 1953 with 1963 (known under the name of the Daoud Decade), and tried to modernize and industrialize the country. In 1959, at the time of the celebration of the day of independence, it had even created a mini-revolution while appearing in public with top graded of the army and some other family members royal, accompanied by their nonbuckled wives and girls. Certain mollahs protested and was thrown in prison for treason (they had asked to reverse the government) and heresy (what is rather strong but corresponds to the fact that in the Moslem tradition, to attack a capacity and to lose, watch a divine sanction).

During its mandate of Prime Minister, it maintained the statute political of neutrality between the United States and the Soviet Union and openly supported Pachtounes in the confrontation of 1963 against Pakistan for the road control which made it possible its country to have an access to the sea. The conflict created an economic serious attack which forced it with the resignation. It was the main target of the constitutional law of 1964 which prevented any family member from exerting unspecified political or military station. With the support armed with the Soviet Union, it took the control of the country on July 17th, 1973. He proclaimed the République and autoproclama president.

Into its first cabinet of 1973, Daoud introduced seven members of the Communist party Parcham (the Flag).

July 22nd 1975 took place in the Panjshir the first revolt islamist, in which took part Burhanuddin Rabbani, Ahmad Shah Massoud and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. Men took the weapons in all North-East of the Afghanistan against the mode without God of Kabul and were crushed by the army won over to the Communists. Daoud tried well to take some distances with the parchami , and tried to improve its relations with the Iran, the Pakistan and the Saudi Arabia, but it needed the army and had the dependant fists until the communist coup d'etat of 1978.

After having turned the back on the Soviets in 1977, the latter offered a support military and financial with the Afghan democratic Popular party (PPDA) which organized a military putsch to reverse Daoud and killed it on April 27th, 1978, leaving a vacuum to the Afghan report heading which will contribute to the beginning of the war of Afghanistan.

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