Mikhaïl Lomonossov

Lomonossov leads directly here. For the geological formation, to see Dorsal Lomonossov .

---- Mikhaïl Lomonossov (Михаи́лВаси́льевичЛомоно́сов) (1711 - 1765) was historian, astronomer, speaker, painter, poet, navigator, linguist, musician… Man exalté, enthusiastic, in love with sciences and founder with the university with Moscow (which bears its name); Pouchkine says even him that it was the first university of Russia .

In 1731, Lomonossov leaves its village and goes to Moscow where it is registered at the slavo-gréco-Latin university while being made pass for a son of gentleman (the peasants did not have access to the studies). It succeeds admirably and a grant is offered to him in Germany. This stay learns to him much on versification: under the influence of German poetry, he concludes that the development of the Russian literature is impossible without reform of the language and the rules of versification. In 1739, with Freiberg, it writes its letters on the rules of Russian versification accompanied by an example, ode on the catch of Khotine .

Of agreement on the principle syllabo-tonic, he affirms that the worms can be binary or tertiary, of which the Dactyle. He mixes masculine rhymes and feminine rhymes. In 1741, it returns to Russia and is named professor of the Academy of Science of Saint-Pétersbourg.

In 1754 appears its Traité Russian grammar . According to Lomonossov, the Russian language has the splendor of Spanish, the promptness of French, the robustness of German, the softness of Italian, the whole enriched by the force by imagination and the concision by the Greek and Latin.

In 1755 is published its famous treaty On the utility of the books of church in which it poses the first stakes of the future literary Russian language (described by standards and grammatically correct):

it disadvises the use of foreign or cruel terms.
it preaches a return to the Russian language such as it was modelled.
it wants to keep the old ecclesiastical vocabulary but to avoid the obsolete words.

Its Théorie of the three styles is an attempt to standardize the Russian language:

the high style contains words of slavon of church and vernacular language and is intended for the heroic odes, tragedies, poems and speeches.
the average style contains words of slavon, is spoken by the nobility and is intended for the correspondence between scholars, with the dramaturgic parts, elegies and satires.
the low style contains words of the Russian language and is the language of the people, intended for the comedies and epigrams.

He is however the first to mix the three styles in his works.

All these theoretical studies are a democratic step, Lomonossov remains in the environment of the philosophy of the Lights, its dream is to raise Russia on the cultural level of the other nations of Europe. He writes also articles of scientific popularization, represented and adapts large poets of Antiquity and contemporaries.

With the arrival in 1762 of Catherine II with the capacity, Lomonossov fall into the lapse of memory and finishes its life in disgrace almost.

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