Messiah

Etymology

Hebraic Orginie of the word

Mashia' H (משיח) comes from the root מש " ח (MS' H), meaning " oiling of a man in oil of olive" , according to the habit. The first occurrence of oiling in the Text is in the Book of the Exodus (chapter 29) during the establishment of the priests: " You will take the oil of oiling, you will spread some on his head, and you it oindras."

In Latin

The Latin term missus , " envoyé" , a phonetic resemblance to that of " offers; messie" but of nothing corresponds to the same etymology.

Egyptian ms

Word ms appears in Egypt towards -3300. One finds it with many recoveries in the temples or the tombs dedicated to the kings then Pharaon S Egyptians with the notation " MSS" meaning " fils" or " garçon". It is the reading of the cartouche of Ramsès II (Râ ms) which made it possible Champollion to confirm its theory of the reading of the hiéroglyphes. This title is included in all the protocols which characterize the Egyptian Pharaons, like one of the five usual titles.

This Egyptian word, in spite of the phonetic resemblance, is not synonymous with " messie".

Moreover, several Egyptian sovereigns bear this name of " fils" , in the form " Mosis" , like Ahmosis or Thoutmosis. This name resembles that given to the child found on the bank of the the Nile: Mosis, Mosheh in Hebrew, English Moses and Brace in French.

However, the Bible seems to give another significance in the name of Moïse (Moshéh (mem, shin, He; and not mem, shin, shin): Exodus 2.10 " When it had grown, it brought it to the girl of Pharaon, and he was for it like a son. It gave him the name of Brace, because, she says, I withdrew it from the eaux."

Its name is more probably the contraction of Hebrew mechitihou: " I drew it from the eaux."

In the Judaism

to see Messiah in the Judaism

In the Jewish tradition, the Messiah is the king oint .

The Prophète S spoke about it during the Captivity about Babylon, referring to a king who would restore the kingdom and would release the Ground of Israel.

After the Exile of Babylon, Ezra, large priest of Jerusalem was charged to restore the Temple (and Judaism itself), while Zorobabel, of escendance davidic, was indicated governor of the province of Yehoud.

However, the goal of Persians not being to restore the independence of its provinces but only to restore their habits in order to make them more honest towards their Master, Zorobabel was promptly recalled to Babylon, and Messianic waiting related for some to a sacerdotal character.

At the first century, estimating that the Romains represented what there was the worst as regards national calamities of world width, the Jews interpreted prophecies of the Tanakh like referring to a person designated by God in order to lead the Jews. Moreover, Judaea was as disturbed politically as religieusement: different " sectes" (of which most important were the Sadducéens, the Pharisiens and the Esséniens) disputed the capacity as well as religious supremacy, both not being without bond.

In Tanakh

The concept of Messiah neither common, nor is unified in the Hebraic Bible. The Priests Jews, the Prophet S, and the King S were indicated in their office by oiling by means of Huile of holy oiling.

Tanakh contains a certain number (this number is prone to controversy) of prophecies concerning future going down from the King David who will be oint as leader of the people Juif, and indicated of this fact under the name of Melekh hamashia' H or simply mashia' h' .

Prophecies concerning this person refer to him like the descendant of King David, who will rebuild the nation of Israel, will bring peace in the world et/par the davidic restoration of the Royaume, will destroy the malicious ones and, finally, will judge the world.

The generally allowed comprehension of the Mashia' H by the Jews has little, if not nothing, to see with the Christian comprehension of the Christ . The subject is tackled front in the article on the Jewish Eschatologie.

Sights in the traditional Judaism and the contemporary Judaism

The opinions on the subject of the Messiah vary between the traditional Judaism and the contemporary Judaism.
Les ideas contained in the ic literature Talmud gives a report on two Messiahs, the Messie wire of Joseph and the Messie wire of David . In Hebrew, Ben generally designates the son, but it can apply to all the patrilineal descent, like the Arab ibn . The Messiah wire of David would come from Juda, which would reproduce the example of Caleb, descendant of Juda, and Josué, descendant of Ephraïm wire of Joseph.
Ben and AV can also have an allegorical direction, " with the manner de". For example, it is in the sense that Jubal is indicated like " father of the musiciens" , whereas humanity kainite perishes in the Déluge. There would be thus a " Messiah souffrant" , with the manner of Joseph and a " Messiah conquérant" with the manner of David .

Another rather common rabbinical interpretation is that each generation sees rising a potential Messiah . This interpretation is illustrated in Sanh. 98a:

Rabbi Yehoshoua Ben Levi, walking, met leant with the entry of a cave, the prophet Elie, at the place where Rabbi Shimon Bar Yo' haï was buried.
Il required of him: do I Have a share in the world to come?
Il (Elie) answered: if the Master wants it .
Il required of him then: Will Quand come the Messiah?
Il answered - Vas and requires of him .
Where will I find it? , enquit Rabbi.
With the door of Rome
And how I will recognize it?
It sat with the affected poor of all kinds of diseases. All demolish and remake their bandages in only time, but him, it make and remake its bandages, the ones after the others, by saying this: 'When I must bring the Delivery, it is not necessary that I would be delayed to remake all my bandages! '
Il (Rabbi Yehoshoua Ben Levi) thus went, and greeted it: Is What peace on you, my Master and professor
That peace is on you, wire of Levi (Ben Levi)
Quand will come you, Maître?
Today
A its return at Elie, Elie enquit: what does it have says you?
Peace on you, wire of Levi
By that, it ensured you, like with your father, a portion of the Monde to come .
It did not speak to me true, it said that it would come today, but it did not do it!
Il (Elie) answered him: It is what he said to you: today, if you hear His voice (Psalms 95:7)

If the orthodoxe Judaism and the Judaism " traditionaliste" believes in a Messiah " physique" to come to bring peace in the world, the Judaism reformed sign that there will be one era of peace, etc, and thus of the Messianic times, but not of Messiah: peace will come like result from the Tikkoun olam (" repair of the monde") realized by an collective effort towards the social justice and not the actions of only one man.

"Choice is the underlying reason the Reform Movement gave up the need for and belief in has judgment messiah who would one day bring, and perhaps salvation, to the world. The fact that God imbues custom with free choice mitigates the need for has messianic figure." (Schwartzman, 2004)

(faculty to choose is the reason underlying the abandonment by the Reformed Movement of the need and the belief in a Messiah who would bring one day the judgment. The fact that God imbués us free will limit the need for a Messianic figure.)

In Christianity

The arrival of a Messiah or " Oint" , that which receives the oiling, which is chosen by God, is announced many times in the Old Testament. Christianity connects these prophecies to Jesus-Christ in particular for the following examples.

The Christian recognized it in the person of Jesus Christ (the word Christ (gr. Χριστός, Christos , " the oint") of Mashia' H used in the Seventy of χριω " is a literal translation; to coat odorous oils and ointments, like one makes it after being oneself baigné" , -- Liddell & Scott' S Greek-English Lexicon ), Messie suffering (according to the christologic interpretation of Isaïe 52-53) of which " the Kingdom is not this monde". The majority of the occurrences carry Christos for Messie. Μεσσίας, Messias appears only twice in the New Testament: in the Gospel according to Jean 1:41 and 4:25.

On its birth

It is predicted that it is born with Bethlehem (Michée 5: 1), of an young girl (Isaïe 7: 14), that it would be called " God puissant" and " Father éternel" (Isaïe 9: 14) and would result from the line of the king David (Livre of the Psalms 89: 4).

The account of the Passion such that the Évangile S report it recuts with chapter 53 of the Livre of Isaïe

On its resurrection

She is also announced in Isaïe 53: 10: " After having delivered its life in sacrifice for the sin, he will see a posterity and will prolong his jours."

On its return at the end of times

In the Apocalypse:

19:11 Then I live the open sky, and here, appeared a white horse. That which assembled it calls Fidèle and True, and he judges and fights with justice.
19:12 Its eyes were like a flame of fire; on its head were several diadems; it had a written name, that nobody knows, if it is not itself;
19:13 and it was covered with a dyed clothing of blood. Its name is the Word of God .

In Islam

In Coran

In the Coran Jesus is called the Messiah. The word returns in 5 verses and perhaps 6:

4.171
4.172
5.17
5.72
5.75

The verse 3.45 seems also to say it, although that is not always translated thus into French.

Each time, it is as the occasion to recall as Jesus is not God, for example:

4.171. O people of the Book (Christian), do not exaggerate in your religion, and known as of Allah only the truth. The Jesus Messiah, wire of Marie, are only one Messenger of Allah, His word which He sent to Marie, and a breath (of life) coming from Him. Thus believe in Allah and Its messengers. And known as step “Three”. Cease! It will be better for you. Allah is only one God single. It is too glorious to have a child. It is with Him that all belongs that is in the skies and on the ground and Allah is enough like guard.

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