Maxime Gorki

Maxime Gorki (МаксимГорький), of his true name Alexis Maximovitch Pechkov (АлексейМаксимовичПешков) (March 28th March 16th in calendar Julien 1868 - June 14th 1936) is a Russian writer.

Biography

Orphan of father at the five years age, it is raised by his grandparent. The eight years age, it must give up the school to earn its living. During its difficult youth he exerts many trades. This period suggests the choice of its pseudonym to him - gorki means “bitter”, Russian “sourness” in - and inspires the part to him the Hollows (1902) and the novels: My life of child (1914), By gaining my bread (1915 - 1916) and My universities (1923). Its work will be marked by its life. It will gain a very powerful realism there, that Tchekhov, its elder eight years, of which he was the friend, underlined, when he wrote to him: “When you represent an object, you see it and palpate it. ”

As of 1903 it supports the Bolsheviks while being often in dissension with Lénine. Of 1921 with 1928 it lives in Italy for health reasons. Its return in the USSR in 1928 is still prone to some debate which joined those on the same personality and ambitions of the writer. There are those which affirmed like Alexandre Soljenitsyne, that this return was primarily justified for money reasons and others which see there a major attachment with the fatherland and its combat for the humanization of the people by the writing. It is accommodated triumphantly with a nomination by Stalin like chair Union of the Soviet writers and the medal about Lénine received in 1933. In spite of this dedication, it is constantly torn between its fidelity with the Bolchevism and its ideas on freedom essential to the artists. The assassination ordered by Stalin of Sergueï Kirov will give body to its criticisms against the mode. He dies of pneumonia the June 14th 1936. Without that not being yet really proven, it is possible that actually its doctor was paid by Stalin to assassinate it.

Works

the Barbarians (1905)

In 1905, Gorki written to the Barbarians , a part which tells the arrival, at the beginning of the 20th century, in a provincial town of the Engineer S in charge of the construction of a Railroad. This part, a kind of chronicle which shows people such as they are, in a rough state, does not have great a deal to see with the idea that one is usually made play - a fiction incarnated by characters - and was, so remained almost unknown. The French public on the occasion to discover it in 2003, when Patrick Pineau put it in scene at the Odéon, with Paris. The July 17th 2006, took place, in the Main courtyard of the Palais of the Popes, within the framework of the Festival of Avignon the first representation of the Barbares , put in scene by Eric Lacascade, which offers a kind of international recognition to an ignored part. During the year 2006-2007, this part will be presented in many national scenes of France.

the mother (1906)

Hosts of summer

a confession

In the people

In its honor

Its birthplace Nijni-Novgorod will be called Gorki of 1932 until 1990.
an automobile building firm, based with Gorki, Gorkovski Avtomobilny Zavod (GAS), preserved its name in spite of the name change of the city.
a park of Moscow bears its name.
a theater of Berlin (on Unter Den Linden, ex-Berlin-Is) bears its name

Simple: Maxim Gorky

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