Marshal of France

The maréchalat of France is the highest French military distinction. The title of Marshal of France, or Admiral de France - his equivalent for the sailors - constitutes a dignity in the State. During the studied time, France can count 329 of them.

Monarchical time

Marshal of France is a term formed from that of Maréchal. The function of Marshal of France was created by Philippe Auguste, towards 1190, for Albéric Clément.
At the next century, this function became one of the large offices of the Crown, appointing a military commander, subordinated to the Connétable. After the abolition of the office of constable by Richelieu in 1624, the marshals become the supreme leaders of the army. Sometimes the king creates a load of general Maréchal of the camps and armies of the king, whom he entrusts to most prestigious of his marshals. In addition to their military functions, the marshals have also the responsibility for the maintenance of law and order in the campaigns, via the provosts of the marshals, from where the nickname of “constabulary” whom one sometimes gives to the gendarmerie.
Until 1791, date of the abolition of this load, there were 257 Marshals of France.

Revolution, Empire, 19th century

The maréchalat is abolished by the Convention the February 21st 1793.
The Sénatus-consulte of May 18th, 1804 establishes marshals of Empire. Under the First Empire, one speaks, in any rigor of term, marshal of the French Empire .
With the Restoration, the marshals of Empire become Marshals of France.
The law of August 4th 1839 provides that the number of the Marshals of France east of six with more in times of peace and that it could be carried to twelve in time of war. When in times of peace manpower is in surplus of the lawful figure, it can however be made a promotion for three holidays. Under the Second Empire, Napoleon III does not change the title it. The Marshals of France become members of right of the Senate.
At the time of the Third Republic, the function being perceived like too dependant with the Empire, no Marshal of France is named before the Great War. The last marshal, Canrobert, die in 1895.

20th century

It is during the war of 1914-1918 that dignity is restored.
The last two Marshals of France were Alphonse Juin (1888-1967) and Marie Pierre Kœnig, died in 1970, which was named marshal on a purely posthumous basis in 1984.
Currently in France, as that was specified in the law of 1972, the title of admiral or Marshal of France, de France, constitutes a dignity in the State .
The maréchalat is thus a title and a dignity , not a rank. It is symbolized by 7 stars (against 5 stars for the rank more raised, General). The other symbol of the maréchalat is the Bâton of blue velvet strewn with star on which is written: " Terror belli, disappointed pacis " who means: Terror during the war, ornament for the time of peace.
There is no particular condition to be high with the dignity of Marshal of France. The habit requires that one order as a chief an army and obtained the victory; it is not necessary that this victory was carried over the national ground.
The title of Marshal of France is decreed not by a decree, but by a law voted at the Parliament like any other law. It is one of the rare examples of personal law . This is why Philippe Pétain, created Marshal of France in 1918, is remained marshal until his death in spite of national unworthiness and the deprivation of all its rights of which it was struck by the judgment of 1945. Indeed, a judge cannot go against a law. One can thus consider, in oneself, that the dignity of inamissible Marshal of France east , unless a contrary law is not voted, which is hardly conceivable.
It should be noted that there existed, until the 19th century, a dignity higher than that of Marshal: that of general Marshal of the camps and armies of the king.

Families

The maréchalat of France conferred to the families an illustration all the more appreciated since it was rare and corresponded to a real military value. Among the families which gave at least two marshals (or admirals), one finds:

Montmorency (12 marshals)

Durfort (5 marshals)

Choiseul (5 marshals)

Clement (4 marshals)

Thimble (4 marshals)

Gontaut-Biron (4 marshals)

Harcourt (4 marshals)

Broglie (3 marshals)

Coligny (3 marshals)

Créquy (3 marshals)

of Estrées (3 marshals)

Lévis (3 marshals)

Noailles (3 marshals)

Ornano (3 marshals)

Schomberg (3 marshals)

Aubusson (2 marshals)

Brienne (2 marshals)

Nompar de Caumont (2 marshals)

Fitz-James (2 marshals)

Franquetot (2 marshals)

Goyon (2 marshals)

Merry (2 marshals)

Chatre (2 marshals)

Marck (2 marshals)

the Tower of Auvergne (2 marshals)

Meingre (2 marshals)

Rieux (2 marshals)

Rohan (2 marshals)

Sancerre (2 marshals)

Trivulce (2 marshals)

Capétiens

6 marshals under Philippe {{Romanian|II|6}} '' Auguste '', of 1180 with 1223

Albéric Clement, (? † 1191), first Marshal of France in 1190

Guillaume de Bournel, (? † 1195), Marshal of France in 1192

Nivelon of Arras, (? † 1204), Marshal of France in 1202

Henry I {{er}} Clement, known as the “ Small marshal ”, lord of Mez and Nickel silver (1170 † 1214), Marshal of France in 1204

Jean III Clement, lord of Mez and Nickel silver (? † 1262), Marshal of France in 1214

Guillaume of the Small tower, (? †?), Marshal of France in 1220

8 marshals under Louis {{Romanian|IX|9}} '' Saint-Louis '', of 1226 with 1270

Ferry Pasté, lord of Challeranges (? † 1247), Marshal of France in 1240

Jean Guillaume de Beaumont, (? † 1257), Marshal of France in 1250

Gauthier III of Nemours, lord of Nemours (? † 1270), Marshal of France in 1257

Henri II Clement, lord of Mez and Nickel silver (? † 1265), Marshal of France in 1262

Héric de Beaujeu, (? † 1270), Marshal of France in 1265

Renaud de Précigny, (? † 1270), Marshal of France in 1265

Raoul II Sores, called of Estrée (? † 1282), Marshal of France in 1270

Lancelot de Saint-Maard, (? † 1278), Marshal of France in 1270

4 marshals under Philippe {{Romanian|III|3}} the '' Hardi '', of 1270 with 1285

Ferry of Verneuil, (? † 1283), Marshal of France in 1272

Guillaume V of the Nozzle Crespin, (? † 1283), Marshal of France in 1283

Jean II of Harcourt, the Valiant knight, Viscount of Châtellerault, lord d' Harcourt, (? † 1302), Marshal of France in 1283

Raoul V Flamenc, (? † 1287), Marshal of France in 1285

6 marshals under Philippe {{Romanian|IV|4}} the '' Bel '', of 1285 with 1314

Jean of Varennes, (? † 1292), Marshal of France in 1288

Simon of Melun, lord of the Magnifying glass and Marcheville (? † 1302), Marshal of France in 1290

Guy I {{er}} of Clermont de Nesle, (? † 1302), Marshal of France in 1292

Foulques de Merle, known as Foucaud, (? † 1314), Marshal of France in 1302

Miles X of Walnut trees, (? † 1350), Marshal of France in 1302

Jean of Corbeil, lord of Grez (? † 1318), Marshal of France in 1308

1 marshal under Louis {{Romanian|X|10}} '' Hutin '', of 1314 with 1316

Jean IV of Beaumont, known as Déramé (? † 1318), Marshal of France in 1315

3 marshals under Philippe {{Romanian|V|5}} '' Length '', of 1316 with 1322

Mathieu de Trie, (? † 1344), Marshal of France in 1318

Jean II of the Bars, (? †?), Marshal of France in 1318

Bernard VI of Moreuil, lord of Moreuil (? † 1350), Marshal of France in 1322

1 marshal under Charles {{Romanian|IV|4}} '' Beautiful the '', of 1322 with 1328

Robert VIII Bertrand de Bricquebec, baron de Briquebec, Viscount of Roncheville (° 1285 - † 1348), Marshal of France in 1325

Valois

5 marshals under Philippe {{Romanian|VI|6}} of '' Valois '', 1328 with 1350

Anseau de Joinville, (1265 - 1343), Marshal of France in 1339

Charles de Montmorency, lord de Montmorency (1325 - 1381), Marshal of France in 1344

Robert de Waurin, lord of Saint-Coming († 1360), Marshal of France in 1344

Guy II of Nesle, lord of Offémont and Mello († 1352), Marshal of France in 1345

Edouard de Beaujeu, (1316 - 1351), lord of Châteauneuf, Marshal of France in 1347

4 marshals under Jean {{Romanian|II|2}} '' the Good '', of 1350 with 1364

Arnoul d' Audrehem, lord d' Audeneham († 1370), Marshal of France in 1351

Rogues de Hangest, lord of Avesnecourt († 1352), Marshal of France in 1352

Jean de Clermont, lord of Chantilly and Beaumont († 1356), Marshal of France in 1352

Jean Ier Meingre says Boucicaut, called the Brave man (1310 - 1367), Marshal of France in 1356

2 marshals under Charles {{Romanian|V|5}} '' Wise the '', of 1364 with 1380

Jean IV of Mauquenchy, lord de Blainville († 1391), Marshal of France in 1368

Louis II of Sancerre, count de Sancerre (1342 - 1402), Marshal of France in 1369

9 marshals under Charles {{Romanian|VI|6}}, '' the Beloved '', of 1380 with 1422

Jean II Meingre says Boucicaut, (1366 - 1421), Marshal of France in 1391

Jean II of Rieux, lord of Rochefort and Rieux (1342 - 1417), Marshal of France in 1397

Pierre de Rieux, lord of Rochefort and Rieux (1389 - 1439), Marshal of France in 1417

Claude de Beauvoir, lord of Chastellux and Viscount of Avallon (1385 - 1453), Marshal of France in 1418

Jean de Villiers of Isle-Adam, (1384 - 1437), Marshal of France in 1418

Jacques de Montberon, lord of Engoumois († 1422), Marshal of France in 1418

Gilbert Motier of Fayette, (1396 - 1464), Marshal of France in 1421

Antoine de Vergy, († 1439), Marshal of France in 1422

Jean of the Balsam, count of Montrevel-in-Bresse († 1435 ), Marshal of France in 1422

6 marshals under Charles {{Romanian|VII|7}}, of 1422 with 1461

Gilbert III Motier of Fayette, fact Marshal of France on May 20th, 1421, after the battle of Wallow, by the dolphin future Charles VII

Amaury de Séverac, lord of Beaucaire and Heat-Acute († 1427), Marshal of France in 1424

Jean de Brosse, baron de Boussac and of Holy-Severe (1375 † 1433), Marshal of France in 1426

Gilles of Laval-Montmorency, “Marshal of Ray”, lord of Ingrande and Champtocé, (1404 † 25/10/1440), marshal from France in 1429

Andre de Lohéac, lord of Lohéac and Retz (1408 † 1486), Marshal of France in 1439

Philippe de Culant, lord of Jaloignes, Small cross, of Saint-Armand and Chalais († 1454), Marshal of France in 1441

Jean Poton de Xaintrailles, seneshal of the Limousin (1390 † 1461), Marshal of France in 1454

4 marshals under Louis {{Romanian|XI|11}}, of 1461 with 1483

Joachim Rouhault de Gamaches, lord of Boismenard († 1478), Marshal of France in 1461

Jean de Lescun, known as “the Bastard one of Armagnac”, count de Comminges († 1473), Marshal of France in 1461

Wolfart VI Van Borselleen, lord of Vère in Holland and count de Boucan in Scotland († 1487), Marshal of France in 1464

Pierre de Rohan de Gié, lord of Rohan (1450 - 1514), Marshal of France in 1476

2 marshals under Charles {{Romanian|VIII|8}}, of 1483 with 1498

Philippe de Crèvecœur d' Esquerdes, (1418 - 1494), Marshal of France in 1486

Jean de Baudricourt, lord of Choiseul and baillif of Chaumont († 1499), Marshal of France in 1486

Valois Orleans

4 marshals under Louis {{Romanian|XII|12}}, of 1498 with 1515

Jacques de Trivulce, born in (1448 - 1518), marquis de Vigevano, Marshal of France in 1499

Charles II of Amboise of Chaumont, born in (1473 - 1511), lord of Chaumont, Meillan and Charenton, Marshal of France in 1506

Odet de Foix de Lautrec, born in (1485 - 1528), Viscount of Lautrec, Marshal of France in 1511

Robert Stuart d' Aubigny, born in (1470 - 1544), count de Lennox, Marshal of France in 1514

Valois Angouleme

Eleven marshals created by between 1515 and 1544

Jacques de Chabannes, lord of Palice († 1525) in 1515

Gaspard I {{er}} of Coligny, lord of Châtillon († 1522) in 1516

Thomas de Foix-Lescun († 1525) in 1518

Anne I {{er}}, duke of Montmorency and Damville (1492 - 1567) in 1522. It became constable of France in 1538

Théodor Trivulce (1458 - 1531) in 1526

Robert III of Marck, duke of Bubble (1491 - 1537) in 1526

Claude d' Ailly, lord of Annebaut (1500 - 1552) in 1538

Rene de Montjean in 1538

Oudard of Biez († 1553) in 1542

Antoine de Lettes-Desprez, lord of Montpezat in 1544

Jean Caracciolo, prince de Melphes (1480 - 1550) in 1544

Five marshals created by Henri {{Romanian|II|2}}, of 1547 with 1559

Jacques d' Albon of Saint-Andrew, marquis de Fronsac († 1562

Robert IV of Marck, duke of Bubble and prince de Sedan (1520 - 1556), Marshal of France in 1547

Charles I {{er}} of Thimble, count de Brissac (1505 - 1563), Marshal of France in 1550

Pierre Strozzi, (1500 - 1558), Marshal of France in 1554

Paul of Barthe, lord of Thermal baths (1482 - 1558), Marshal of France in 1558

A marshal created by François {{Romanian|II|2}} in 1559

Francois, duke of Montmorency (1520 - 1563), Marshal of France in 1559

Seven marshals created by Charles IX, of 1560 with 1574

François de Scépeaux, lord of Vieilleville, (1509 - 1571), Marshal of France in 1562

Imbert of the Water-splash, lord of Bourdillon (1524 - 1567), Marshal of France in 1564

Henri I {{er}} of Montmorency, lord of Damville, duke of Montmorency, count de Dammartin and of Went, baron de Chateaubriant, lord of Chantilly and Ecouen (1534 - 1614), Marshal of France in 1566

Artus of Thimble-Brissac, lord of Gonnor and count de Secondigny († 1582), M.de.Fr in 1567

Gaspard de Saulx, lord of Tavannes (1509 - 1575), Marshal of France in 1570

Honorat II of Savoye, marquis de Villars († 1580), Marshal of France in 1571

Albert de Gondi, duke of Retz (1522 - 1602), Marshal of France in 1573

Seven marshals created by Henri {{Romanian|III|3}}, of 1574 with 1589

Roger I {{er}} of Saint Larry, lord of Bellegarde († 1579), Marshal of France in 1574

Blaise de Lasseran de Massencôme, lord of Montluc (1500 - 1577), Marshal of France in 1574

Louis Prévost de Sansac, baron de Sansac (1496 - 1576), Marshal of France

Arming with Gontaut, baron de Biron (1524 - 1592), Marshal of France in 1577

Jacques II of Goyon of Matignon, lord de Matignon and of Lesparre, count de Thorigny, prince de Mortagne on the Gironde (1525 - 1598), Marshal of France in 1579

Jean VI of Aumont, baron d' Estrabonne, count de Châteauroux († 1580), Marshal of France in 1579

Guillaume de Joyeuse, Viscount of Merry, lord of Saint-Didier, Laudun, Puyvert and of Arch (1520 - 1592), Marshal of France in 1582

Bourbons

Eleven marshals created by Henri {{Romanian|IV|4}} between 1592 and 1602

Henri of the Tower of Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne, then duke of Bubble (1555 - 1623) in 1592

Charles de Gontaut, duke of Biron (1562 - 1602) in 1594

Claude of Chatre, baron of Maisonfort (1536 - 1614) in 1594

Charles II of Thimble, duke of Brissac (1562 - 1621), Henri IV gave him the stick of Marshal of France

Jean de Montluc de Balagny, (1560 - 1603) in 1594

Jean III of Beaumanoir, marquis de Lavardin and count de Nègrepelisse (1551 - 1614) in 1595

Henri, duke of Merry (1567 - 1608) in 1595

Urbain of Montmorency-Laval, marquis de Sablé (1557 - 1629) in 1595

Alphonse d' Ornano, (1548 - 1610) in 1597

Guillaume de Hautemer, count of Grancey (1537 - 1613) in 1597

François de Bonne, duke of Lesdiguières (1543 - 1626) in 1608

Thirty-two marshals created by Louis {{Romanian|XIII|13}}, between 1613 with 1643

Concino Concini, marquis d' Ancre († 1617) in 1613

Gilles de Courtenvaux, marquis de Souvré (1540 - 1626) in 1614

Antoine, baron de Roquelaure (1560 - 1625) in 1614

Louis of Châtre, baron of Maisonfort († 1630)

Pons de Lauzières-Thémines - Cardaillac, marquis of Thémines, last lord of Gourdon in Quercy, viceroy of the Canada (1553 - 1627) in 1616

François of the Barn of Arquien, lord of Montigny and Séry in Berry (1554 - 1617) in 1616

Nicolas of Hospital, duke of Vitry (1581 - 1644) in 1617

Charles de Choiseul, count of Plessis-Praslin (1563 - 1626) in 1619

Jean François of Guiche, count of Palice (1569 - 1632) in 1619

Honore ofAlbert d' Ailly, duke of Chaulnes (1581 - 1649) in 1620

François d' Esparbes de Lussan, Viscount of Aubeterre (1628) in 1620

Charles de Créquy, prince de Poix, Duke of Lesdiguières (1578 - 1638) in 1621

Jacques de Caumont, duke of the Force (1551 - 1652) in 1621

Francois, marquis de Bassompierre (1579 - 1646) in 1622

Gaspard III of Coligny, duke of Châtillon (1584 - 1646) in 1622

Henri de Schomberg, count de Nanteuil (1574 - 1632) in 1625

Jean-Baptiste d' Ornano (1581 - 1626) in 1626

François Hannibal, duke of Estrées (v. 1573 - 1670) in 1626

Timoléon d' Epinay de Saint Luc (1580 - 1644) in 1627

Louis of Marillac, count of Beaumont-the-Roger (1572 - 1632) in 1629

Henri II, duke of Montmorency and Damville, also Admiral de France (1595 - 1632) in 1630

Jean of Saint-Bonnet, marquis de Toiras (1585 - 1636) in 1630

Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé, marquis d' Effiat (1581 - 1632) in 1631

Urbain de Maillé, marquis de Brézé (1597 - 1650) in 1632

Maximilien de Béthune, duke of Sully (1560 - 1641) in 1634

Charles de Schomberg, duke of Halluin (1601 - 1656) in 1637

Charles of the Door, marquis de Meilleraye (1602 - 1664) in 1639

Antoine III, duke of Gramont (1604 - 1678) in 1641

Jean-Baptiste Budes, count de Guébriant (1602 - 1643) in 1642

Philippe of Mothe-Houdancourt, duke of Cardone (1605 - 1657) in 1642

François of the Hospital, count de Rosnay (1583 - 1660) in 1643

Henri of the Tower of Auvergne-Bubble, Viscount of Turenne (1611 - 1675) in 1643

Fifty-three marshals created by Louis {{Romanian|XIV|14}} '' the sun king Soleil '', between 1643 and 1715

Jean, count de Gassion (1609 - 1647) in 1643

César, duke of Choiseul (1598 - 1675), Marshal of France in 1645

Josias, count de Rantzau (1609 - 1650), Marshal of France in 1645

Nicolas de Neufville, duke of Villeroy (1597 - 1685), Marshal of France in 1646

Gaspard IV of Coligny, duke of Coligny (1620 - 1649), Marshal of France in 1649

Antoine d' Aumont de Rochebaron, Duke of Aumont (1601 - 1669), Marshal of France in 1651

Jacques d' Étampes, marquis of Ferté-Imbert (1590 - 1663), Marshal of France in 1651

Henri, duke of Ferté-Senneterre (1600 - 1681), Marshal of France in 1651

Charles de Mouchy, marquis d' Hocquincourt (1599 - 1658), marshal from France in 1651

Jacques Rouxel, count de Grancey (1603 - 1680), Marshal of France in 1651

Armand Nompar de Caumont, duke of the Force (1582 - 1672), Marshal of France in 1652

Philippe de Clérambault, count of Palluau (1606 - 1665), Marshal of France in 1652

César Phoebus d' Albret, count de Miossens (1614 - 1676), Marshal of France in 1653

Louis of Foucault of Saint-Germain Bowsprit count of Daugnon (1616 - 1659), Marshal of France in 1653

Jean de Schulemberg, count de Montejeu (1597 - 1671), Marshal of France in 1658

Abraham de Fabert, marquis d' Esternay (1599 - 1662), Marshal of France in 1658

Jacques de Mauvisière, marquis de Castelnau (1620 - 1658), Marshal of France in 1658

Bernardin Gigault, marquis of Bellefonds (1630 - 1694), Marshal of France in 1668

François de Créquy, marquis de Marines (1620 - 1687), Marshal of France in 1668

Louis of Bursting, duke of Humières (1628 - 1694), Marshal of France in 1668

Godefroy d' Estrades, count d' Estrades (1607 - 1686), Marshal of France in 1675

Philippe de Montaut-Bénac, duke of Navailles (1619 - 1684), Marshal of France in 1675

Armand-Frederic de Schomberg, duke of Schomberg (1616 - 1690), Marshal of France in 1675

Jacques Henri de Durfort, duke of Lasted (1625 - 1704), Marshal of France in 1675

François d' Aubusson, duke of Feuillade (1625 - 1691), Marshal of France in 1675

Louis Victor de Rochechouart, duke of Mortemart '' the Marshal of Vivonne '' (1636 - 1688), Marshal of France in 1675

François-Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duke of Piney-Luxembourg (1628 - 1695), Marshal of France in 1675

Henri Louis d' Aloigny, marquis de Rochefort (1636 - 1676), Marshal of France in 1675

Guy de Durfort, duke of Lorges (1630 - 1702), Marshal of France in 1676

Jean II, count d' Estrées 1624 - 1707), Marshal of France in 1681

Claude de Choiseul, marquis de Francières (1632 - 1711), Marshal of France in 1693

Jean Armand of Merry, marquis de Grandpré (1632 - 1710), Marshal of France in 1693

François de Neufville, duke of Villeroy (1644 - 1730), Marshal of France in 1693

Louis Francois, duke of Boufflers (1664 - 1711), Marshal of France in 1693

Anne Hilarion of Costentin, count de Tourville (1642 - 1701), Marshal of France in 1693

Anne Jules, duke of Noailles (1650 - 1708), Marshal of France in 1693

Nicolas Catinat, lord of Saint-Gracien '' the marshal Catinat '' (1637 - 1712), Marshal of France in 1693

Claude Louis Hector, duke of Villars (1653 - 1734), Marshal of France in 1702, general Marshal of the camps and armies of king in 1733

Christmas Button, marquis de Chamilly (1636 - 1715), Marshal of France in 1703

Victor Marie, duke of Estrées (1660 - 1737), Marshal of France in 1703

François Louis Rousselet, marquis of Castle-Renault (1637 - 1716), Marshal of France in 1703

Sebastien Prestre, marquis de Vauban (1633 - 1707), Marshal of France in 1703

Conrad, marquis de Rosen (1628 - 1715), Marshal of France in 1703

Nicolas Trawl-net of Corn, marquis d' Huxelles (1652 - 1730), Marshal of France in 1703

Rene de Froulay, count de Tessé (1651 - 1725), Marshal of France in 1703

Camille, duke of Hostun (1652 - 1728), Marshal of France in 1703

Nicolas Auguste of the Balsam, marquis de Montrevel (1636 - 1716), Marshal of France in 1703

Henry, duke of Harcourt (1654 - 1718), Marshal of France in 1703

Ferdinand, count de Marcin (1656 - 1706), Marshal of France in 1703

Jacques Fitz-James, duke of Fitz-James and Berwick (1670 - 1734), Marshal of France in 1706

Charles Auguste Goÿon, count de Matignon (1647 - 1729), Marshal of France in 1708

Jacques de Bazin, marquis de Bezons (1645 - 1733), Marshal of France in 1709

Pierre de Montesquiou, count d' Artagnan (1645 - 1725), Marshal of France in 1709 N.B.: is not celebrates it of Artagnan, just a distant relative

Forty-nine marshals created by Louis {{Romanian|XV|15}} of 1715 with 1774

Victor Maurice, count de Broglie (1646 - 1727), Marshal of France in 1724

Antoine Gaston, duke of Roquelaure (1656 - 1738), Marshal of France in 1724

Jacques Rouxel, count de Grancey and of Médavy (1655 - 1725), Marshal of France in 1724

Léonor of Maine, count of the Borough (1655 - 1739), Marshal of France in 1724

Yves, marquis ofAlegre (1653 - 1733), Marshal of France in 1724

Louis d' Aubusson, duke of Feuillade (1673 - 1725), Marshal of France in 1724

Antoine V, duke of Gramont (1671 - 1725), Marshal of France in 1724

Alain Emmanuel, marquis de Coëtlogon (1646 - 1730), Marshal of France in 1730

Charles de Gontaut, duke of Biron (1663 - 1756 ), Marshal of France in 1734

Jacques de Chastenet, marquis de Puységur (1656 - 1743), Marshal of France in 1734

Claude Bidal, marquis d' Asfeld (1665 - 1743), Marshal of France in 1734

Adrien, duke of Noailles (1678 - 1766), Marshal of France in 1734

Christian Louis of Montmorency-Luxembourg, prince de Tingry (1713 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1734

François Marie, count then duke of Broglie (1671 - 1745), Marshal of France in 1734

François de Franquetot, duke of Coigny (1670 - 1759), Marshal of France in 1734

Charles, duke of Lévis-Charlus (1669 - 1734), Marshal of France in 1734

Louis de Brancas de Forcalquier, marquis de Céreste (1671 - 1750), Marshal of France in 1740

Louis Auguste of Albert ofAilly, duke of Chaulnes (1675 - 1744), Marshal of France in 1741

Louis Armand de Brichanteau, duke of Nangis (1682 - 1742), Marshal of France in 1741

Louis of Ghent de Mérode de Montmorency, prince d' Isenghien (1678 - 1762), Marshal of France in 1741

Jean-Baptiste de Durfort, duke of Lasted (1684 - 1778), Marshal of France in 1741

Jean-Baptiste Desmarets, marquis of Maillebois (1682 - 1762), Marshal of France in 1741

Charles Fouquet, duke of Beautiful-Isle, known as the marshal of Beautiful-Isle (1684 - 1762), Marshal of France in 1741

Hermann Maurice, count de Saxe, known as the marshal of Saxony (1696 - 1750), Marshal of France in 1741, general Marshal of the camps and armies of the king in 1747

Jean-Baptiste Andrault, marquis de Maulévrier (1677 - 1754), Marshal of France in 1745

Claude Testu, marquis de Balincourt (1680 - 1770), Marshal of France in 1746

Philippe Charles, marquis of Fare (1687 - 1752), Marshal of France in 1746

Francois, duke of Harcourt (1689 - 1750), Marshal of France in 1746

Guy, count of Monmorency-Laval (1677 - 1751), Marshal of France in 1747

Gaspard of Clermont-Thunder, duke of Clermont-Thunder 1688 - 1781, Marshal of France in 1747

Louis Claude, marquis of Mothe-Houdancourt (1687 - 1755), Marshal of France in 1747

Ulrich Frederic Woldemar, count de Lowendal (1700 - 1755), Marshal of France in 1747

Louis of Plessis, duke of Richelieu (1696 - 1788), Marshal of France in 1748

Jean de Fay, marquis of the Turn-Maubourg ( 1684 - 1764), Marshal of France in 1757

Louis Antoine de Gontaut-Biron (1701 - 1788), Marshal of France in 1757

Daniel François de Gélas of Let us voice Ambers, Viscount of Lautrec (1686 - 1762), Marshal of France in 1757

Charles François Frederic de Montmorency, duke of Piney-Luxembourg (1702 - 1764), Marshal of France in 1757

Louis Tellier, duke of Estrées (1695 - 1771), Marshal of France in 1757

Jean Charles of Ferté, marquis of Ferté Senneterre (1685 - 1770), Marshal of France in 1757

Charles O' Brien de Thomond, Count de Thomond and of Clare (1699 - ?), Marshal of France in 1757

Gaston de Lévis, duke of Mirepoix (1699 - 1758), Marshal of France in 1757

Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny, (1689 - 1778), Marshal of France in 1758

Hubert de Brienne, count de Conflans (1690 - 1777), Marshal of France in 1758

Louis Georges, marquis de Contades, (1704 - 1795), Marshal of France in 1758

Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise (1715 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1758

Victor-François, duke of Broglie (1718 † 1804), Marshal of France in 1759

Guy Michel de Durfort de Lorge, duke of Randan (1704 - 1773), Marshal of France in 1768

Louis de Brienne de Conflans, marquis d' Armentières (1711 - 1774), Marshal of France in 1768

Jean de Cossé, duke of Brissac (1698 - 1780), Marshal of France in 1768

Twenty marshals created by Louis {{Romanian|XVI|16}}, of 1774 with 1792

Anne Pierre, duke of Harcourt (1701 - 1783), Marshal of France in 1775

Louis, duke of Noailles (1713 - 1793), Marshal of France in 1775

Antoine, count de Nicolaï (1712 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1775

Charles, duke of Fitz-James (1712 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1775

Philippe, duke of Mouchy (1715 - 1794), Marshal of France in 1775

Emmanuel de Durfort, duke of Lasted (1715 - 1789), Marshal of France in 1775

Louis Nicolas Victor of Felix d' Ollières, count of Muy (1711 - 1775), Marshal of France in 1775

Claude, count of Saint-Germain (1707 - 1778), Marshal of France in 1775

Guy de Montmorency, duke of Laval (1723 - 1798), marshal from France in 1783

Augustin, count de Mailly (1708 - 1794), Marshal of France in 1783

Henri Bouchard de Lussan, marquis d' Aubeterre (1714 - 1788), Marshal of France in 1783

Charles Juste of Beauvau-Craon, prince de Beauvau (1720 - 1793), Marshal of France in 1783

No5el Jourda de Vaux, count de Vaux (1705 - 1788), Marshal of France in 1783

Philippe, marquis de Ségur (1724 - 1801), Marshal of France in 1783

Jacques de Choiseul-Stainville, count de Choiseul (1727 - 1789), Marshal of France in 1783

Charles of the Cross, marquis de Castries (1727 - 1800), Marshal of France in 1783

Anne Emmanuel, duke of Croÿ (1718 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1783

Francois, duke of Lévis (1719 - 1787), Marshal of France in 1783

Nicolas de Luckner, (1722 - 1794), Marshal of France in 1791

Jean Marie Donatien de Vimeur de Rochambeau (1725 - 1807), Marshal of France in 1791

First Empire

Twenty-six marshals under, of 1804 with 1814

They gave their names to the Boulevards of the marshals, boulevard circular surrounding Paris inside the fortifications.

Louis Alexandre Berthier, prince de Neufchatel and of Wagram, duke of Valengin. (1753 - 1815), marshal of Empire in 1804

Joachim Murat, prince d' Empire, large-duke of Clèves and Berg, king de Naples under the name of Joachim-Napoleon in 1808 (1767 - 1815), marshal of Empire in 1804

Good Adrien Jeannot de Moncey, duke of Conégliano (1754 - 1842), marshal of Empire in 1804

Jean-Baptiste count Jourdan, (1762 - 1833), marshal of Empire in 1804

Andre Masséna , duke of Rivoli, prince d' Essling (1758 - 1817), marshal of Empire in 1804

Pierre Augereau, duke of Castiglione (1757 - 1816), marshal of Empire in 1804

Jean Baptist Jules Bernadotte, prince de Pontecorvo, king de Suède and of Norway under the name of Charles XIV in 1818 (1763 - 1844), marshal of Empire in 1804

Guillaume count Brune, (1763 - 1815), marshal of Empire in 1804

Nicolas Jean-of-God Soult, duke of Dalmatie (1769 - 1851), marshal of Empire in 1804, general Marshal of the camps and armies of the king in 1847

Jean Lannes, duke of Montebello (1769 - 1809), marshal of Empire in 1804

Adolphe Edouard Casimir Joseph Mortar, duke of Trévise (1768 - 1835), marshal of Empire in 1804

Michel Ney, duke of Elchingen, prince of Moskowa (1769 - 1815 ), marshal of Empire in 1804

Louis Nicolas Davout, duke of Auerstaedt, prince d' Eckmühl (1770 - 1823), marshal of Empire in 1804

Jean-Baptiste Bessières, duke of Istrie (1768 - 1813), marshal of Empire in 1804

François Christophe Kellermann, duke of Valmy (1735 - 1820), marshal of Empire in 1804

François Joseph Lefebvre, duke of Dantzig (1755 - 1820), marshal of Empire in 1804

Catherine Dominique de Pérignon, marquis de Pérignon (1754 - 1818), Marshal of France in 1804

Jean Mathieu Philibert count Sérurier, (1742 - 1819), marshal of Empire in 1804

Claude Victor-Perrin, known as “Victor”, duke of Bellune (1764 - 1841), marshal of Empire in 1807

Etienne Jacques Joseph Macdonald, duke of Tarente (1765 - 1840), marshal of Empire in 1809

Nicolas Charles Oudinot, duke of Reggio (1767 - 1847), Marshal of France in 1809

Auguste Frederic Louis Viesse de Marmont, duke of Raguse (1774 - 1852), marshal of Empire in 1809

Louis Gabriel Suchet, duke of Albufera (1770 - 1826), marshal of Empire in 1811

Laurent de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, marquis de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr (1764 - 1830), marshal of Empire in 1812

Joseph Poniatowski, prince Poniatowski (1763 - 1813), marshal of Empire in 1813

Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy (1766 - 1847), marshal of Empire in 1815

The Second Restoration (1815-1830)

Six marshals created by Louis {{Romanian|XVIII|18}}, between 1816 with 1823

François-Henri de Franquetot, duke of Coigny, (1737 - 1821) in 1816

Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke, duke of Feltre (1765 - 1818) in 1816

Pierre Riel, marquis de Beurnonville, (1752 - 1821) in 1816

Charles of Houx, marquis de Viomesnil (1734 - 1827) in 1816

Jacques Law, marquis de Lauriston (1768 - 1828) in 1823

Gabriel, count Molitor (1770 - 1849) in 1823

Three marshals created by Charles {{Romanian|X|10}}, between 1827 and 1830

Louis Aloy de Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein, (1765 - 1829), Marshal of France in 1827

Nicolas, marquis Maison (1771 - 1840), Marshal of France in 1829

Louis de Ghaisne, count de Bourmont (1773 - 1846), Marshal of France in 1830

The Monarchy of July

Ten marshals under Louis-Philippe {{Romanian|I|1}} {{er}}, of 1830 with 1848

Maurice-Etienne Gerard (1773 - 1852), Marshal of France in 1830

Bertrand, count Clauzel (1772 - 1842), Marshal of France in 1831

Emmanuel, marquis de Grouchy (1766 - 1847), Marshal of France in 1831

Georges Sheep, count de Lobau (1770 - 1838), Marshal of France in 1831

Sylvain Charles, count Valée (1773 - 1846), Marshal of France in 1837

François Horace Sébastiani (1772 - 1851), Marshal of France in 1840

Jean-Baptiste, count Drouet d' Erlon (1765 - 1844), Marshal of France in 1843

Thomas Bugeaud, marquis of Piconnerie, duke of Isly (1784 - 1849), Marshal of France in 1843

Honore, count Reille (1775 - 1860), Marshal of France in 1847

Guillaume Dode, Viscount of Brunerie, (1775 - 1851), Marshal of France in 1847

II|2 II|2 E Republic

Seven marshals under Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte ('' Napoleon III ''), president of the Republic of 1848 with 1852

Jerome Bonaparte, former king of Westphalia (1784 - 1860), Marshal of France in 1850

count Exelmans, (1775 - 1852), Marshal of France in 1851

Jean Isidore, count Harispe, (1768 - 1855), Marshal of France in 1851

Jean-Baptiste, count Vaillant, 1790 - 1872), Marshal of France in 1851

Achilles Armand Jacques Roy of Saint-Arnaud, ( 1798 - 1854), Marshal of France in 1852

Bernard Pierre Magnan, (1791 - 1865), Marshal of France in 1852

Spirit Victor Boniface, marquis de Castellane, (1788 - 1862), Marshal of France in 1852

Second Empire

Twelve marshals under Napoleon {{Romanian|III|3}} emperor, of 1852 with 1870

Achilles, count Baraguey d' Hilliers, (1795 - 1878), Marshal of France in 1854

Pleasant Pélissier, duke of Malakoff (1794 - 1864), Marshal of France in 1855

Jacques Louis César, count Randon, (1795 - 1871), Marshal of France in 1856

Unquestionable François of Canrobert, (1809 - 1895), Marshal of France in 1856

Pierre Joseph François Thicket, ( 1810 - 1861), Marshal of France in 1856

Patrice, count de Mac Mahon, duke of Magenta, (1809 - 1893), Marshal of France in 1859

Auguste Michel Etienne, count Regnault of Saint-Jean-D' Angély, (1794 - 1870), Marshal of France in 1859

Adolphe Niel, (1802 - 1869), Marshal of France in 1859

Philippe Antoine, count d' Ornano, (1784 - 1863), Marshal of France in 1861

Élie Frederic Forey, (1804 - 1872), Marshal of France in 1863

François Achilles Bazaine, (1811 - 1888), Marshal of France in 1864

Edmond the Ox, (1809 - 1888), Marshal of France in 1870

III|3 III|3 E Republic

Three marshals under Raymond Poincaré, of 1913 with 1920

Joseph Joffre, (1852 - 1931), Marshal of France in 1916

Ferdinand Foch, (1851 - 1929), Marshal of France in 1918

Philippe Pétain, (1856 - 1951), Marshal of France in 1918

Five marshals under Alexandre Millerand, of 1920 with 1924

Joseph Simon Gallieni, (1849 - 1916), Marshal of France in 1921 ( on a purely posthumous basis )

Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey, (1854 - 1934), Marshal of France in 1921

Louis Felix Marie François Franchet d' Esperey, (1856 - 1942), Marshal of France in 1921

Marie Emile Fayolle, (1852 - 1928), Marshal of France in 1921

Michel Joseph Maunoury , (1847 - 1923), Marshal of France in 1923 ( on a purely posthumous basis )

IV|4 IV|4 E Republic

Three marshals under Vincent Auriol, of 1947 with 1954

Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, (1889 - 1952), Marshal of France in 1952 ( on a purely posthumous basis )

Philippe François Marie de Hauteclocque, general Leclerc (1902 - 1947), Marshal of France in 1952 ( on a purely posthumous basis )

Alphonse Juin, (1888 - 1967), Marshal of France in 1952

V|5 V|5 E Republic

A marshal under François Mitterrand, of 1981 with 1995

Marie Pierre Kœnig (1898 - 1970) Marshal of France in 1984 ( on a purely posthumous basis )

See too

Related article

Marshals of Empire

External bonds
marshal

Remarkable work on the Constables & the Marshals of France

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