Maringues

Maringues is a common French, located in the department of the Puy-de-Dôme and the area Auvergne.

Geography

The canton of Maringues is located in full heart of Limagne and gathers four communes (Joze, Maringues, Limons, Luzillat). It is located in a valley on a terrace of Morge, small river which crosses the borough of Maringues.

Localities and variations

Communes bordering

in the canton of Maringues :
Joze and Luzillat;
in the Canton of Lezoux (district of Thiers) :
Bursting-Laveine;
in the Canton of Ennezat (District of Riom) :
Saint-Ignat and Saint-Laure;
in the Canton of Randan (district of Riom) :
Saint-Andre-the-Cock.

History

The area was populated very early since one discovered two prehistoric sites then traces of Roman occupation.

Indeed To combine it is very close and of this fact Maringues has a privileged situation. As of the Early middle ages, the Allier river is a lane between the South and the Paris region like between Auvergne and the Atlantic coast. River circulation is important there and of many products circulate (wood, wines, coals, leathers,…).

The appearance of Maringues is certain in 1050 with the foundation of a priory by Robert de Turlande. At that time Maringues was the chief town of the grounds of Montgascon and obtained a charter of frankness in 1225, charter renewed and ratified in XIV^ème. The city was surrounded by 2 enclosures of fortifications: a first built around the church and including the castle-extremely of the city, and a second, later, built in 1443 and whose layout is still visible today.

The Middle Ages mark the apogee of the craft industry of the tanneries (which existed since the Roman epoch), which becomes the second economic pole of the city. The town of Maringues and its edges of Morge are characteristic of this craft industry.

In XVI^ème the city grows rich: the fairs multiply and the commercial exchanges develop, making of Maringues the second commercial place of Auvergne, after Montferrand. In 1556 the city accepted the king Charles IX going to Bridge-of-Castle and in 1558 it became one of the Thirteen Good Towns of Auvergne.

But XVI^ème was also marked by the wars of religion and the city became not very sure. Protestantism settled early in Maringues and involved quarrels and revenges on behalf of the two camps. It is the Edict of Nantes into 1598 which brought back peace and allowed the creation of a sermon protesting Maringues. With the revocation of the Edict in 1685 the Protestant families of Maringues convert themselves or emigrate into Germany. Much of them emigrated in Kelze and the two cities are twinned today.

In XVII^ème century, after the Revocation, a convent of Récollets settles Maringues (1613) and a convent of the Ursulines joined it in 1661. However, the city declines because the port is transferred elsewhere and the caravans coming from the South do not stop there more (preferring Bridge-of-Castle). In addition, the craft industry of the tanneries, which until there went well, declines. Indeed, a tax is imposed on leathers and a commercial treaty passed with England in 1786, all this contributing to make péricliter this craft industry. The tanneries remained however prosperous until 1860 (still an about sixty) and disappear with the First World War.

Today the craft industry of the tanneries disappeared but the market with the poultries and the rabbits which is held Mondays mornings is most important of France and fixed the course of these products.

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

Church Notre-Dame

The church of Maringues exists in 1050 on arrival of the monks of Chair-God but one does not know when it had been built. It was initially dedicated to Saint-Etienne then changed term in XI^ème. The monks of coming Chair-God with Maringues settled in a priory rested by Robert de Turlande in 1050 and who was located between the current church and the coast of Vernelle at north. The monks dedicating their life with the worship of the Virgin Mary the church was dedicated to him.

It is known that before 1050 the church comprised a surmounted porch of a bell-tower as well as a nave. From 1177 the monks increase the church. The news will have two functions: priorale and parochial.

The church was modified on several occasions but there remains Romance church, then Gothic, the porch with gate, the nave, the transept, the chorus with déambulatoire and the three radiating chapels as well as a hemispherical cupola.

To XVII^ème of the vaults were added and in XIX^ème the current bell-tower is built (stone of Volvic).

The church is currently in restoration and one discovered inside the frescos of XI^ème century.

Convent of Ursulines

The convent of the Ursulines of Maringues shelters today the Town hall and certain parts are always characteristic of this religious architecture (arcades in particular). Ursulines coming from Thiers settled in Maringues in 1666. Their missions was to inform and educate the young girls. It was an important convent which sheltered 33 nuns, 108 boarders and 200 external.

The construction of the convent began in 1661 and continued until 1700. It was built with materials of the castle of Montgascon, destroyed in 1632 on order of Richelieu.

The convent comprised several buildings: visiting rooms, home, a church, a barn and a vault which opened all on a decorated central court of gardens. The principal building rises on two stages covered in groined vaults. The ground floor was a rythmée gallery of arcades in semicircular arch always visible today.

The convent was sold after the Revolution, in 1791, and was separated in batches yielded to the city. The work completed by Claude François Marie Attiret allowed a refitting between 1809 and 1810.

Houses with wood sides

One can see in Maringues several houses with wood sides dating from XIV^ème, XV^ème and XVI^ème centuries. One uses there cob, very widespread in Limagne, and wood in frontage. These houses mark the emergence of a new social class made up of middle-class rich person. The houses with wood sides disappear starting from XVI^ème where one prohibits their construction for safety reasons. Several of them are registered or classified Historic buildings. One of them has modillons stone carved representing the 7 capital Sins. Another present of the corbellings forming a decoration of cross of Saint-Andrew and rafters.

Hotel of the Dukes of Bubble

This hotel was property of the family of the Tower of Auvergne until 1684 then changed owner and was given to the city in 1991. It shelters today the media library and ets registers with the inventory of the Historic buildings.

Its construction goes back to XV^ème and XVI^ème centuries but of many modifications (repairing of the frontage) was brought to XVII^ème century. The principal frontage is out of stone of size of andesite as well as the framings of the openings and the chains of angle. One can see at the ground floor a door in semicircular arch with carved embossing. Above a buttress of angle a round turret in corbelling is covered by a circular stone dome of size of andesite. The lower part of the base is carved of a head of cherub chubby-checked fellow between two wings.

Hotel Grimadias or Dumas de Vault

This private mansion was built in 1782 for the family Grimadias de Vault by the Deval architect. The frontage is out of stone of Volvic. The interior is richly decorated.

Corn exchange

To combine being very close the trade quickly developed in Maringues. The market is the economic pole of the city. The current market was built on the site of a market of the Middle Ages destroyed in 1848. It was built in 1855 on a drawing of the architect clermontois Imbert and it was finished in 1856. It is characteristic of the markets of this time, built out of glass and iron. The frame is out of metal and comprises a canopy and a marchioness is leant with the one on the sides.

Inside and outside several dates mark the celebrations of the centenaries and bicentenaries of the French revolution. A fresco inspired of " Freedom guiding the peuple" of Delacroix was painted by a local artist Louis Chauffour in 1989.

the tanneries

The craft industry of the tanneries being prosperous with Maringues one can still see today many tanneries along Morge. The majority are with the abandonment and in ruins but two of them were remade.

The existence of the tanneries with Maringues is certain since XIII^ème. The tanneries of Maringues were in fact of the tawings: one treated with it small skins (sheep primarily). The last tannery closed its doors in 1920.

the Large tannery

The named tannery " Large tannerie" was entirely restored. It dates from XVI^ème/XVII^ème centuries and functioned at least until 1879 and is registered with the inventory of the Historic buildings.

It rises on four levels, like the majority of the tanneries. The first level is called " rez-of-Morge" (of the name of the river) and is used to prepare the skins (to dewool, flesh, époiler,…). The second level is intended for the preparation and with the storage of the skins and the third level is the habitat of the workman tanner. The last level is used for drying of the skins and is often out of wood.

the Tannery Grandval

This tannery bears the name of one of its owners and was probably built in XVI^ème. It sheltered a tanner (which one still sees the workshop and the dwelling), wax-producing (which one also sees the workshop) and today the Museum of the tanneries.

Personalities related to the commune

Strong Donkey-Lafarge

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