Marguerite Duras

See also: Lasted

Marguerite Duras , pseudonym of the writer and French playwright, born Marguerite , German , Marie, Donnadieu , the April 4th 1914 with Gia Dinh, close to Saigon in Indo-China. Died the March 3rd 1996 with Paris, its work is characterized by diversity from its activities. It renewed the romantic kind and hustled theatrical and cinematographic conventions like dialogist, Scénariste and Réalisatrice.

Colonial childhood

His/her parents went voluntary to work in the Colonies of Cochinchine. His/her father, Henri Donnadieu, are principal of Gia Dinh, close to Saigon. His/her mother, Marie, are teacher there. They have three children: Pierre, Paul and Marguerite. Seriously sick, his/her father leaves to be made hospitalize in metropolis. He dies in 49 years the December 4th 1921. Profiting from an administrative leave, the Donnadieu widow turns over to France with her three children. They live during two years in the family home of Platier, close to the village of Lasted, in Lot-et-Garonne. In June 1924, Marie Donnadieu sets out again with her children to join his new assignment with Phnom-Penh, with the Kampuchea. She does not want to remain there and is sent to Long Vinh then with Sadec and Saigon. In 1928, it breaks with this life of nomad by buying one of the grounds which the colonial administration encourages to have. Misled in its acquisition, it leaves ruined and takes again teaching there. This experiment will mark Marguerite deeply and will inspire to him many strong images of its work ( a stopping against the Pacific , the Lover , the lover of China of North ).

In 1930, Marie Donnadieu finds a pension and a college in Saigon, so that his/her daughter can follow secondary studies to the college Chasseloup Laubat of Saigon, before Norodom Sihanouk in 1940. Its baccalaureat of acquired philosophy, Marguerite leaves Indo-China in 1933, to continue its studies in France.

The writing

In Paris, it is registered with faculty where it meets Robert Antelme. After having obtained its diploma of political sciences it finds an use of secretary to the ministry for the Colonies at the beginning of June 1938. Antelme is mobilized in the army at the end of the summer. The declared war, Marguerite and Robert marry the September 23rd 1939. In spring 1940 its employment gives him opportunity Co-of signing a book with Philippe Roque: French Empire , an ordering of propaganda of the minister Georges Mandel. She resigns of the ministry in November 1940. In the occupied capital, Robert is engaged with the police headquarter of Paris. The couple settles street Saint Benoit, in the district of Saint-Germain-of-Meadows. Marguerite is pregnant. She is confined of a boy still-born child. In 1942, it finds an employment at the Steering Committee of the book where it becomes acquainted with Dionys Mascolo, which becomes his/her lover. In December, she learns death from her Paul brother, in Indo-China.

In 1943, the apartment of the couple quickly becomes a meeting place of intellectuals where one discusses literature and policy. Marguerite starts to write and publishes its first Impudent novel the . She signs it under the name of Duras, the village where is the paternal house. Joined the resistance with Robert and Dionys, in the network directed by François Mitterrand (alias Morland). June 1st 1944, their group falls into an ambush. Robert is stopped by the Gestapo. Helped by Mitterrand, Marguerite Duras succeeds in escaping. The shortly after the unloading of the allies, she learns that her husband was taken along to Compiegne from which the trains for the Concentration camps leave. In August, Paris is released. It is at that time that are written the Books of War which will be used as contents with the book the Pain , published in 1985. With the autumn it is registered with the French Communist party. Its new novel, the quiet Life , is published in December.

Marguerite awaits the return of her husband. To the Release, in 1945, helped by Mitterrand, Dionys comes to seek it with the camp of Dachau. Antelme is dying man. With the help of a doctor, Marguerite Duras looks after it.

Marguerite divorces the April 24th 1947 to live with Dionys. A son, named Jean, is born the June 30th from the same year. In 1950, the loss of the Vietnam like French colony constrained his/her mother to return to France. In May, Marguerite Duras is excluded from the PCF. At this point in time it is revealed by an autobiographical novel of inspiration, a stopping against the Pacific , which appears in June. Selected for the Price Goncourt, it misses it little. Nourished of its childhood, its later works will not cease giving form to its Asian universe, where characters will struggle to escape their loneliness. It will thus appear to rewrite the same stories unceasingly where several obsessing figures will meet (Anne-Marie Stretter, the vice-consul, the beggar, the Chinese lover…).

The Cinema and the Theater

She separates from Dionys Mascolo in 1956. She meets Gerard Jarlot, journalist with France-Sunday , in 1957, year when his/her mother dies. Jarlot works with it for various film adaptations and theatrical. For the first time one of its novels is adapted to the cinema. It is about Barrage against the Pacifique which Rene Clément carries out. In 1958, it works for scenario writers by writing the scenario of Hiroshima my love with Alain Resnais then that of such a long absence for Henri Colpi. In autumn 1960, it militates actively against the Guerre of Algeria. In 1961, its relation with Gerard Jarlot ends. In 1963, it buys an apartment in the old hotel “the black Rocks” with Trouville. The first success with the theater with Of the whole days in the trees , played by Madeleine Renaud in 1965. The multiplication of its talents now makes it recognize in three fields: arts person, cinematographic and theatrical. It puts in scene characters drawn from the reading of the various facts. It innovates on the displacement of the actors, on the musical quality of the words and silences. Tired by alcohol, it makes a cure and stops drinking. During “the events” of May 1968, it is in first line at the side of the students protestors, protests against the injustices, utters final sentences on the proletariat.

Marguerite Duras touches then with the cinema because it is dissatisfied adaptations which one makes of his novels. Its first film, To destroy, say it is turned in 1969. This evocative title defines its cinema: that of the play of the images, the voices and the music. “It is not worthwhile of going to Calcutta, Melbourne or Vancouver, all is in the Yvelines, in Neauphle. All is everywhere. All is with Trouville. In Paris also I want to turn, the Asia to be mistaken there, I know where it is in Paris…” ( green eyes ). The April 5th 1971, it signs Proclamation - with, inter alia, Simone de Beauvoir and Jeanne Moreau - claiming the abolition of the law against the abortion.

It turns then Nathalie Granger , in her house of Neauphle-the-Castle, India Song , in the Palate Rothschild with Boulogne on the music of Carlos d' Alessio. As in its work for the theater, it carries out experimental works. By the shift between the image and the written text, she wants to show that the cinema is not inevitably narrative: the Woman of Gange is composed of fixed plans, Its name of Venice in deserted Calcutta is filmed in the deserted ruins of the Rotschild palate by taking again its band its India Song , the negative Hands , where it reads her text on sights of deserted Paris the night. The extreme limit is reached in the Atlantic Man , with his voice on a completely black image during thirty minutes out of forty. After a voyage in Israel, in 1978, it carries out Césarée , where it evokes the ancient city on images of the Jardin of Tileries.

Alcohol

Lasted lives then only in its house of Neauphle. Since 1975, it joined again with alcohol. In 1980, it is transported to the hospital of Saint-Germain-in-Bush hammer and remains hospitalized during five weeks. On its return, she writes in Yann Lemée, a young admiror met five years earlier with Caen - at the conclusion of a projection-debate of India Song . After six months of abstinence, it sinks once again in alcohol. Serge July, editor association of Release , proposes to him to hold a weekly chronicle to with it all the summer. One evening, Yann Lemay telephones to him. They are found with Trouville. It lodges it, makes of it his/her companion and the name of Yann Andréa gives him. In 1981, it leaves to the Canada for conference series press to Montreal and films the Atlantic Man by taking his companion as actor. Because its hand trembles, Yann written under its dictation the Disease of dead the . It agrees to make a detoxification therapy at the American Hospital of Neuilly in October 1982. The following year, Duras directs Bulle Ogier and Madeleine Renaud in the play, Savannah Bay , which she wrote for the latter.

In 1984, the Lover is published and obtains the Prix Goncourt. It is a world success. It does of it one of the alive writers more read. In 1985, it raises the hostility and starts the polemic by giving an opinion in an enigmatic business which captivates the public opinion: the Business Grégory. In a platform of the daily newspaper Release of the July 17th, it is shown convinced of the culpability of the mother, “Sublimates, inevitably sublimated Christine V.” murder of her child, found drowned in October 1984. Again captive of alcohol, it tries in 1987, to give an explanation to its alcoholism in its book, the material Life .

Cries and silence

the Lover becomes a project of film of the producer Claude Berri. At the request of this last, it spider monkey with the writing of the scenario, stopped soon by a new hospitalization. It remains six months in the coma. During this time, the realizer Jean-Jacques Annaud is contacted. He agrees to carry out film and puts himself to make the adaptation of it. Marguerite Duras leaves the hospital in autumn 1989 and takes again the project in progress by meeting the scenario writer. Collaboration turns short and the film is done without it. Feeling dispossessed of its history, she hastens to rewrite it: the Lover of China of North is published in 1992, right before the exit of film. Lasted has from now on physical difficulties to write. However, other books appear; they are dictated or retranscribed. Yann collects its words for an ultimate book which appears in 1995 under the title: It is all .

Sunday March 3rd 1996, in eight hours, Marguerite dies on the 3rd floor of number 5 of the street Saint-Benoît. It was going to be 82 years old. Funerals take place the March 7th, with the church of Saint-Germain-of-Meadows. It is buried with the Cimetière of Montparnasse. On its tomb, its pen name, two dates and its initial: MR. D .

Literary work

Novels and Accounts

  • Impudent the . Plon, 1943.
  • quiet Life . Gallimard, 1944.
  • a stopping against the Pacific . Gallimard, 1950.
  • the Sailor of Gibraltar . Gallimard, 1952.
  • Small horses of Tarquinia . Gallimard, 1953.
  • Of the whole days in the trees , the Boa , Mrs Dodin , the Building sites . Gallimard, 1954.
  • the Public garden . Gallimard, 1955.
  • Moderato Cantabile . Editions of Midnight, 1958.
  • Ten hours and half of the evening in summer . Gallimard, 1960.
  • the afternoon of Mr Andesmas (account). Gallimard, 1962.
  • Rapture of Lol V. Stein . Gallimard, 1964.
  • the Vice-consul . Gallimard, 1966.
  • Amante English . Gallimard, 1967.
  • To destroy, says it . Editions of Midnight, 1969.
  • Abahn Sabana David . Gallimard, 1970.
  • the Love . Gallimard, 1971.
  • “Ah! Ernesto” , a tale for children. ED. Hatlin Quist, 1971.
  • Vera Baxter or Beaches of the Atlantic . ED. Albatross, 1980.
  • the Man sitting in the corridor (account). Editions of Midnight, 1980.
  • Summer 80 . Editions of Midnight, 1980.
  • green Eyes . Editions of the Threshold, 1987.
  • Outside - Papiers of a jour . Coll " It; , Albin Michel, 1981.
  • the Atlantic Man . Editions of Midnight, 1982.
  • the Disease of dead the (account). Editions of Midnight, 1982.
  • the Lover . Editions of Midnight, 1984.
Price Goncourt in 1984.
Price Ritz-Paris-Hemingway (better novel published in English) in 1986.
  • the Pain . POL., 1985.
  • blue Eyes, black hair . Editions of Midnight, 1986.
  • the Whore of the coast Norman . Editions of Midnight, 1986.
  • material Life . POL., 1987.
  • Émily L. Editions of Midnight, 1987.
  • Rain of summer . POL., 1990.
  • the Lover of China of North . Gallimard, 1991.
  • Yann Andréa Steiner . POL., 1992.
  • Écrire* . Gallimard, 1993.
  • Le Monde outside. Outside 2. POL., 1993.
  • It is all . POL., 1995.
  • written Sea . Texts of Lasted on photographs of Helene Bamberger, Éditions Marval, 1996.
  • Cahiers of the war and other texts . Edition established by Olivier Corpet and Sophie Bogaert, POL/Imec, 2006.

Talks

  • Parleuses , Marguerite Duras and Xavière Gauthier, the Editions of Midnight, 1974.
  • the Places of Marguerite Duras , Marguerite Duras and Michelle Carries, the Editions of Midnight, 1977.
  • the Post office of the street Dupin , Marguerite Duras and François Mitterrand, ED. Gallimard, 2006.
(In September 2007, the master original will leave on CD, coll With high voice.) discussion with Zouc newspaper the world December 13rd, 1984 in connection with the spectacle Zouc at the school of the women .

Plays

  • Viaducts of the Seine-et-Oise. . Gallimard, 1959.
  • Miracle in Alabama , of William Gibson, adapted by Marguerite Duras and Gerard Jarlot. The Apron, 1963.
  • Theater I, Gallimard, 1965:
National Forestry Commission .
the Public garden .
Musica .
  • Amante English . Gallimard, 1968.
  • Theater II, Gallimard, 1968:
Suzanna Andler .
Of the whole days in the trees .
Yes, perhaps .
Shaga .
a man came to see me .
  • India Song . Gallimard, 1973.
  • the Eden Cinema . Mercure de France, 1977.
  • Agatha . Editions of Midnight, 1981.
  • Savannah Bay . Editions of Midnight, 1982 - 2nd increased edition, Editions of Midnight 1983.
  • Theater III, Gallimard, 1984:
the Animal in the jungle , according to Henry James, adapted by James Lord and Marguerite Duras.
Papers of Aspern , according to Henry James, adapted by Marguerite Duras and Robert Antelme.
Dance of dead , according to August Strindberg, adapted by Marguerite Duras.
  • Musica second . Gallimard, 1985.
  • the Theater of the English amante . Gallimard, 1991.
  • Theater IV, Gallimard, 1999:
Vera Baxter .
the Eden cinema .
the Theater of the English amante .
Home .
the Gull .

Film scenarios and dialogs

  • Hiroshima my love . Gallimard, 1960.
  • such a long absence, in collaboration with Gerard Jarlot. Gallimard, 1961.
  • Musica . Gallimard, 1965.
  • Nathalie Granger , followed the Woman of Gange . Gallimard, 1973.
  • India Song . Gallimard, 1973.
  • the Truck , followed discussions with Michelle Carries. Editions of Midnight, 1977.
  • the Ship Night , followed Césarée , negative Hands , Aurélia Steiner . Mercure de France, 1979.

Cinematographic work

Achievements

La majority of its films is distributed in DVD at Benoît Jacob editions, Paris.
  • 1966: Musica , Co-realized with Paul Séban.
Actors: Julie Dassin, Delphine Seyrig and Robert Hossein.
  • 1969: To destroy, says it .
Actors: Henri Garcin, Daniel Gélin, Michael Lonsdale and Catherine Sellers.
  • 1971 : Yellow the sun , according to Abahn Sabana David .
Actors: Catherine Sellers, Dionys Mascolo, Sami Frey and Michael Lonsdale.
  • 1972 : Nathalie Granger .
Actors: Lucia Bump, Jeanne Moreau, Gerard Depardieu and Dionys Mascolo.
  • 1974 : the Woman of Gange .
Actors: Catherine Sellers and Gerard Depardieu. Actors: Delphine Seyrig, Michael Lonsdale, Claude Mann, Mathieu Career and the voice of Lasted.
Price of the French Association of the cinemas of art and test with Cannes in 1975.
  • 1976 : Of the whole days in the trees .
Actors: Madeleine Renaud, Jean-Pierre Aumont and Bubble Ogier.
Price Jean Cocteau.
  • 1976 : Its name of Venice in deserted Calcutta .
  • 1977 : the Truck .
Actors: Gerard Depardieu and Marguerite Duras.
Projected except competition with the Cannes festival 1977.
  • 1977: Baxter Vera Baxter .
Actors: Delphine Seyrig, Claudine Gabay, Gerard Depardieu and François Périer.
  • 1978 : the Ship Night .
Actors: Bubble Ogier, Dominique Sanda, Mathieu Career and the voice of Lasted.
  • 1979 : Césarée . Short-measuring with the voice of Lasted.
  • 1979 : negative Hands . Short-measuring with the voice of Lasted.
  • 1979 : Aurélia Steiner, known as Aurélia Vancouver . Short-measuring.
  • 1979 : Aurelia Steiner, known as Aurélia Melbourne . Short-measuring.
  • 1981 : Agatha and unlimited readings .
Actors: Bubble Ogier and Yann Andréa.
  • 1981 : the Atlantic Man . Short-measuring with the voice of Lasted.
  • 1982 : Dialog of Rome ( It dialogo di Roma ). Documentary.
  • 1984 : the Children , according to Ah! Ernesto , Co-realized with Jean Mascolo and Jean-Marc Turine.
Actors: Pierre Arditi, Andre Dussollier, Daniel Gélin and Marguerite Duras.

Adaptations made by other scenario writers

Actors: Silvana Mangano and Anthony Perkins. Actors: Bernard Fresson, Eiji Okada and Emmanuelle Rivetted.
Presented except competition to the Cannes festival. Actors: Jeanne Moreau and Jean-Paul Belmondo. Actors: Alida Valli and Georges Wilson.
Price Louis Delluc in 1960.
Palm of gold to the Cannes festival in 1961.
  • 1963 : the marine Route , of Jean Rollin, dialogs of Lasted (unfinished film).
Actress: Sylvia Montfort .
  • 1964 : Black night, Calcutta , Short-measuring of Marine Karmitz, scenario and dialogs of Lasted.
Actor: Maurice Garrel and the voice of Lasted. Actors: Romy Schneider and Michel Piccoli. Actress: Jeanne Moreau. Actors: Melina Mercouri, Romy Schneider and Peter Finch. Actors: Jeanne Moreau, Vanessa Redgrave and Orson Welles.
  • 1982 : By rachâchant , according to Ah! Ernesto , of Jean-Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet.
Actors: Nadette Thinus and Olivier Straub. Actors: Sami Frey and Delphine Seyrig.
  • 1990 : the water Cutter, according to a text of material Life . Short-measuring of Philippe Tabarly.
Actress: ARIANE Ascaride. Actors: Jane March, Tony Leung and the voice of Jeanne Moreau.
DVD, Pathé, 2001. No-claims bonus: Talks between Marguerite Duras and Jean-Jacques Annaud the January 18th 1990 with Neauphle.
  • 1993 : the Death of the young English , documentary aviator of Benoit Jacquot.
  • 1993 : To write , documentary on Marguerite Duras of Benoit Jacquot.
  • 2003 : the Disease of dead the , Short-measuring of Asa Mader, France the United States.
Actors: Anna Mouglalis and Stephan Crasneanski.
  • 2004 : the Afternoon of Mr Andesmas , of Michelle Carries.
Actors: Michel Bouquet and Miou-Miou.
  • 2004 : material Life , according to the water Cutter, drawn from material Life . Short-measuring of Franck Helson.
Actors: Valerie Blanchon, Pierre-Yves Louarn.
  • 2005 : the broken Nettle , of Franck Bourrel, according to a text drawn from the Pain .
Actors: Serge Chambon. Actors: Isabelle Huppert, Gaspard Ulliel

Anecdote

Actors: Nathalie Baye, Jacques Dutronc, Isabelle Huppert and the voice of Lasted (not credited with the credits).

Television programs

  • 1964 : Without wonder
Realization: Michel Mitrani.
Scénario of Lasted and Gerard Jarlot.
Actors: Jean-Claude Pascal, Marcel Bozzuffi and Alexandra Stewart.
Diffused the April 14th.
  • 1965 : white Curtains
Realization: Georges Franju and Tadeuz Konwicki.
Scenario and dialogs of Lasted. Realization: Marguerite Duras and Paul Séban.
Actors: Julie Dassin, Delphine Seyrig and Robert Hossein.
  • 1967 : Lasted with the Small Rocket
Réalisation: Jean-Christmas Roy for the magazine Dim, Prejudice, Dom .
Discussion with the director of the prison of women.
Diffused the November 12th.
  • 1976 : Places of Marguerite Duras
Realization: Michelle Carries.
2 emissions produced by I.N.A. and diffused 10 and May 17th on TF1.
  • 1996 : Savannah Bay, it is you
Tourné to the Theater of the Roundabout in September 1983.
Realization: Michelle Carries.
Produces by INA and diffused the March 19th on ARTE. Realization: Jean-Luc leridon.
Diffused the September 28th on Antenna 2.
  • 1988 : Marguerite Duras
Realization: Luce Perrot.
Diffused June 26th with the July 17th on TF1.

Recordings

CD

  • Marguerite Duras. Rapture of the word
Files recorded between 1954 and 1991.
4 CD, collection Great Hours, INA/Radio-France, Harmonia Mundi, 2003.

  • a vagueness extremely precise

musical Composition of Carlos d' Alessio on texts of Lasted.
Reciting: Delphine Seyrig and Sami Frey.
2 CD, INA random access memory, 1997.

  • India song and other film musics

Compositions of Carlos d' Alessio.
1 CD, Song of the World, 1991.

  • Marguerite Duras and word of the others…

radiophonic Talks by Jean-Marc Turine, with the participation of Jean-Louis Trintignant.
2 CD, Files of INA 2001.

  • the Cinema of the Lover

Texte read by Lasted.
2 CD, Benoit Jacob editions, 2001.
Grand Prix Academy Charles-Cross-country race.
  • the Young girl and the child
Extracts from Summer 80 , adapted by Yann Andréa, read by Duras.
1 CD, collection the Library of the voices, ED. women, 2004.

  • the Afternoon of Mr radiophonic Andesmas

Pièce adapted by Lasted.
Recorded for France Culture, with Marguerite Duras, Charles Vanel, Rosine Favey and Maria Casarès.
1 CD, Benoit Jacob editions, 2004. Three talks recorded at the beginning of 1987, around striking facts of the political life: cohabitation, terrorism, the capital punishment, the independence of New Caledonia, bases of racism…
3 CD, Frémaux & associated/Institute François Mitterrand/France culture, 2007.

DVD

  • Great Talks with Bernard Pivot: Marguerite Duras
Diffused on Antenna 2, the September 28th 1984 for the magazine Apostrophes .
Gallimard/INA, 2003.

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