Marcos de Niza

MARCOS OF NIZA, FRAY, OFM (Nice, towards 1495 - Mexico City, March 25th 1558)

Brother Marc of Nice, more known under its Spanish name of Fray Marcos de Niza. Born with Nice, which then formed part of the Duché of Savoy, towards 1495, orphan, of unknown patronym. It becomes Franciscain of the Observance, Profès of the province of Saint-Louis Evêque (Province franciscaine of Aquitaine, which included Nice then).

In 1530, it leaves in Spain, crosses the Atlantique and joined Francisco Pizarro at the time of its conquest of the Peru. He is opposed very quickly to Pizarro and denounces Spanish cruelties towards the Indiens.

In 1534, it belongs to a forwarding led in Ecuador by Pedro de Alvarado, during which it is used as mediator between Alvarado and Diego de Almagro, come to represent the interests of Pizarro, and a confrontation between their troops avoids. In August 1534, it transfers its capacities to Almagro to build a monastery Franciscain close to Quito. It accompanies then Sebastián de Belalcázar in its conquest by Quito. One finds it in 1536 with the Guatemala, where he testifies in favor of Alvarado in a lawsuit brought by Almagro.

Brother Juan de Zumárraga, archbishop of Mexico City, the fact of coming to the Mexico in 1537. End 1538, the viceroy Mendoza sends it to discovered territories in the north of the Mexico. It leaves in company of the lay brother Onorato and the black slave Estéban. It reaches the Arizona and the New Mexico in 1539 and discovers the pueblos Indian zuñis, where Estéban finds death. Of return to Mexico City, it makes a emphatic relation of its discovery, which causes a forwarding of conquest, in June 1540, by Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, with which it is used as guide.

At the time of the Indian in the north of the Mexico, known rebellion under the name of " War of Miztón " , in 1542, it is at the sides of the viceroy Mendoza, in its " council of conscience" , to inspire a " to him; manner juste" to repress this revolt.

Chaplain of Zumárraga in 1546, it must leave Mexico City for a hotter climate, suffering of the after-effects of his voyages. When Frère Gerónimo de Mendieta meets it, towards 1556, it resides at Jalapa, suffering and very decreased. He dies the March 25th 1558 in Mexico City, where he is buried.

Frère Marc belongs to a group of Franciscains millenarists and utopians, who tried to establish Indian ideal companies in America. Friend of Bartolomé de Las Put, it provided him the essence of information which this last had on the Peru.

Works

Información in Corte there Al Obispo Fray Juan de Zumárraga of Mexico City . (Information at the Court and the Bishop Brother Juan de Zumárraga of Mexico City). Bartolomé de Las Put inserted it in its Très short relation of the destruction of the Indies .

Poder de Fray Marcos de Niza has favor del Señor Mariscal . (To be able of Frère Marc of Nice in favor of the Lord Marshal). Santiago de Quito, August 29th 1534. Manuscript 74, Harkness collection, library of the Congress, Washington. Spanish edition and English translation by Stella R. Clemence, " The Almagros and the Pizarros, 1531 - 1578 " , Washington 1936.

Testimony , in " Información hecha in sober Santiago of Guatemala el concierto celebrado between el Adelantado D. Pedro de Alvarado there el Mariscal D. Diego de Almagro, para el descubrimiento there conquista of tierras". (Information made in Santiago of Guatemala on the agreement occurred between Governor D. Pedro de Alvarado and Marshal D. Diego de Almagro, for the discovery and the conquest of grounds), Santiago of Guatemala, September 28th, 1536. General Archivo of Indias, Patronato, 180, Ramo 66,1.

Relation of the voyage in Cíbola . Three copies of the original manuscript are known; two copies in General Archivo of mow Indias, Seville: " Relación of france Marcos de Niza with the provincia of Culuacan in Nueva España, 1539" , Patronato, Descubrimiento, Nueva España, legajo 20; a copy with Haus, Hof und Staatsarchivs in Vienna (Austria), " Relación of mow Indias of fray Marcos Denica" , Handschrift Blaum 192 (Böhm 682).

Letter with Brother Juan de Zumárraga of February 26th, 1546 . Published by Jímenez of Espada, " Very cartas familiares of Fray Juan de Zumárraga, to precede obispo there arzobispo of Mexico City, contestación has there will otra that directs it Fray Marcos de Niza" in " Boletín of Real Academia of Historia" , VI (1885).

lost Works (mentioned by Juan de Velasco and Antonio de Alcedo):

Ritos there ceremonias of los Indios . (Rites and ceremonies of the Indians).

Cartas informativas of lo obrado in mow provincias del Perú there del Cuzco . (Informative Letters on work in the provinces of Peru and Cuzco).

Tired back líneas of los Señores del Perú there del Quito . (Two lines of the Lords of Peru and Quito).

Historia of the conquista of the provincia del Perú . (History of the conquest of the province of Peru).

Historia of the conquista of the provincia del Quito . (History of the conquest of the province of Quito). This document could be inserted by Las Put in a version of its " Very short relation of the destruction of Indes" ; to see Fabié, Antonio María, " Emptied there escritos D. Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas" , Madrid, 1879, volume 2, p 390-405.

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