Marcel Pagnol

Marcel Pagnol is a writer, Dramaturge, scenario writer and academician French, born the February 28th 1895 with Aubagne and dead the April 18th 1974 with Paris.

Biography

Marcel Pagnol was born in the town of Aubagne, under crowned Garlaban of goats, at the time of the last chevriers (Incipit of the Glory of my father ).

Marcel Pagnol sees the day the February 28th 1895 with Aubagne (Provence), at the moment when, a few kilometres from there, Auguste and Louis Lumière turn the Arrival of a train in station of Ciotat , which will be the first public projection of the Cinématographe. Wire of Joseph Pagnol, Laic Teacher , republican utopian and , and of Augustine Pauline Henriette Lansot, dressmaker, it are the elder one of three other children: Paul, born in 1898, Germaine, born in 1902 and Rene, born in 1909. An older brother, Maurice, born in April 1894, and deceased in August of the following year, will never be mentioned in the family history (see Famille Pagnol).

An early school and… buissonnière

In 1897, the young couple is established in the company flat of the school of the suburb of Saint-Wolf, a large village in the suburbs of Marseilles . Marcel, who attends the courses of his father since the first rank of the class where his/her mother left it when it went to the market, could already read, write and count before the four years age. Then, with the re-entry 1900, Joseph being named titular teacher at the school of the Way of the Carthusian monks, more the communal university of Marseilles , the family moves in with 54 avenue des Chartreux. It is there that at the six years age, Marcel between with the elementary school. In 1902, Pagnol migrate street of the Botanical garden, then street Terrusse, in it large ground floor, which a basement supplemented, enlightened of a garden where Marcel will pass most of his childhood.

Starting from 1904, concerned on the fragile health of Augustine, Joseph decides to rent for summer holidays one villa in the hill, just at the edge of a desert of scrubland which goes from Aubagne to Aix . This New Country house at the exit of the village of the Treillised vineyard, today district of Marseilles, and these hills will constitute this paradise of happy childhood where proceed the most beautiful episodes of its famous Souvenirs of childhood .

Receipt second with the examination of the purses, it enters to the Lycée Thiers in 1905 where it continues brilliant studies, in spite of a life of animated school luncher, tasty epopee of which it will level us in the last two volumes of his Souvenirs (the time of the secrecies, the time of the loves). It is there that it starts to write poems who will appear starting from 1910 in the review Massilia . It has as a school-fellow Albert Cohen with whom it binds friendship.

It is only 15 years old when it loses his mother, with which it maintained a fusional relation and quasi œdipienne. A cold chill having worsened its pulmonary brittleness, Augustine dies continuations of a congestion the June 16th 1910, at the 36 years age. It will be buried in Saint-Pierre, then with the Treillised vineyard. Joseph settles then with his children on the fourth floor of 17 cours Lieutaud with Marseilles. It remarie in 1912 with Madeleine Julien, who is only eight years old more than Marcel and than this last will accept very badly, at the point to scramble itself with his/her father.

In 1913, at 18 years, it obtains its baccalaureat rather well Philosophie with mention and begins its studies of letters at the university of Aix-en-Provence. The February 10th 1914, it founds, with some buddies of Khâgne, the literary review Fortunio (which will become then the Books of the South ), in which it publishes some poems and its first novel, the Marriage of Peluque . Then, the First World War bright, it is mobilized with the 163 {{E}} regiment of infantry of Nice at the same time as his/her friend Lili of the Belon oysters (of its true name, David Magnan), then reformed in January 1915 for weakness of constitution.

The March 2nd 1916, it marries Simone Collin. In November of the same year, it obtains its arts degree and alive literatures (English) . Named English repeater, he will teach successively with the colleges of Digne, Tarascon, Pamiers on Ariège and Aix-en-Provence, before being promoted assistant Professor of English to the Lycée Saint-Charles with Marseilles of 1920 with 1922. During this last year, he writes two drama S in worms: Catulle then, in collaboration with Arno Charles Brun, Ulysses at Phéaciens .

Paris: a professor with the theater

Appointed assistant professor with the College Condorcet of Paris, it will teach there English until in 1927, where it decides to take leave of the State education due to Literature . As of its arrival in the capital in 1922, Pagnol had the chance to find there Paul Nivoix, former director of the Marseilles weekly magazine Spectator become writer with Comœdia , only French daily newspaper of the Letters and Arts . Thanks to its friendship, Pagnol penetrates the medium of the young writers and of the modern theater, “starts to doubt the interest of its Greek and Roman tragedies”, goes so far as to sign in 1924, under the pseudonym of Castro, a light comedy composed with Nivoix: with its great astonishment, Tonton (or Joseph wants to remain pure), gains a small success with the Théâtre of the Varieties, which encouraged the two beginners to persist and write their first play, the Merchants of glory . Represented in 1925 with the Theater of the Madeleine, this brilliant satire of patriotism will be been sulky of the public, just as its second part, Jazz , will be given in 1926 to the Théâtre of Arts. But Topaz , satire of ambitiousness played theater of the Varieties in 1928 will know one big hit.

Exiled with Paris, nostalgia encourages it to write a Marseilles part, its entourage dissuades some at once. But in 1926, having seen playing Brussels the Marriage of Miss Beulemans , it includes/understands that a local, but deeply sincere work and authenticates can sometimes take seat in the literary inheritance of a country and like in the whole world . And thus the March 9th 1929, Marius , part in four acts and six tables, opens with the Théâtre of Paris with Raimu in the role of César. It is the universal triumph for the two provençaux ones exiled which, while mutually bringing glory and the celebrity, will bind to life of a friendship as stormy as sincere.

Separated from Simone Hake since 1926, it meets the young English dancer Kitty Murphy. From their union Pagnol in 1930 will be born Jacques, which will become its assistant after the war, then cameraman for France 3 Marseilles.

A cinema which speaks… ave it assent

This year 1926 is also the year when the second catch of its career took place: having assisted with London with the projection of one of first talking films Broadway Melodies , Pagnol if is upset by it that it decides to be devoted to the talking films, arrived to France in 1928.

He contacts at once the studios Paramount Pictures to make adapt his part. The producers decide to entrust the realization of it to the American director experienced Alexander Korda. Left the October 10th 1931, Marius will be one of first successful films of the speaking Cinéma French. Pressed by the public to write of them the continuation, Fanny , part in three acts and four tables, opens in December 1931 with the Théâtre of Paris. It is second shutter of what will become famous the Marseilles Trilogie , whose action occurs in legendary environment from the Bar from the Navy, on the old port of Marseilles. the film adaptation, realized by Marc Allégret, will leave the November 2nd 1932.

The July 28th 1932, his/her brother Paul, the last “chevrier of the Garlaban” that it was often going to visit in the hills of their childhood, dies at the 34 years age. Suffering from the “high evil” (great evil epileptic), it dies out at the hospital of Courtrai (Belgium) after an operation of the last chance carried out by professor Lowers. It is buried in the family vault Pagnol of the small cemetery of the Treillised vineyard.

The same year, Marcel Pagnol founds with Marseilles his own production company and his movie studios. It is on this field of 24 hectares Garrigue S, kind of “Hollywood of Provence”, which it will turn from now on itself its films. Its first film as a Réalisateur will be Jofroi (1933), followed Angèle in 1934, Merlusse and Cigalon in 1935, César in 1936, Regain in 1937, the Woman of the baker in 1938, etc It makes play the largest French actors of the time Louis Jouvet, Raimu, Pierre Fresnay, Fernandel, friends with whom it plays Pétanque enters two scenes.

The things went further with Orane Demazis, which incarnated every evening the character of Fanny in Marius and Fanny , because it gave him a son in 1933, Jean-Pierre Pagnol. Then, in 1935, Yvonne Pouperon, its new collaborator of the offices of the street Fortuny in Paris, will put at the world a girl, Francine Pagnol. It is the year when it founds the review the books of the film , before directing its own publisher in 1937.

In 1941, to carry out its “ambition to build, under the sky of Provence, the Quoted of the Cinema ”, it makes, without to have seen it, the acquisition of the Château of Buzine with a few hectares of meadows at the edge of the channel. It is by visiting its field eight days later, that he recognizes “the dreadful castle, that of the fear of my mother” ( the Castle of my mother ). But the Second world war makes rage; Pagnol must stop its turnings and sell its studios with the Gaumont, while remaining director of production. This will enable him to be concealed with the pressures of Alfred Greven, president of the Continentale (French production company with German capital), which wants to make him carry out cinema of Propagande Nazi.

The Divorce of with Simone hardly pronounced Hake, Marcel is put in household with the actress Josette Day, met in January 1939. Their connection will last only the time of their refuge in free Zone, until the end of the war. It acquires in 1942 the field of the Star to Gaude, where it réemploie the personnel of its studios as horticultural workmen for the culture of eyelet S in order to avoid the to them Service of obligatory work in Germany. This spectacular reconversion inspired with Raimu the following Tirade: If Marcel becomes florist, then me, I do not have any more but to go to sell Rascasse S!

Comedy with the Academy

In 1944, Pagnol is elected president of the Société of the authors and dramatic type-setters, as well as committee of purification, where an about sixty intellectuals like Louis Aragon sat, Paul Éluard, François Mauriac, Georges Duhamel, Paul Valéry, Albert Camus, Pierre Seghers, Jean-Paul Sartre, etc

In 1945, it marries the actress Jacqueline Bouvier, met in August 1938, which will be until its death its “bit of poetry and tenderness”. It will turn in five of its films and will give him two children, Frederic in 1946 and Estelle in 1949.

The April 4th 1946, at the 51 years age, Marcel Pagnol is elected with the French Academy where it occupies the armchair 25, that, inter alia, of Prosper Mérimée.

In 1951, fortunate and pousuivi by the tax department, it settles with Monte Carlo in a sumptuous villa of the 19th century in seaside, Lestra , near its admiror and friend the prince Rainier III of Monaco. With died of Estelle, two years old, he will flee the place in 1954 to return to Paris in a private mansion to the public garden of the Avenue of Wood , on the Avenue Foch, approaching his offices of the street Fortuny.

In 1955, 60 years, Marcel Pagnol chairs the 8th Festival of Film of Cannes. It also makes play festival of Angers its translation of Hamlet of William Shakespeare (with Jacqueline Pagnol and Serge Reggiani). Then, on October 6th, it makes give to the Théâtre of Paris its tragedy in five acts Judas . New lighting, even to avant-garde, to the character, so much it approaches the Évangile of Judas , is badly perceived by the whole of the confessions. The reserved reception quite as cold with Fabien , comedy in four acts which will leave a few months later, will encourage Pagnol to put a term at its activity of Dramatic author, as it had already done for his career of scenario writer.

Birth of the novelist

But once more, the best is in front of him. A Romancier of great scale is announced, to transport its new readers to the magic country of childhood. Starting from 1957, it begins the fictionalized drafting of its Souvenirs of childhood with the Glory of my father , who will be an immense success, due inter alia to the way in which Pagnol describes the people who are expensive to him in the small world of Provence which surrounds it, and with the promptness of her memories, embellished by time and imagination. The action pursuant will be taken by it the same year in the Castle of my mother , then in the Time of the secrecies in 1960 and the Time of the loves which, unfinished, will be published only after its death, in 1977. It publishes then the Water of the hills , novel in two volumes entitled Jean de Florette and Manon of the Sources in 1962.

But already, a new activity monopolizes all its energy: the historical research. In the Années 1960, Marcel, since always impassioned history, plunges in the enigma of the Homme to the iron mask , persuaded that this work will make it pass to the posterity. Remarkable test which reveals the rigor of a true historian, the Mask of iron published in 1964, then altered in 1973 under the title the Secrecy of the iron Mask, however remains ignored of the public, eclipsed per so many of other masterpieces.

Pagnol said: If I had been painter, I would have made only portraits . Painter of the human nature, precursory of the psychological portrait and the valorization of the culture regional and of Provence, it bequeathed to the posterity of the portraits marvelously alive of the characters of his childhood. Filled author, it accepted all the honors of alive sound: success, money, glory, recognition as of his, and the election with the French Academy.

Marcel Pagnol dies the April 18th 1974, at the 79 years age, the public garden of the avenue of Wood with Paris. Its body puts back with the cemetery of the Treillised vineyard, close to Camoins-the-Baths, in the hills of Provence of its childhood, near its mother and of her last daughter, Estelle, not far from the vault of the Famille Pagnol where rest his/her father and his second wife, his brothers and sister and their family. Its tomb carries the inscription: “Marcel Pagnol 1895 - 1974 and them his”, followed by a epitaph Latin E, quotation of Virgile: “ Pig iron and cast iron, amicos, uxorem dilexit ” (He liked the sources, its friends, his wife).

Chronology

  • 1889 Nomination of his/her father, Joseph Pagnol, at the post of public teacher with Aubagne
  • 1893 Joseph Pagnol marries Pauline Henriette (known as Augustine ) Lansot, on December 28th
  • 1894 Birth of Maurice Pagnol in April
  • 1895 Birth of Marcel Pagnol on February 28th, with number 16 of the Barthélemy course in Aubagne. Death of his/her older brother, Maurice Pagnol, in August
  • 1897 Installation of the Pagnol family to Saint-Wolf (Marseilles)
  • 1898 Birth of his/her brother, Paul Pagnol (the Small Paul )
  • 1900 Removal in Marseilles where Joseph Pagnol is named at the school of the Carthusian monks
  • 1902 Birth of his sister, Germaine Pagnol
  • the first 1904 holidays with the New Bastide
  • 1905 Elève with the Lycée Thiers with Marseilles
  • 1909 Birth of his/her younger brother, Rene Pagnol
  • 1910 Mort of his/her mother, Augustine Pagnol. First poems in the review Massilia
  • 1913 Marcel obtains the Baccalauréat Rather well Philosophy with mention
  • 1914 Fonde the literary review Fortunio . Mobilized with Nice, then reformed for weakness of constitution
  • 1915 Repeater with the Worthy college of , then of Tarascon
  • 1916 Marriage on March 2nd with Simone Hake. The license of Alive Langues and Littérature obtains
  • 1917 English Repeater to the college of Pamiers on Ariège, then with the Mignet college of Aix-en-Provence. Death of “Lili of the Belon oysters”.
  • 1920 Professor-assistant of the College Saint-Charles with Marseilles. Catulle , drama in worms
  • 1922 English Professor-assistant to the Lycée Condorcet with Paris
  • 1923 Meets Orane Demazis in Paris, for which it will create then the role of Fanny
  • 1926 Separation of with Simone (the divorce will be marked only in 1941)
  • 1930 Rencontre of Kitty Murphy, young English dancer, in Paris
  • 1930 Birth of Jacques Pagnol, which was his assistant after the war, then cameraman for France 3 Marseilles
  • 1932 Deaths of his/her brother, Paul Pagnol, at the hospital of Courtrai (Belgium) on July 28th
  • 1933 Orane Demazis gives him a son, Jean-Pierre Pagnol
  • 1935 Rencontre of Yvonne Pouperon, its collaborator in the offices of the street Fortuny
  • 1936 Yvonne Pouperon gives rise to Francine Pagnol
  • 1938 Rencontre of Jacqueline Bouvier in August, who will not enter her life that in 1944.
  • 1939 Rencontre in January of Josette Day. Their connection lasts the time of their refuge in free zone, in Marseilles, then in Gaude
  • 1941 the divorce of with Simone Colin is marked. Acquisition of the Castle of Buzine
  • 1944 Withdrawn in the the Sarthe with Jacqueline Herdsman while waiting for the allied unloading
  • 1945 Marriage with Jacqueline Herdsman
  • 1946 Birth of their son, Frederic. March 27th, Marcel Pagnol is received with the armchair 25 of the French Academy
  • 1951 Birth of their daughter, Estelle. November 15th, died of his/her father, Joseph Pagnol
  • 1954 Died of their daughter, Estelle, of the continuations of a crisis of acetonemy
  • 1974 Died of Marcel Pagnol in Paris on April 18th

Works

Novels, news and tests

Theater

  • 1922 : Catulle , drama in worms
  • 1922: Ulysses at Phéaciens (in collaboration with Arno Charles Brun), tragedy in worms
  • 1924: Uncle or Joseph wants to remain pure (in collaboration with Paul Nivoix), light comedy under the pseudonym of Castro.
  • 1925 : Merchants of glory (in collaboration with Paul Nivoix), satirical comedy in five acts
  • 1926: direct in the middle (in collaboration with Paul Nivoix), comedy
  • 1926: Jazz (first title Phaéton ), satirical comedy in four acts
  • 1926: Topaz , satirical comedy in four acts
  • 1926: Marius , comedy in three acts and six tables
  • 1931: Fanny , comedy in three acts and four tables
  • 1946: César , comedy in three acts adapted of the film
  • 1955: Judas , tragedy in five acts
  • 1956: Fabien , comedy in four acts
  • 1985: the Woman of the baker , comedy in four acts adapted of the film

Cinema

Catalog of films

Marcel Pagnol is the director of following films:

Marcel Pagnol is the author of the scenarios and dialogs of following films:

Adaptations of works of Pagnol and Remake S

  • 1931 : represented adaptations of Marius : Zum goldenen Anker in German, Längtan till havet in Swedish
  • 1934: German remake of Fanny : DER schwarze Walfisch of Fritz Wendhausen
  • 1938: Port off Seven Seas , American remake of James Whale: scenario covering the whole of the trilogy
  • 1942: 海猫の港 Umineko No minato (“the port with the gulls”), of Yasuki Chiba (93 minutes, 35 mm, Black & White). Japanese remake of Marius . On the port of Karatsu in 1897, whereas Japan starts to develop its empire of overseas, a family holds the bar “the tavern of the anchor”. The son has a single chance to embark, against the opinion of his father, from where the dilemma enters the interests of the empire and the family.
  • 1949 : 春の戯れ Haru No tawamure (“Flirt of spring”), of Kajiro Yamamoto (109 mn, Black and White), with Hideko Takamine (Fanny) and Junkichi Uno (Marius). After 風の子 Kaze No KB (“the child of the wind”), it is the second film of this realizer on the topic of the call of the sea opposed to that of the love.
  • 1954 : opening to Broadway of the musical comedy Fanny , adapting the whole of the trilogy
  • 1961: Fanny , film adaptation, according to the musical comedy but without numbers musical, by Joshua Logan, with Leslie Charon and Maurice Knight
  • 1967: 愛の賛歌 Have No sanka (“Anthem with the love”), of Yoji Yamada (94 mn). This third Japanese remake, covering the scenario of the films Marius and Fanny , transposes the drama in an small island of the Inland sea of Seto where in love ones are separated by immigration towards the Brésil
  • towards 1970: Version discographic of the soundtrack of the trilogy, with comments of Marcel Pagnol
  • 2000: new version of the trilogy, French remake carried out by Nicolas Ribowski for television: Marius , Fanny and César
  • left envisaged in September 2007: Opera inspired of Marius and Fanny , on a music of Vladimir Cosma and in a setting in scene of Jean-Louis Grinda, with Roberto Alagna in the role of Marius. Musical production ordered by the Opera of Marseilles (with the agreement of Jacqueline Pagnol)
  • 1986: Jean de Florette of Claude Berri with Yves Montand, Daniel Auteuil and Gerard Depardieu
  • 1986: Manon of the sources of Claude Berri with Yves Montand, Daniel Auteuil and Emmanuelle Béart
  • 1990: the Glory of my father of Yves Robert
  • 1990: the Castle of my mother of Yves Robert
  • 2006: the Time of the secrecies (telefilm) of Thierry Chabert
  • 2006: the Time of the loves (telefilm) of Thierry Chabert

Famous quotations

Morals and men

  • The honor, it is like the matches, that is useful only once.
  • It is very pretty to be innocent, but one should not misuse it.
  • When one must direct children or men, it is from time to time necessary to make a beautiful injustice, quite clear, well shouting: it is that which imposes some to them more!
  • How one is weak when one is in his wrong!
  • If one cannot cheat any more between friends, it is not any more the sorrow to play charts.
  • I found myself only in a city where I knew anybody. The relations, one does them in the bars, and it is seldom the president of the Chamber of commerce.

Word

  • The words which have a noble sound always contain beautiful images.
  • The chatterers are those which speak to you about the others. The bores are those which speak to you about themselves. Those which speak to you about you are brilliances talkers.
  • Important it is not only one says but what people retain.

Life and death

  • Such is the life of the men, some joys very quickly erased by unforgettable sorrows… It is not necessary to say it to the children…
  • Sorrow, it is like the tapeworm: the whole, it is to make it leave.
  • The first quality of a hero, it is to be dead and buried.
  • It is not me which cries! They is my eyes.
  • When a bad news is brought, nobody thinks of offering to you to drink.
  • For the goat, which there is moreover in vain, it is the goat.
  • When somebody is loved, they is alarming as one thinks little of the others…
  • Everyone knows well that it is in the navy that there are the most cuckolds.
  • César: Dedicated, the dogs also give the life. The Father, Marius, It is that which likes.

Of God and atheism

  • The punishment of incroyant, it will be perhaps the forgiveness of God.

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