The town of Marbourg (in German Marburg ) is the chief town of the district of Marbourg-Biedenkopf, in Hesse (Germany). It is crossed by the river Lahn. It is a free city since the 12th century, during which it acquired the municipal autonomy. From this heritage rises the special statute available to still today the city, like six other towns of Hesse.

Philips-Universität de Marbourg, founded in 1527, is oldest of the Protestant Université S of Germany. She plays a particularly important part for the brand image of the city and is narrowly mixed with the municipal identity.

Geography

Physical geography

The town of Marbourg is located halfway between Francfort-sur-le-Main and Cassel. It is distant from each one of them of approximately 77 km. The university town of Gießen is located has approximately 27 km in the south of Marbourg. The center town of Marbourg extends on 9 km from north in the south and on 6 km of is in west. It is crossed by Lahn, of Lahnberge in the east with the Marburger Rücken in the west.

June 30th, 2005, 78.412 inhabitants lived in Marbourg.

Municipal geography

The town of Marbourg functions according to the principle of the Fédéralisme since it was amalgamated with eighteen other communes in 1974:

  • Bauerbach (1 630 inhabitants);
  • Bortshausen (245 inhabitants);
  • Cappel (approximately 6.500 inhabitants);
  • Cyriaxweimar (approximately 600 inhabitants);
  • Dagobertshausen (441 inhabitants);
  • Dilschhausen (178 inhabitants);
  • Elnhausen (1 275 inhabitants);
  • Ginseldorf (817 inhabitants);
  • Gisselberg (915 inhabitants);
  • Haddamshausen (580 inhabitants);
  • Hermershausen (406 inhabitants);
  • Marbach (3 250 inhabitants);
  • Michelbach (approximately 1.900 inhabitants);
  • Moischt (approximately 1.200 inhabitants);
  • Ockershausen (approximately 5.600 inhabitants);
  • Richtsberg (approximately 9.000 inhabitants);
  • Ronhausen (242 inhabitants);
  • Schröck (1 838 inhabitants);
  • Wehrda (approximately 8.000 inhabitants);
  • Wehrshausen (807 inhabitants).

These communes are managed by a Municipal council common and a Maire ( Oberbürgermeister , currently Egon Vaupel - SPD) elected to the Universal direct suffrage. The communes are also represented in local councils, the Ortsbeiräte . There are also antennas external of the municipal administration in Cappel, Marbach and Wehrda.

History

Foundation of the city and the Middle Ages

Although recent excavations highlighted the existence of a castle as of the 9th-10th century at Marbourg, the city really took importance only in 1228, when the Elisabeth duchess of Thuringe, also known under the name of holy Elisabeth of Hungary, decided to settle there. Become widowed and driven out by her brothers-in-law who showed it to dissipate in Aumône S the treasures of the State, Elisabeth decided to come in Marbourg, where it adorned the dress of the third order of Saint-François and devoted the last years of her life to charity works, making inter alia building an old people's home for stripped of Marbourg. She died in twenty-four years. Its Canonization was marked as of 1235 by Gregoire IX and a Basilique was built in Marbourg (1235 - 1283) in remembering the benefits of this personality which deeply marked the history of Marbourg, since pilgrims followed one another of number to honor its Relique S, and made it possible the town of experience a significant development.

Early middle ages

In 1248, Sophie of the Brabant, the girl of holy Elisabeth, is made acclaim by the people of Marbourg with his three year old son, thus posing the foundations of the duchy of Hesse. Marbourg was then the residence of the dukes of Hesse of 1248 with 1604. It is in 1527, during the Réforme, that the duke Philippe Magnanime founded the first Protestant university, which was and is always one of the main motors of the urban development.

Modern period

It is thanks to its university that Marbourg experienced its development, and more particularly thanks to the known personalities which studied there or taught. Among the professors, one could count Denis Papin, the inventor of the Steam engine (about 1690), the Juriste Friedrich Carl von Savigny (about 1800), the Chimiste Robert Bunsen (about 1850), the Médecin Emil Adolf von Behring or the Philosophe Martin Heidegger. Famous personalities also studied in Marburg, inter alia: the scientist and Russian writer Mikhaïl Lomonossov (1736 - 1739), the Russian Poet Boris Pasternak (1912 - 1914), the poet and philosopher Gertrud von the Fort (1913 - 1914), the philospohe, sociologist and Political economist Hannah Arendt (1924 - 1926).

Philips-Universität experienced an important development after the annexation of Marbourg by the Prussia in 1866, development due mainly to the growth of the city itself. In a few decades, the number of inhabitants multiplied by three, and that of the students by ten.

Second world war

The Jewish community of Marbourg counted 341 members in 1933. In 1938, at the time of the Night of crystal, the Synagog was burned by SA. In 1941, the members of the community who had not emigrated were off-set with Rīga, Theresienstadt or in the death camps of the East. After the war, only fifteen people returned from the concentration camps. A new community was founded, which counted approximately 350 members in 2006. Marbourg was almost not damaged by the allied Bombardement S of the end of the Second world war, except for the district of the station, which was partially destroyed and rebuilds since. The remainder of the city thus preserves its medieval aspect. At the end of the war, Marbourg had, like almost all the German towns of intermediate size, to accommodate a big number of refugees coming from the bombarded big cities.

Development after 1945

As before, the university remains one of the most important factors of development of Marbourg, since it employs six thousand people and accommodates seventeen thousand students (approximately a quarter of the population of the city). It is only since 1945 that developed a dense network of small and average Industrie S in Marbourg. Among the current economic imperatives of Marbourg, one can quote the transformation of the city into economic center of Investissement, particularly in the field of technologies of the future. It is necessary here again to point out the importance of symbiosis between the city and the university, whose fields of research recover almost all the technology sectors. Another of the contemporary projects of Marbourg consists in the restoration of the historical downtown area. This building site, started in 1972, made it possible to restore the half-timbered houses which decorate the quasi-integrality of the city.

Policy

The Municipal council ( Stadtverordnetenversammlung )

The municipal council is elected every six years by the universal direct suffrage. It is a vote by list to elect the fifty-nine representatives who will sit every month at the municipal councils. At the time of the last elections, in 2006, a coalition gathering the SPD and the Greens ( Die Grüne ) obtained the majority of the seats (twenty and ten). The CDU as for it had obtained nineteen seats, the Marburger Linke (local list of Extreme left) five and FDP three.

The mayor ( Oberbürgermeister )

The Oberbürgermeister is the holder of the Executive power on the level of communal and is elected directly by the citizens. Current the Oberbürgermeister is Egon Vaupel (SPD).

Armorial bearings of the city

The armorial bearings of Marbourg represent, on a red bottom, the duke of Hesse overlapping a white Cheval, with the hand a Drapeau and its shield. On the shield, one can see the Lion of Hesse and on the flag the M blue and gold of the city is represented.

Twinnings

Culture and inheritance

Monuments

If Venice is known for its hundreds of Pont S, Marbourg is without question for its lanes and its Escalier S. Jacob Grimm, whereas it was student in Marbourg, wrote: “I believe that there are more steps in the streets than in the houses. ” In Marbourg, the Middle Ages are still perceptible, visible, sensitive, making say to Boris Pasternak: “If this city were only one city. Isn't it also a medieval Conte of fairies? ”

The Holy-Elisabeth church is the Gothic first church built on the German ground and probably the most known monument of Marbourg. It was raised by the teutonic Ordre in the honor of holy Elisabeth of Hungary, whose tomb is in the church. Its construction began in 1235, when Elisabeth de Thuringe was béatifiée and was completed in 1283.

The castle of Marbourg was built at the 11th century. In addition to its historical value as a main home of the dukes of Hesse, the castle of Marbourg has also a great interest architectural Art istic and . It conceals also an important collection recalling the history of Marbourg since the Stone Age.

The old city of Marbourg concentrates a big number of half-timbered houses, which were the subject of a restructuring plan of long life to be able to be preserved.

The town hall, which goes back to 1527, is located in the middle of the old city. Its Clock, surmounted by a cock which beats wings every hour, is one of attractions of the city.

The Spiegellustturm (also called Kaiser-Wilhelm-Turm in the honor of the emperor Guillaume  I {{er}} of Germany) offers a beautiful point of view since the Lahnbergen. This place is a place of escapade since the period romantic. This turn was built in 1872 thanks to the donations of benefactors in remembering the unification of the German Empire and the Franco-German Guerre of 1870. It was inaugurated only in 1890. The name of Spiegellust comes Werner Freiherr von Spiegel zum Desenberg, which studied in Marbourg at the 19th century, and which was the first to transform this place, formerly called Köhlers Ruhe , in place of excursion, while making there build a house.

Museums

The town of Marbourg has six Musée S, of which five belong to the university:
  • the university museum of the Art schools (Biegenstraße 11);
  • the museum of local history (in the castle of the dukes of Hesse);
  • the mineralogical museum (Firmaneiplatz, close to the Holy-Elisabeth church);
  • the museum of childhood and the school (Barfüßertor 5, only open to the groups, from April at September the dimache from 11 to 1 p.m.);
  • Kunsthalle (Gerhard-Jahn-Platz 5);
  • the first museum of the German police force (Hermannstr. 200, open one Sunday per month from April to October).

One can find two also there private galleries and several workshops of art which often propose Exposition S.

Green areas

Marbourg is a city where nature is very present. It is bordered in the east by Lahnberge, covered with forests. In the west, the hills are crowned by the castle and the old city, behind which the municipal forest and the forest extend from Wehrdaer. In the north and the south of the city are cultivated fields.

The Lahn crosses Marbourg but is not navigable there. One of the arms of Lahn runs out through the center town, while in the southern districts Lahn is divided into two to form an small island. Lahn is bordered of lawns on which the students of Marbourg come to take the sun or to make Barbecue S.Y are also arranged many ways of pleasant Randonnée and one can bathe in small water levels open to the bathe in the south and the north of the city.

To a few hundred meters in the south of the Holy-Elisabeth church is the old man Botanical garden of the university of Marbourg. Founded in 1811, it is one of the rare examples of application of the art of the garden to English the to a garden to scientific vocation. This garden lets today still level the traces of its past, of the natural science of Carl von Linné with the botany of laboratory, while passing by the geography of the plants of Alexander von Humboldt.

Events

  • At the end of February - at the beginning of March: Marburg Northampton Poitiers Festival : festival organized since 1995 by the association of the musicians of Marbourg (three days, sixty groups).
Marburger Kameragespräche (Verleihung of the Preises, Werkschau der Preisträger)--->
  • Mars: Week of the theater for children and teenagers, organized by the regional theater of Hesse de Marbourg
  • From the last weekend of April: fair of spring during nine days, on the " Marburger Messeplatz".
  • April 30th at the evening: Traditional songs of May
  • Day of the Corpus Christi: Festival a-cappella „Nacht der Stimmen “(the night of the voices) on the scene in the open air of the park of the castle.
  • First week of June: Festival for children „Ramba Zamba “, organized by the culture section of the town hall
  • Last week of June: Celebrates of summer of the university Innenstadtgelände (5 Bühnen)
  • First weekend of July: Marktfrühschoppen
  • Second weekend of July: city celebrates: „3 Tage Marburg “(3 days with Marbourg) with 10 scenes, of the races of oar (Drachenboot), a fireworks…
  • From July 13rd to 16th: Festival of short-measuring OpenEyes
  • July-August: Academy of summer of Marbourg (Course of art, theater, music…)
  • At the beginning of August: „Summer in the City “Festival of street organized by the arts center with live music…
  • Second weekend of October: Fair of Elisabeth with a whole program associated
  • First weekend with November: Market of objects of craft industry in Marburger Stadthalle
  • December: Market of Christmas around the Holy Church Elisabeth, market of the Advent in front of the town hall

Sport

  • female Basketball: BC Marburg (champion of Germany 2003)

Personalities

Only the personalities are indexed here which remained in Marburg for a long time, and not those which remained only briefly there, like Lomonossow, Heinemann, Meinhof or Heidegger.

  • Holy Elisabeth of Hungary (1207 - 1231)

  • Henri Ier de Hesse (1244 - 1308) - First duke of Hesse
  • Philippe Ier de Hesse says Magnanime (1504 - 1567) - the duke Philippe is the founder of the university of Marbourg (1527)
  • Adam Lonitzer ( Lonicerus ) (1528 - 1586) - Botanist, naturalist and German doctor, mainly known for its book " Kreütterbuch"
  • Denis Papin (1647 - 1712) - Inventive of the steam engine, to which the university of Marbourg gave a pulpit of mathematics in 1687
  • Christian Wolf (1679 - 1754) - Professor and philosopher, one of the largest philosophers of the Aufklärung (cultural movement are equivalent of the German philosophers of the Lights).
  • Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, more known under the name of brothers Grimm (1785/86 - 1863/59) - These two linguists and collectors of tales followed studies of right to the university of Marbourg
  • Friedrich Carl von Savigny (1779-1861) - Erudite German lawyer who created the historical school of right
  • Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) - Chemist
  • Ferdinand Braun (1850 - 1918) - inventive Physicist of the Cathode tube (tube of Braun), rewarded by a Nobel Prize in 1909
  • Emil Adolf von Behring (1854 - 1917) - Army medical officer and professor of hygiene at the medical college of the university of Marbourg, first Nobel Prize of medicine in 1901
  • Otto Hahn (1879 - 1968) - German Physicist who made his studies with Marbourg. One of the inventors of nuclear fission
  • Alfred Wegener (1880 - 1930) - Astronomer and German, mainly known meteorologist for its theory of the continental drift published in 1915. Doctorate at the university of Marbourg.
  • Nicolai Hartmann (1882-1950) - German Philosopher, professor at the university of Marbourg of 1920 to 1925.
  • Rudolf Bultmann (1884 - 1976) - German Theologist of religion Lutheran, promoter of the demythologisation of the New will.
  • Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (1890 - 1960) - Poet and Russian writer, author of Doctor Jivago
  • Walter Heinemeyer (1912 - 2001) - German Historian, medievist, professor of the university of Marburg.
  • Erwin Piscator (1893 - 1966) - Director and German realizer, whose Stadthalle de Marbourg bears the name. Born with Wetzlar, it grew in Marbourg
  • Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900 - 2002) - Philosopher, raises of Heidegger, born in Marbourg
  • Kurt Gerstein (1905 - 1945) - Officer Nazi who, become aware of the crime to which it is taking part, writes reports/ratios to inform of the representatives of Sweden and Papacy of the genocide. Its history is told in the film Amen of Costa Gavras.
  • Hannah Arendt (1906 - 1975) - Philosphe allmande which studied in Marbourg near Martin Heidegger.
  • Jürgen Habermas (* 1929) - Philosopher and German sociologist
  • Reinhard Hauff (* 1939) - Realizer born in Marbourg
  • Roland Suso Richter (* 1961) - Director born in Marbourg
  • Martin Schneider (* 1964) - Actor and comic, studied in Marbourg and there still saw
  • Wilhelm Weischedel - Philosopher, studied at the university of Marbourg
  • Jose Ortega there Gasset - philosopher, essay writer, man of press and Spanish politician who studied at the university of Marbourg.

Weblinks

  • - Site of the town of Marburg
  • www.stadtderarchive.de - Site of the municipal files of Marburg

See too

  • Virus Marburg

Simple: Marburg

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