Métanalyse

The métanalyse (or mécoupure ) is a phonetic Modification unspecified undergone by a word badly analyzed as for its Morphème S or in a Syntagme badly analyzed as for its lemmas. In a simpler way, it is about an error of cutting in the chain of heard sounds leading to the appearance of a new word resulting from this error from cutting.

The métanalyse can be involuntary and sanctioned by the use as an error (sometimes desired error) or lexiconized and be then counted with the row of lemma in the Lexique.

Not lexiconized Métanalyse

This type of métanalyse leading to a “error”, this one can lend to laughing, especially in the event of Word game ambiguity S. a famous example can be given: “of step tibulaire but almost” (Coluche). “Patibulaire should of course be included/understood”. The error of cutting is in the analysis in lemmas: the word “patibulaire” was included/understood like a word group made up of “step” (negation) and “tibulaire”, lemma non-existent which would mean “antipathetic”.

Lexiconized Métanalyse

All métanalyse is involuntary; some, however, acquire in the language a standardized statute. It is said that they are lexiconized. Affixe S métanalysés become for example productive (they make it possible to build new words), even obtain the statute of lemma to whole share.

Starting from bus , Latin word composed of a radical omni- “all” and of a Ending - bus (plural Dative) meaning “for all” (implied: “vehicle”), the language gave rise to bus , on the automobile model of , as if drunk were a radical indicating the idea of “public vehicle” (it had been just for the direction to choose the morpheme omni ). A bus is thus a “public vehicle which moves disappeared during composition from the word alone”. Starting from bus was formed, by Aphérèse, the Lexème drunk . One can thus speak about the formation of a substantive starting from an ending: it is a Hypostase by métanalyse.

In addition, the current language likes to form new terms starting from Morphème S sometimes métanalysés: it is the case for the suffix - rowed, initially present in the word panorama (appeared in French at the end of the 18th century), of the Greek “vision (- orama) total (side)”. The existence of correctly built terms as diorama (in French starting from the first part of the 19th century) - of di- “through” (by elision of the dia- has in front of the following vowel) and orama - a métanalyse allowed: one took dio- for a form of the prefix dia- thus the remainder, - rowed , for the radical of the vision. Thus terms appeared as diaporama (of dia- + positive > slide apocope in slide + - rowed ) or Télérama (of tele (vision) rowed ).

The lexiconized métanalyse is frequent in all the languages:

the definite article of the Arab ال ʾal , by Agglutination, was included very often in the loans made by the Castillan, where number of words come from Arabic begin with Al : أَلْقُطْن ʾal-quṭn gives (el) Al godón (but in French: (it) cotton , without the Arab article);
in French, agglutination and Déglutination also meet: ivy is a métanalyse by agglutination of “the ierre” ( edre as former French, of the Latin will hedera ), the morello cherry is a form métanalysée by deglutination for “the agriotte” (Mot borrowed from the Occitan agriota ; sour cf );
in creole of the Guadeloupe, the case is identical: certain names come from an agglutination by métanalyse: dlo for “water”, starting from of water , monpè for “father” (religious term: “cleaned”), starting from my father , lari “street” starting from the street , etc;
in Greek modern, from many words comes from a métanalyse by agglutination of the definite article: μάτι máti , “eye”, goes back to τὸ ὀμμάτιον tò ommátion , “the eye” (where τὸ is the neutral article), pronounced in medieval Greek τ' ομάτιον you omátion by elision of the article and Simplification of the geminated μμ mm in μ m then τ' ομάτι you omáti by Apocope of the dull finale, the whole being métanalysé by deglutination in τὸ μάτι to máti ;
English terms: nickname ( ekename , “nickname”) and apron ( napron , “mat”): by métalanyse after intervention of the popular etymology;
in the Romance languages, the future is built on endings coming from an auxiliary verb métanalysé then hypostasié: (I) will finish analyzes itself in (I) to finish + have , that is to say (I) have (with) to finish . In the same way in Castilian: cantaré = cantar + (H) E , “I to sing + have”, etc

Standard of phonetic modifications;
Agglutination and Déglutination;
Lexiconizing.

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Métanalyse

Not lexiconized Métanalyse

Lexiconized Métanalyse

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