Lucien Quélet

Lucien Quélet is a Naturaliste and Mycologue French of world famous, born on July 14th 1832 with Montécheroux (Doubs) and dead August 25th 1899 with Hérimoncourt at the 68 years age.

During the first time of the scientific Mycology, whose bases were thrown by Persoon, Bulliard, Schaeffer and especially by the founder of its Systematic, Fries, Lucien Quélet contributes strongly to common work and remains the dominant figure of the French school of mycology.

Its mycologic Flora of France and the countries bordering will be one of the great classics of the science of the higher Champignons. This major work, supplemented by its followers Frederic Battles (1850-1946) and François Margaine (1900-1970), introduced nearly four hundred new species and proposes a new classification of the mushrooms which, at the same time including and upsetting that of Fries, will be at the base with the mycologic Systématique of the 19th century.

Excel observant and talented painter, his many watercolours were deposited with the national Muséum of natural history of Paris.

It was moreover one of the founders of the mycologic Société of France in 1884 of which he became the first president, then the honorary president.

Biography

Lucien Quélet was born in a family from farmers, with Montécheroux, on July 14th 1832. Orphan as of his youth, and raised by his aunts, it shows predispositions for painting, the Latin and especially for the Natural science, initially the Géologie and the Archéologie, then the butterfly S and the plants which it collects. Under the influence of his uncles, pastors Protesting S and “mycophiles” which takes it along to herborize, it is impassioned very early for mushrooms.

After traditional studies with the college of Montbeliard (graduate be-letters), it gives up the seminar protesting to pass its vat be-sciences, and studies the Médecine with Strasbourg where it supports his thesis Essai on the syphilis of the liver .

Doctor of medicine at 24 years, it installs his cabinet in 1856 with Hérimoncourt (close to Montbeliard) where it Marie and will reside until his death, at 67 years, on August 25th, 1899.

During twenty years, divided between its medical practice and its passion for the natural science, he studies the plants Phanérogame S, then the Cryptogame S. After having published a first “Catalog of the Mousse S, Sphaigne S and Hépatique S of the surroundings of Montbeliard”, published in 1869 in the Mémoires of the Company of emulation of Montbeliard , he gives up medicine to devote himself fully to the study of the Champignons.

Its first mycologic study, the Mushrooms of the Jura and the Vosges , appears as from 1872, followed by 22 supplements and 2 out of the ordinary, illustrated by superb boards, work which will be worth the money medal to him to the contest of the Learned societies in the Sorbonne in 1876, then the Prix Desmazières, decreed by the Institute in 1878.

Fine observer, its extraordinary memory allied with its methodical and critical spirit allows him soon, not only to describe many new species, but also to contribute to their systematic and to correspond, even in Latin, with the largest mycologists of its time: Boudier, Bresadola, Cooke, Patouillard and especially its Master Swedish, Magnus Elias Fries.

At the top of its maturity, it gives up little by little the classification of Fries to outline his, which it will publish in 1885 in its second work, written in Latin, “ Enchiridion Fungorum in Europa media and præsertim in Gallia vigentium (1886), ”, which will be rewarded in 1886 by the Prix Mountain decreed by the Institute.

Then it delivers in 1888 its main work: the “ mycologic Flora of France and the countries bordering ”. This gigantic work of synthesis will upset the designs of the time and will become a world reference for the mycology of higher mushrooms.

Towards the end of its life, Quélet is done more eclectic and seems to return somewhat to its young loves, being interested more in the Ornithologie, the Malacologie (study of molluscs) and especially being studied of the Coléoptères.

Major works

1869 : “Catalog of foams, sphaignes and hepatic of the Country of Montbeliard”, Memories of the Company of emulation of Montbeliard , V (2nd Series): 43-332 (1st Supplement: 317-321), pl. I-XXIII + Ipl. double, coll
1873: - Mushrooms of the Jura and the Vosges (2nd Part). Mém. plowshare of Emul. from Montbeliard V (2nd Series): 333-427 (2nd Supplement: 338-360), pl. IV, coll
1873: - Mushrooms of the Jura and the Vosges (1st and 2nd Parts + 1st and 2nd Supplements). 424p., 24+ 5pl. coll. (Paris and Montbeliard).
1870-1875: “Mushrooms of the Jura and the Vosges”. Work dedicated to Elias Fries, illustrated beautiful boards colors of the author. He was published in three volumes in the Mémoires of the Company of emulation of Montbeliard . He will be supplemented by twenty two supplements, published of 1875 to 1902 with the collaboration of Frederic Bataille (1850-1946) for the monographs of the principal kinds. Total 438 pp. and 37 pl. coul.
1878: L. Quélet and M.C. Cooke] - “Clavis Synoptica Hymenomycetum europaearum”. 240p. (London). I: 139 (1879)
1879: - “Mushrooms recently observed in Normandy, around Paris and of the La Rochelle, in Alsace, in Switzerland and in the mountains of the Jura and the Vosges”. suppl. 9. , Bull. Plowshare Friends Sc Nat. Rouen , sér. II, 15 pp. 151-184, 195 + pl. i-iii. 1880,1-35.
1884: - “Outline of useful or harmful qualities of mushrooms. ” 22p. (Bordeaux). of Mém. plowshare of Sc phys. and nat. of Bordeaux
1886: - “ Enchiridion fungorum in Europa Media and præsertim in Gallia vigentium ” (Manual of Mushrooms found in Central Europe, and particulièment in France), 352 pp. One of the two fundamental works in which it exposes its system of classification.
1888: - “Mycologic Flora of France and the countries bordering”, 492 pp., Paris, Octave Doin ED. This second work exposing its classification is the source of the majority of the names of kinds, in particular of Polyporaceae.
1891: Quélet, L. & Contejean, Charles - “Enumeration of the plants phanérogames of Montbeliard”
1902: Quélet, L. & Battle, F. - “monographic Flora of the Amanites and the Lépiote S”, 88 pp.

Principal let us tax (name. Nov.) describe by Quélet

Among many kinds created by Quélet, one will quote:

Calyptella, Gyroporus, Leptoporus, Omphalina, Phellinus, Rhodophyllus, Sarcodon, Stropharia, Phylloporus, Xerocomus .

and nearly two hundred species and subspecies, of which:

Agaricus bitorquis (Quélet) Saccardo; Amanita coccola VAr. barlae , A. eliae , Auricularia auricula VAr. lactea , Bondarzewia Montana (Quélet) Singer, Calocera expallens , Cantharellus friesii , Clavariadelphus truncatus (Quélet) Donk, Collybia dryophila VAr. aurata , Coprinus friesii , C. gonophyllus , C. tuberosus , C. velatus , Cordyceps larvicola , C. odyneri , Cortinarius bibulus , C. crocolitus , C. lebretonii , C. sulfurinus , Cyphella albocarnea , Entoloma nitidum , Hebeloma sachariolens , Helvella albella , Hydnotria jurana , Hydnum repandum VAr. album , Hygrocybe nigrescens , Hygrophorus bresadolae , H. hyacinthinus , Inocybe will asterospora , I. will calospora , I. corydalina , I. grammata , I. praetervisa , I. tenebrosa , I. umbratica , Lactarius decipiens , L. spinulosus , L. vinosus , Lentinus gallicus , Lepiota castanea , L. forquignoni , Marasmius bulliardii , Mr. oreades VAr. longipes , Mr. torquescens , Mycena crocata VAr. vogesiana , Mr. cyanorrhiza , Mr. renatii , Mr. seynesii , Paxillus panuoides VAr. ionipus , Peziza ampelina , P. boltoni , P. buxea , P. crassipes , P. infuscata , P. irina , P. palustris , P. uxea , Pseudobaeospora pillodii , Ramaria versatilis , Russula amethystina , R. amoena , R. atrorubens , R. badia , R. barlae , R. fusca , R. incarnata , R. insignis , R. lateritia , R. lilacea , R. melliolens , R. weakened , R. raoultii , R. serotina , R. smaragdina , R. violacea , R. violeipes , R. violeipes fo. citrina , Stephensia bombycina VAr. crocea , Stereum insignitum , Terfezia castanea , Tricholoma orirubens , To tube bellonae , T. fulgens , T. mougeotii , T. mutabile , Xerocomus rubellus .

Let us tax dedicated to Quélet

Fries dedicated the kind Queletia to him and an about sixty species were dedicated to him by the mycologists the whole world, under the epithet of queletii or queletianus (- um):

Boletus (Tubiporus), Bovista, Cantharellus, Cellularia, Ceratellopsis, Clitocybe, Coprinus, Corticium, Cortinarius, Craterellus, Cudonia (Cudoniella), Cyathicula, Daedalea, Dasyscyphus, Dictyopus, Entoloma, Geastrum, Globaria, Gyromitra, Hebeloma, Helvella, Hydnellum (Hydnum), Hygrophorus, Hyponectria, Inocybe, Lentinus, Lenzites, Leotia, Lepiota, Leptoglossum, Leptonia, Leptotus, Marasmius, Melanoleuca, Merulius, Metulodontia, Mycena, Nectriopsis, Odontia, Panaeolus, Phialea, Pistillaria, Pocillaria, Polyporus queletianus, Russula, Sesia, Steccherinum (Phlebia), Striglia, Helvella queletiana, Russula queletiana, To tube queletianum

Some subspecies: Boletus rutilus VAr. queletii , Lactarius bertillonii VAr. queletii , Lentinellus bisus F. queletii , Russula drimeia VAr. queletii , Inocybe eutheles VAr. queletii , Hohenbuehelia (Geopetalum) geogenia VAr. queletii , Lepiota gracilenta VAr. queletii , Boletus luridus VAr. queletiformis

References

Boudier, E.M. (1899) - “Note on Dr. L. Quélet”, Bulletin of the Mycologic Company of France 15 : 321-325
Thiry, G. (1913) - “a memory of Quélet”, Bull. Mycol plowshare. France 29 : (2 pages)
Gilbert, E.J. (1949) - “a work - a spirit. Lucien Quélet”, Bull. Mycol plowshare. France 65 : 5-33
Gilbert, E.J. (1984) - “mycology and doctors”, Bull. Mycol plowshare. France 100 : CCX-CCXVII, (in Book of gold of the centenary )
Grossetete, J.J. 1986 “Mycologues Inhabitant of Franche-Comté, a tradition” - university Thesis n° the 25-86-044 constant on October 16th, 1986 - Medical college and of pharmacy of Besancon, p.1-200

Random links: