Lorient
Lorient ( Year Breton Oriant in ) is a common French, located in the department of the Morbihan and the area Brittany.
Its inhabitants is called the Lorientais (be) .
Geography
Situation
Lorient is a French city of Brittany, Chef-lieu of a Arrondissement of the Département of Morbihan (56). Its name is An Oriant in unified Breton orthography and In Oriant in Breton orthography vannetaise traditional. This city is located at the mouth of the Blavet and the Scorff which are thrown in the Rade of Lorient, in the Atlantic Ocean. The commune is located at 503 km in the west of Paris, at 153 km in the south-west of Rennes and at 135 km in the south-east of Brest.
The city belongs to the Pays of Lorient, which includes/understands several cities: Ploemeur, Larmor-Beach, Lorient, Quéven, Guidel, Gestel, Bridge-Scorff, Cléguer, Caudan, Lanester, Hennebont, Inzinzac-Lochrist, Languidic, Brandérion, Port-Louis, Riantec, Locmiquélic, Gâvres, Island of Groix.
The commune gathers various districts: Wood of the Castle (1970), Keryado (1947), Holy Armel, Kerentrech, Gaillec, Manio, Kerdual, Kervenanec, Lanveur, Keroman, Kergroise, Carnel, Kerfichant, Kerolay, Kerguestenen, Mir, the New City, the City out of Wooden, Kermélo, For the third time, Kerlin, Merville, the New City, the " boils of the monde" , St Maudé, the Chip, Quehélio, Kervaric, Keryvalant, the Fountain of the English, Kerforn, the small one and the large Beater, Kreisker, Kerguillet, Parco, Soye.
Climate
Littoral climate (oceanic), it is soft in winter and relatively moderate during the summer. Indeed, rare are the days of cold in winter and the temperatures reach seldom more than 30 degrees Celsius for the summer season. Annual pluviometry lies between 750 and 850mm, as on a good part of the Atlantic fringe, which extends from the mouth of Laïta (Guidel 56) at the Spanish border.
History
Prehistory and Antiquity
The presence of monuments Mégalithique S confirm the settlement of the Country of Lorient as from 3.000 years before J.C. Vestiges of Roman ways (connecting Valves to Quimper and Port-Louis with Carhaix) confirm the occupation of the Gallo-Roman ones.
Birth of Lorient
Lorient is created in 1666 to answer the development of the Compagnie of the Indies Orientales (French), founded by Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1664 with Port-Louis. The exiguity of Port-Louis involves the installation of the shipyard in a zone of named waste land " Faouëdic " located upstream Port-Louis, with the junction of the Scorff and Blavet. The first built vessel is the " Sun of Orient". The inhabitants, who had taken the practice to go to " The orient" to see its advance, gave its name to the new city.The Breton name " Year Oriant" 'is a posterior translation with the creation of the city, the city having been created by Décret of the King of France with a name of French language.
The prosperity of the Company of the Indies supports a very fast growth of this new city whose population passes from 6.000 to 20.000 inhabitants between 1702 and 1720.
This growth ended in 1763 with the loss of the principal French possessions in India (treated of Paris signed at the conclusion of the Guerre Seven Year old).
In 1770, the king buys the port and makes of it a royal arsenal which a long time will constitute the first pole of activity of the city.
Lorient grows rich by the Traite Blacks, practiced inter alia on the ships Saint-Louis of 1729 with 1731 and the Dawn in 1784.
A wearing of war is created by Napoleon. Sub-prefecture of garrison, the city extends (commercial port, new city) and is disenclosed slowly (station of railroad in 1865).
The development of Lorient at the 20th century
The fishing port develops after the war of 1914-1918: the appearance of the engine on the boats of fishing makes Lorient as competitive as Groix and Étel. The fishing port of Kéroman is created starting from 1920.In 1941, the Germans, who occupy France then, choose to establish in Kéroman their general headquarter of the underwater fleet Lorient will be almost entirely shaven in 1943 - 1944 by the allied bombardments which will fail in the objective to destroy the base of the submarines, in spite of the discharge of 4 000 tons of bombs.
The German garrison will deposit the weapons only on May 10th 1945, it is the rendering of the Pocket of Lorient. The town of Lorient, " died for France" , with the Légion of honor in 1949 is decorated and with the Military Cross 1939-1945.
In April 1945, the ministry for the rebuilding recommends the provisional construction of huts out of wooden. These hutments were delivered in kit and it was enough to assemble them on the spot. One counts in 1948, twenty-eight cities under the authority of the town of Lorient, the agglomeration will count of it more than one additional score distributed between the towns of Ploemeur, Lanester, Hennebont, Quéven. These provisional districts, sometimes composed of more than 280 houses. Each one of these huts had different specificities according to their origin (Swedish, Finnish, Swiss, French, American, Canadian). The period known as provisional will last between 10 and 40 years according to the establishments. The largest city of the rebuilding, Soye, will see its last hut leaving in 1991. A recent associative project, supported by the municipalities with license to reimplant one of them in order to keep traces of these huts out of wooden.
The close downtown area and suburbs are gradually rebuilt during the twenty years which will follow. In the downtown area, only some buildings remain to testify to the time of the Company of the Indies.
Heraldic and currency
The armorial bearings of the town of Lorient were fixed in 1744: One ecu of mouths to a money vessel sailing on a sinople sea and a gold sun rising behind money mountains, posed with the right side of the ecu and a sown money canton of mouchetures of sand hermines. The ecu having a chief of azure sown of gold besants and surmounted by a triton to the naturalness, having the bottom of the body in the fish shape, holding of the right hand a horn of plenty, and left a shell in the shape of horn, which it carries to his mouth to be used as horn . The mountains represent the kaolin exploitation; the sun refers to the ship the Sun of the East , and the hermines Brittany. The currency of Lorient east Ab directs refulget (It is the East which it resplendit)
Demography
Estimated population: 58.400 hab . in fall of 1,9% since 1999
Age brackets:
- 0-19: 22%
- 20-39 : 30%
- 40-59 : 24%
- 60 and +: 24%
- Owner S 42%
- Tenant S 56%
Administration
Mayors
See also: Contenu= to see the article ''' [[List of the mayors of Lorient]] '''
Norbert Métairie is the mayor of Lorient since April 2nd 1998.
The municipal council
The Municipal council is made of thirteen associated with the mayor and of Trent-and-a city council men. The municipal council of the children was created in 1988. Once per quarter, the adults, the Mayor, the Municipal council and the children meet to speak about the problems: the respect of the environment, the respect of the rights of the child, the concern of improving the framework of life…
Cantons
Lorient amalgamated with a small close commune, Keryado, in 1947.Lorient is divided into three cantons:
- the canton of Lorient-Center counts 14 803 inhabitants;
- the canton of Lorient-North counts 22 020 inhabitants;
- the canton of Lorient-South counts 22 366 inhabitants.
The budget
An important part of the investment and operational budget of the communes of the agglomeration of Lorient is shared within a EPCI, Cape the East , gathering 19 communes and 188.988 inhabitants (2006). This one ensures an important role in town planning, the organization of transport in commun runs, economic development, the formation and housing.
Cape the East directly manages the collection of the household refuse in 13 communes of the agglomeration, the green areas of the agglomeration, the distribution and the invoicing of drinking water in Lorient and Lanester. Other activities are managed within the framework of companies of mixed economy - Sellor for the marinas, Lorient-Keroman for the fishing port, Segepex for the Exhibition site and the Palate of the congresses - and of privately held companies - CTRL for public transport, Loris for the collecting of household waste in six communes, Audelor for economic development and the projects of installation of the agglomeration).
In 2006, the budget of 234 million euros included 93 M€ in investment with in particular:
- reconversion of the Base of submarines by the creation of a village of companies and a city of the veil (10,9 M€),
- work of setting in exclusive right of way of routes of public transport (Triskell building site 16 M€),
- the creation of park of activity (3,45 M€),
- extension of the high speed network (1,2 M€)
Economy
Total employment in the community of agglomeration: 75.000 including 66.000 paid, distributed as follows:- 34% education, health, social action, administration
- 25% industry and building
- 14% trade
- 24% other tertiary sectors
- 3% fishing and Applicant for work agriculture
- : 8.000 (category 1)
Port activity
The town of Lorient was at one time called " The city to the five ports" (soldier, fishing, trade, travellers and pleasure).
-
Port of fishing of Kéroman: 27.000 tonnes/an (1st fishing port of France in commercial value of unloaded fish, one must speak even today about terminal fishmonger!)
- Port of trade of Kergroise: 2,6 Million tonnes/an whose Oil products 1,1 MT, Feedingstuffs 0,9 MT, Sands 0,5 MT; containers: nonsignificant (figures 2005)
- Port of pleasure: 1426 places on let us bridge distributed on the wearing of Lorient (350), Kernevel (739), Port-Louis (203), Gâvres (44) and Guidel (90) (cf Marinas of the Country of Lorient)
- port travellers: 450.000 passages/an towards the islands of Groix and military Belle-Ile-en-mer
- port: nearly 3800 soldiers work between the arsenal and Lann Bihoué.
Industrial activity
DCNS, a private company of naval constructions and SBFM Breton company of mechanical foundries
Tertiary sector
Lorient is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Morbihan. It manages the airport, the fishing port of Kéroman, the marina and the commercial port of Kergroise.
Transport
Urban service
-
the joint grid system: CTRL currently exploits 22 lines of bus, and 6 lines maritime. September 3rd, 2007, the layout and the appelltion of the lines will be completely changed. To allow this change of layout dedicated to racourcir the run time of the buses, a project, Triskell is set up. It includes in particular, the construction of a bridge connecting Lorient to Lanester, named " Bridge of Indes" , the accessible construction of quays for the buses, and of the acquisition of new buses 11 Drunk standards Heuliez GX 327 and 8 articulated Irisbus Citelis 18, meeting the standard of depollution EEV) for a easier access to the people to reduced mobility.
- the boat-taxi: allows the crossings Lorient Île of Groix, or roads of Lorient
- visit it the bicycle: The city built many cycle tracks, and offers services of hirings of bicycles (for students, tourists,…)
Departmental service and national
- departmental coaches: serve all the Morbihan.
- TGV: each day, the company offers eight ways and return ticket between Paris and Lorient and three between Lyon and Lorient. Many regional daily connections are possible between Vannes, Quimper and Rennes.
- Ferry: allow the connection between Lorient and Belle-Île-en-Mer or Lorient and the Île of Groix.
- the highway network
- Airport of Lann-Bihoué, located at Ploemeur. The companies offer four daily rotations between Lorient and Paris and three daily rotations between Lorient and Lyon.
Culture - Leisures
-
the C between D ramatic D E B retagne also called National theater of Brittany
- the Large Theater: it aims to accommodate all the forms of theater, music, of dance,…
- the Theater of the Dream: several theaters offer the various shapes of Article
- the museum of the Company of the Indies de Port-Louis: it is located, since 1984, in a building giving on the place of weapons of Port-Louis
- the Shelter anti-bombs - Memorial of the destroyed city: it recreated the context of alarms during the war and pays homage to the civilian victims.
- Thalassa, oceanographical ship
- the Underwater Museum of the Tower Davis
- the Museum of the flotilla of the submarines of the Atlantic, created in 1995, date of the closing of the base of the submarines of Keroman.
- the Hut (Park of Soye)
- the Horse-gear (which celebrated its 10 years in 2006)
- the Studios
- space Cosmao-Dumanois
- the media library: offer various information supports (Internet, books, CD…)
- the City of the Veil Eric-Tabarly must open his doors in April 2008.
- the base of submarines of Kéroman: largest of the bases of German submarines of the Second world war, the base of Kéroman, was built in Lorient. Today the block K3 (K for Kéroman) is visited all the year, one thus discovers the base mother of the Bataille of the Atlantic. Top of the roof, one also has a unspoilable view on the roads of Lorient and the old general headquarter of Karl Dönitz.
- the zoo of Scorff
museums of the neighborhoods:
-
Odyssaum with Bridge-Scorff, spaces discovered wild salmon
- the house of the Île of Kerner to Riantec, space discovered of the small sea of Gâvres
- the tissery of Brandérion, space discovered of weaving
- the museum of the bicycle with Plouay, field of Menehouarne
- the museum of the press at the Village of Lannenec to Ploemeur
- the Galfers museum of the domestic iron with Bridge-Scorff
- the museum of the navy with Port-Louis
- écomusée of the forging mills of Hennebont with Inzinzac-Lochrist
- écomusée of the Île of Groix
- the museum of the turns Broërec' H to Hennebont
- the national stud farm of Hennebont, spaces discovered horse in Brittany
The town of Lorient obtained on November 24th, 2005 the label “ Ville of art and history ” on behalf of the Ministry for the Culture.
Events
Lorient says the world cultural capital of the " Celtes" nations;. So the city accommodates each year in August (since 1970) the Festival interceltic, meeting place between artists of all the “world Celte” (Brittany, Cornouailles, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Galicia, Asturies and island of Man). Every year, a Celtic country is with the honor.
Media
The head office of the regional television channel TV Breizh is established in Lorient, within the pole image developed by the city, it is used as platform of diffusion to six chain of the Groupe TF1, of which Pink TV. The pole image gathers also several audio-visual production companies as well as an auditorium of Doublage.The commune has specifically written media lorientais, the municipal magazine of information: Lorient mag .
Teaching
The town of Lorient concerns the Academy of Rennes. The schools are managed by the departmental inspection of State education of the Morbihan, street Jules Massenet in Lorient even.Public education