Literary review

See also: Review

The literary re-examined (thus NRF, for example) marked the French literature of the 20th century and will undoubtedly continue for the next century.

The review in itself is not a new kind of expression, but it was, during the century spent, a vector of research and experiments allowing many authors all at the same time to seek their own writing and to meet writings being able to correspond to their own step.
The various surrealist reviews, for example, played a considerable part of grubbing (and of deciphering). Today the world of the review is always also long-lived, and its importance is large: many sees in these means of communication an answer to the somewhat fixed proposals which govern the traditional edition - not that nothing any more large is done, but although the place left with the experimentation is increasingly thin.

The literary review place of construction of oneself

The Literary review, and this as already Ferdinand Divoire in its Introduction to the study of the literary strategy said it in 1912, are a place of construction of ego, polemics, proclamations. There would be for that only to observe the number of reviews who were scathing attacks, this to start with the movement Dada, or even of the reviews like Vortex in England. This construction of oneself, if it is marked by strong oppositions, a will of distinction, however it largely exceeds this framework. This construction of oneself is constituted as a certain form of research for the author of what can be its writing. This is why it is not rare to see before the recognition of an author for his books, a critical step of construction of its writing through reviews.

The literary review place of political commitment

Moreover reviews were not and are not only places of experimentation of the writing, but they are also places of proclamation as well political as cultural. It is what characterizes reviews like Ligne of Risk, Tiqqun , or Evidenz for the last years of the 20th century. These reviews join the gesture of reviews like that of International Situationniste , which marked the Sixties, and which was in particular directed by Guy Debord.

Evolution

End of the year 80

For a few years, one has attended a new rise of the literary reviews in France. At the end of the Eighties, a form of turning appeared. Whereas on a side, persists the company of Philippe Sollers with Infinite the, other appears on the level of the experimental literatures a change of course. First of all with the birth in 1989 of the review JAVA created by Jean-Michel Espitallier, Jacques Sivan and Vannina Maestri, then by the stop of the review TXT of Christian Prigent and creation by this one and Mathias Pérez of the re-examined Fused which makes the connection between literature of Avant-garde and the visual arts, in particular the support-surface group. This turning is followed in 1994, by the review of Olivier Cadiot and Pierre Alferi the review of general literature which will mark the spirits durably, with two imposing numbers, then between 1995 and 1998 with the Perpendicular Revue in direct link with the experiments of the contemporary art. This turning in the reviews marks an opening to new forms, which leave the concerns avant-gardists, to enter more questions carrying about the materiality of the language and the formalism. It is in this dash that is the creation of reviews like TIJA by Christophe FIAT and Anne-James Chaton with a Design worked out by Vincent Menu or the creation of the review Boxon.

In the same way little by little disappear the literary reviews general practitioners with the profit from more specialized reviews, even if in the Nineties is created the Femelle shark re-examined which crosses narration and poetry and of the files on authors of all the horizons, and in 2004, the Literary Review with the Editions Léo Scheer, of which the ambition to renew the heritage of the great reviews of the XXe century caused a charge of plagiarism of NRF on behalf of Antoine Gallimard, who did not take action pursuant to it.

The opening to Internet

Will succeed these companies, a diffusion taking its rise on Internet. This passage is explained not only by the choice of the support, but also according to socio-economic conditions. In spite of the fall of the production costs related to the democratization of technologies of the Printing works, any production company/diffusion of review is necessarily confronted with several difficulties due to the materiality of the support: 1 more or less strong geolocalisation of the diffusion; 2 manufacturing costs related to each specimen; 3 lifespan of the review. With the numerical support, and the democratization of Internet, these three limitations could be circumvented: the reviews will not be géolocalisées any more, but it will be possible to consult them of any place. The production costs are negligible compared to that of the paper medium, in particular with the appearance in years 2004-2006 of technologies related to the Web.2 such as the pre-formatted blogs. Duration of a review St pls related to its physical diffusion in sales networks or alternative, but it is permanent, owing to the fact that Internet obeys the principle of continuous publication.

Internet like simple distribution support

Internet was initially a simple place for much of diffusions of their text. This involving a form of democratization of the diffusion, and to as well exceed the economic constraints related on the review paper or the book, that academic filters of selection. First of all, with the web.1, they were only sites isolated and static, with the web.2 and the multiplication of the blogs, it is little by little of multiple sites which ramified. The best examples are the Revue resources and the Arabesques review which were at the beginning two reviews paper. In 1998 the Revue resources arrived on the Web, and, thanks to software SPIP, proposed an open review text (more than 700 articles on line in 2007). The review adapted to medium Internet and gave rise to a Internet Collectuel which regards as priority the individual and collective interaction.

Internet like new medium

If poetry founds with Internet a real turning, it is starting from the specific interrogation of the medium employed. Thus we can distinguish two manners of using this new medium: either by using it as multi-media place allowing to transmit image as well, as sound that very long texts of creation or research, or as a place of creation of a new form of poetry, specifically related to the possibilities of data-processing programming, which undertook for example the group E-criture, or Observable Transitoire.

Important literary reviews at the XXème century with the format paper

External bonds

Random links:2008 | King of the Romans | Ceffonds | Joseph Vivien | Furnace Seasons Miami Hotel | Styrofoam (musician) | Hetman