Lifting truck

A lifting truck is a machine of handling intended for the transfer of charge in the Usine S or the markets of storage. Its spheres of activity are mainly the resumption of the end products of the production lines towards the stock rooms, the loading or unloading of the means of transport the such Wagon S or Camion S, the assistance with the loading or unloading in the holds of the ships, but its great flexibility allows him many uses.

The first versions were carriages with Fourche S manufactured in 1917 by the English industrialist installed in the United States, Eugene Clark. The fame of Clark in the field made of this name of mark a common noun, it is however also true of Fenwick which was the first to be built of such machines in France.

The lifting truck is known for its compactness and its aptitude for the handling of pallets. There exists a whole variety of models being able to transport loads of 1,5 tons (pallets) to more than 40 tons (Conteneur S), and being able Gerber on considerable heights (more than 10 meters). It is equipped naturally with two forks, but it can be also equipped with hydraulic grips for the catch of reels or rollers of paper, container swing bars, horizontal piles for the cylindrical parts with hollow axis etc

These machines generally function with thermal engines supplied with gas for small and average ones and with the gas oil for the grosses. The small units can also be with electrical motor with a food by batteries.

Technical description

A typical lifting truck is generally composed of the following elements:

the carriage itself, is a mobile Machine with three or four Roue S and/or of the caterpillars directed by a directional train, always located at the back, contrary at the other vehicles. For larger Safety and stability of the machine, this one can be equipped with full “tires”, avoiding the risks related to a puncture during an operation of loading, handling or unloading.

an Internal combustion engine supplied with LPG, gasoline or Gas oil, or an electrical motor with D.C. current or alternative course supplied with a Accumulator battery or by combustible batteries.

a system of transmission of the engine output to the wheels which can be is by:

mechanical box, by gears with bath of oil and Clutch,
automatic box with Torque converter and a process with disks clutch multiple,
Hydrostatic pump which drives hydraulic engines for each wheel.

the mast is the vertical assembly which makes it possible to raise, to lower and lean the load. The mast can be actuated hydraulically: it is composed of one or more Vérin and encased rails which slide one in another; they are used as guide to raise, drop and to ensure side stability. The mast can also be actuated by chains by an engine Hydraulique providing the horse-power. In all the case, the hydraulic system is equipped with a limiting device speed of descent.

the payload, on which is fixed the fork out of metal or the equipment optional, moves along the mast by means of chains, or while being fixed directly at the hydraulic actuating cylinder. Generally, the payload which is assembled on bearing, is guided by, and moves between the two rails of the mast.

One or more Fourche S, which is the L-shaped arms which retain the load. The vertical part postpones fork is generally fixed on the payload by means of a hook or of a latch (forks of class I to IV). Some forks are assembled on a axis. The horizontal portion of the forks is frayed to facilitate insertion in or under the load, one can move them horizontally and vertically by means of hydraulic actuating cylinders. For particular uses, a forklift truck can be equipped with a whole variety with another equipment, including the grips, the grips for paperboard, the shields scraping, the manipulators of posts, the manipulators of containers, the grips for rollers and others. The mass of this equipment generally results from the working load of the carriage. This deduction is also due to the distance of the center of gravity of the load, due to this equipment.

a back support of load or splash plate is installed when the load is higher than the top of the payload; it is an extension similar to a rack bolted or welded to the payload to prevent the load from moving behind.

the cabin, which with a place for the driver or Driver, contains the pedals of order, the steering wheel, the buttons and the sticks control hydraulic to direct the machine, an instrument panel with the indicators and a demand curve informing the driver of the weight not to be exceeded according to dimensions of the load and height of rise. The cabin can be open, or closed, but is limited by the whole of protection similar to a cage. The driver who operates the machines is protected, of any falling object, by a metal roof supported by posts.

the lifting truck in Porte-à-faux have a counterweight balancing, which is an iron mass fixed at the frame with the back of the carriage, necessary to compensate for the load. In an electric carriage of lifting, the whole of the batteries acid-lead they-even can be used as counterweight. Maximum freight to raise according to the length of race, can be read on a diagram of working load.

Principal types of lifting trucks

Fork-lift truck with counterweight (it is the principal model of lifting truck used in industry).
Fork-lift truck between members.
Lifting truck with apron retractable carry-fork.
Lifting truck with retractable chechmate.
Lifting truck with driver's cab able to be reared.
telescopic Carriage.
Transpallet.
Transpallet with driver carried.
Stacking machine.

Gallery of various models of carriage

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