Koxinga
Koxinga , of its true name Zheng Chenggong (鄭成功), is a Pirate and general Chinese (1624 - 1662).
Koxinga is born in 1624 with Hirato with the Japan. His/her father, Zheng Zhilong (鄭芝龍) is a pirate, a sailor and a merchant originating in a family of fishermen of the Fujian. He often goes in Hirato to make trade and it is there that he meets the mother of Koxinga, the Japanese woman Tagawa Matsu (田川松). He is high until his seven years by his mother then his father takes along it to Nan' year, close to Quanzhou in Fujian for his education. He receives there the teaching of the scholars confucéens in order to be able to pass the imperial Examen.
The Dynastie Ming falls in 1644 to the profit from the Mandchous come from North which found the Dynastie Qing. However the princes of the South remain faithful to Ming and continue the war in order to prolong the political power of Ming. Prince Tang is one of these princes combatants, very influential in the area of Fuzhou. He receives the support of Zheng Zhilong which is arranged so that Zheng Chenggong serf at her sides. The prince then grants to this last the right to bear the family name of the imperial family Ming, Zhu (朱), which will be worth in Zheng Chenggong its nickname popular of Guo Xing Ye (國姓爺/国姓爷) that is to say “lord with the royal name”. Roughly transcribed by the Dutch, this nickname becomes Koxinga in the countries Occident with. Fidelity in Ming is not the only reason which have the pirates such as Koxinga and Zheng Zhilong to fight Qing. Those indeed restricted the trade by various unfavourable measurements and the situation of the commercial pirates becomes much more delicate than under Ming.
In 1646, prince Tang dies, betrayed by Zheng Zhilong which had realized that the fight was without hope and which Qing were going to carry it. Koxinga is not of this opinion and continuous the combat. It takes as bases the two cities of Xiamen and Jinmen and supports prince Gui (the future emperor Yongli) by raids in the areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Zhejiang. It receives from the Yongli emperor the title of prince and the prefecture of Yanping. It pushes its raids until Nankin but is pushed back gradually until feeling driven back.
It realizes that it needs a more solid base to ensure its backs. It thus decides to take the island of Taiwan where the Netherlanders had settled. It thus makes the seat of the principal fortress of the island, Fort Zeelandia of May 1st 1661 with the 1662 and founds a transitory dynasty which will be cut down by Qing when they take again the island with its grandson in 1683.
He dies of a disease in 1662 and his/her son Zheng Jin succeeds to him. During this period of development of the island, many Chinese emigrate in spite of the interdicts and settle in Taiwan. They will be approximately a hundred and fifty thousand at the end of the dynasty.
External bonds
- Text of the treaty between Koxinga and the Netherlanders
Zh-classical: 鄭成功 Zh-min-nan: Tēⁿ Sêng-kong
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