Khotin

Khotin (in Ukrainian: Хотин ; in Polish: Chocim ; in Rumanian: Hotin ; in Russian: Хотин ) is a city of the Oblast de Tchernivtsi in Ukraine. Forming part in an original manner of the Bessarabia, it belonged successively between the 15th century and the 20th century to the historical Moldavie, the Ottoman Empire, the Russia, the Romania, the Soviet Union, cut out between RSS of Ukraine and the Soviet socialist République of Moldavie), and remained crossed between the Ukraine and the République of Moldavie. Its fluctuating control, its name also changed, and there exists much of designations which was applied during the centuries, such as Khotyn , Chocim , Chotyn , Hotin , Choczim , or Khotin . The city is re-elected for its history and its archeology, and has a very known fortress.

History

Khotin was founded like an old colony strengthened on cliffs at the edge of the Dniestr, and it is told that his name would derive from Kotizon, a chief dace of the 3rd century. At the 10th century, it became a peitie colony of the Rus' of Kiev, and passed then under control of the Rus' de Halych and its successor, the Rus' de Halych-Volodymyr. The city becomes a center of important trade, thanks to its position like passage on the river and at the 13th century, it becomes a commercial colony of Genoa. The castle of Khotin was built by Génois and was improved by its later sovereigns.

To the 14th century, Khotin passes to the kingdom of Hungary; to the 15th century, it passes to the Moldavie. It frequently changes hand during the 2 following centuries, the rival empires seeking to gain control on the strategic passage of the river. At the 17th century and the 18th century, its history is dominated by the Christian powers of the north of Europe and by the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. The Othomans underwent two important defeats at the 16th century against the forces of the Union polono-Lithuanian: in 1621 by the Hetman Jean Charles Chodkiewicz, and in 1673 by Jean Sobieski. In 1739, the Russian Empire sent an army ordered by Burckhardt of Munich and besieged the city. The Russians were beaten by the Turks in 1768, but they succeeded in reconquering the city later one year. Khotin fell under the domination from the Austria-Hungary in 1788, but passed finally to the Russia, with the Bessarabia in 1812, like consequence of the Russo-Turkish war (1806-1812).

The collapse of the Russian Empire during the Russian Civil war (1918-1922) led the Romania to annex the territories along its border, including Khotin. The city became Rumanian in January 1919. But the troops Ukrainian Bolchéviques equipped as civilians penetrated in the city and encouraged the populations Ruthènes to revolt. The revolt was subdued by the Rumanian army the month during. The city remained under control of Romania until June 1940, or the city was annexed with the all Bessarabia by the Soviet Union, consequence of the Pacte germano-Soviet. Khotin then formed part of RSS of Ukraine. It was under occupation of the Nazis of 1941 to 1944, was taken again in 1944 by the RSS of Ukraine, until 1991 when it was transferred to the independent Ukraine.

Personalities of Khotin

the philologist, historian and writer famous Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu was born in Khotin the February 16th 1836.

External bond

Ode of Lomonosovsur the catch of Khotin

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