Jules II

Giuliano della Rovere (in French, Julien della Rovere ), wire of Raphaël della Rovere and Theodora Manerola, was born the December 5th 1443 with Savone and died in Rome in the night of the 20 to the February 21st 1513. He was pope of 1503 to 1513 under the name of Jules II (in Latin Julius II , in Italian Giulio II )

The accession with papacy

The accession of his/her uncle Sixte IV with pontificate in 1471 enabled him to climb the levels of the ecclesiastical hierarchy quickly. It was indeed ordered, this same year, cardinal bishop then . It was bishop of Lausanne until in 1476, then of Coutances, Diocèse of which it dislocated in favor of his nephew Galéas della Rovere in 1477. Archbishop of Avignon of 1476 with 1503, it exerted for the same period in the city the function of papal legate, as well as the évèque function of of Mende (1478-1483). Not very respectful the wish of Chastity, it generated three girls and contracted syphilis.

In 1492, with died of the Innocent pope VIII, Rodrigue Borgia, its personal enemy, succeeds in being made elect under the name of Alexandre VI. Jealous and annoyed of its failure, Della Rovere shows the new pope to have bought a certain number of voices of which that of the cardinal Ascanio Sforza who after being itself presented to the first turn of vote, had finally joined himself the Borgia cardinal. Fearing for its survival, it expatriate in France at the court of Charles VIII which he convinces to carry out a military campaign in Italy in order to deposit Alexandre VI who scandalizes Christendom and so also recovering the Royaume of Naples. Accompanying the young king in his countryside, it enters Rome with him at the end of 1494 and prepares with launching a council to inquire into the intrigues of the pope in order to deposit it. But Alexandre VI manages to thwart the machinations of his enemy by buying the French minister Briçonnet, by promising a post of cardinal to him.

Its pontificate

He was elected with the pontificate on November 1st 1503, by 37 votes out of 38 voters, succeeding Pie III.

Jules II wants to make pontifical State a great power, which is worth to him the nickname of Jules César II for his admirors. For that, he will not hesitate to use the spiritual weapons against his enemies of the moment and to take part personally in the military campaigns of his armies as a general-in-chief.

Initially (1503-1509), it restores its authority on the States of the Church, obliges César Borgia to restore its fortresses, to take refuge in France. It removes Perugia with the Bagloni and Bologna with Bentivoglio. As of 1509, it adheres to the league, formed against Venice by the Traité Cambric. He fulminates a bubble Excommunication against Venice, on April 27th, 1509. The French are victorious with Agnadel, on May 14th 1509.

Anxious of progress of Louis XII, the pope expresses his will to drive out of Italy the foreigners. He reconciles himself with Venice after the restitution of Faenza and Ravenne, in February 1510; be combined with the cardinal of Sion, Matthieu Schiner, adversary of the French, which acts on the Swiss Cantons. Louis XII begins the fight against Jules II by causing against him a whole campaign of Pamphlet S and by convening a Concile with Pisa intended to relieve the pope.

Jules II counteracts by his bubble Sacrosanctæ , convening a council in Lateran, by excommunicating the members of the Concile of Pisa, and by forming a Sainte League against France. In spite of the victory of Ravenne, on April 11th 1512, the French evacuate Italy in June 1512. The Médicis return to Florence and the Sforza to Milan. They restore Parma and Plaisance with the the Holy See. Whereas it had just approached the emperor Maximilien, which determined Venice to be combined with Louis XII, the pope Jules II died on February 21st 1513.

Under his pontificate, Jules II convened the Ve council of Lateran, created the Swiss Garde in 1505, posed the first stone of current the Basilique Saint-Pierre of Rome, which Bramante begins, made of Raphaël its favorite painter, also supported Michel-Angel, which painted the large frescos of the Sixtine.

Jules II was also the object, in France, of representations of several Sotie S and Moralité S, whose most famous, Chasse of the stag of the stags and the Jeu of the Prince of Stupid the of Pierre Gringoire or Gringore, go back to 1512. Jean Lemaire of Belgians published a Traité councils and schisms , which took the defense of Louis XII. Martin Luther came to Rome under pontificate from Jules II. He was especially shocked by the moral relaxation of the Roman clergy and by the practice of the Indulgence S, used in quantity to finance the construction of the Saint-Pierre basilica. That cumulated with the quarrelsome nature of its pontificate was in obvious contradiction with incipient humanism and was one of the releases of the Réforme.

Its monument was carved by Michel-Angel and includes/understands its famous Moïse. It is located in the basilica Saint-Pierre-with-Bonds at Rome.

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