Jules Barni

Jules Romain Barni , born with Lille on June 1st 1818, died with Mers-les-Bains in the Somme the July 4th 1878, was a French Philosophe and politician, Député of the Sum.

Biography

He was the son of an optician of origin Italy. After brilliant studies started with the royal college of Amiens and finished with the Rollin college with Paris, he was admitted, in 1837, with the National university. He left, in 1840, first with the aggregation of Philosophie, and was named there some time Professor with the college of Rheims. He returned then to Paris, and Victor Cousin, which then prepared a desktop publishing of its first courses, stuck it like Secrétaire. The thorough knowledge of the German language that had the aggregate young person made its collaboration particularly invaluable to the university philosopher, who had never read Kant in the text. Jules Barni benefitted from it itself to study more at bottom the doctrines of the German thinker, whose he consequently thought of publishing a French translation.

After being remained one year only near Cousin, of 1841 to 1842 - it was the usual duration of these functions of secretary, rewards to some extent devoted first rank to aggregation for philosophy - there was made receive arts doctor, while teaching successively philosophy with the Louis-the-Large Lycée, with the Lycée Charlemagne, the imperial Lycée Bonaparte, at the same time as he began the publication of his great translation of Kant. It also gave many articles to a liberal review, the Liberté to think , founded by Jules Simon at the end of 1847, and which had become, in 1848, clearly republican. It also became in 1848 vice-president of the Democratic society of the free thinkers .

Its articles, of which one was entitled the Vote for all and the primary education , excited soon the distrust of the capacity. In 1850, fallen in disgrace, it was abruptly sent of Paris to the college of Rouen. It went to its new station, but a little later, when the Coup d'etat of December 2nd, 1851 imposed to the civils servant the obligation to lend the oath of fidelity, it refused. He was considered, with several others, like having given his resignation of professor, and was excluded from teaching. Paul Janet wrote: “It had then, without being married, all the duties of the family: a blind father, an orphan niece, whom it had to raise”.

To this occasion, it bound knowledge with Henri Brisson, with which it Co-founded the newspaper the Future . It was devoted then to the philosophy of Kant which it gave itself for mission, by its works, to introduce in France. It published translations of various works of the German philosopher, with very developed critical analyzes, where, speaking in his proper name, it expressed his democratic hopes highly. He collaborated moreover with other insermentés academics, Vacheret, Frederic Morin, Eugene Despois, Albert Roy with various periodic collections of opposition: the Re-examined of Paris , the Future , and always with the Freedom to think .

Exiled with Geneva, it was called, in 1861, by the radical mode to teach the history and philosophy with the academy of this city, where it replaced another exiled, Victor Chauffour. It occupied this situation until 1870. Several of its works, the Martyrs of the free-thought , Napoleon i and his historian Mr. Thiers , History of the ideas morals and policies in France , Morals in the democracy are only the summary of its ideas presented by him in its courses of Geneva. In 1867, strongly influenced by the principles of Kant, it organized and chaired the first congress of Peace and Freedom Geneva. At the conclusion of these bases, it became one of the founders and leaders of the international Ligue of peace and the freedom , which had as an aim the substitution of the arbitration to the war.

September 4th, 1870 recalled it in France. It was placed at once at the disposal of the government of national defense, and took the direction of a popular official journal, the Bulletin of the Republic , which ceased appearing at the time of the conclusion of peace. The Délégation of Turns had named Barni general inspector of the University, but this nomination, irregular because there then did not exist any vacuum within the framework “inspectors”, remained null and not avenue. Barni returned then in the policy. A great number of republican voters of the Somme thought of him for the delegation, but it failed initially the election complementary of January 7th, 1872, to replace the general Faidherbe which had just chosen the Northern . Radical candidate, it obtained: 40660 votes only against: 52826 votes granted to Albert Dauphin, republican conservative, who was elected. But Dolphin being dislocated almost at once of its mandate, Barni was only, on June 9th, 1872, against two preserving adversaries Cornuau and Lejeune. He was elected by: 54820 votes. He had declared himself, in his profession of faith, had laid out to support the policy of Thiers. In 1874, it became freemason, member of the Big room of France.

At the Parliament of Versailles, it sat on the left, was made register with the two groups of the Gauche and the republican Union of Gambetta, and consequently gave all its contest to the policy advised by this last, which was to lead to the vote of the Constitution of 1875. Without approaching the platform, he voted with the National Assembly:

on November 29th, 1872, For the message of Thiers containing a declaration in favor of the Republic
on June 24th, 1873, Against the resignation of Thiers
on May 24th, 1873, Against the approval of the decree of the prefect Ducros on the civil burials
the 19 November 20th, 1873, Against extension of the capacities of the marshal Mac-Mahon
on January 20th, 1874, Against the law of the mayors
on January 30th, 1875, For the Walloon Amendment on the septennial re-election of the President of the Republic
on February 25th, 1875, For the whole of the constitutional laws.

The role of Barni took more importance with the House of Commons of 1876, where it was, on February 20th, 1876, elected by the 1st district of Amiens with: 11133 votes on: 20974 voters and: 26958 registered voters against: 9448 votes in Fourment, conservative. He had voted in the preceding Parliament Against the law of 1875 on higher education. Named in 1876 member and president of the seized commissions of the revision of this law, as of those which governed primary school education, it spoke with the Room in the discussion of the ranks, fought two amendments tending to the special institution of jurys which would have been indicated either by the superior council, or by the minister, and attempted to prove that of such jurys would be far from offering the same guarantees of competence and impartiality that faculties. Barni, which would have wished a more complete reform, deposited the same year a special proposal, the purpose of which was to support the individual initiative, i.e. the isolated courses and the conferences. This proposal was temporarily isolated.

Barni joined all the votes left majority, in particular on May 19th, 1876, For the proposal of Margue tending to an amnesty partial of condemned Commune. It finally formed part of the 363 deputies who testified to the distrust with regard to the government of May 16th. But its health, seriously for some time faded, did not enable him to accept, after the dissolution of the Room, the renewal of its mandate. He still lived a year and was buried civilly in Amiens.

Works

morals in the democracy ;
republican institutions ;
martyrs of the free-thought : public course professed in the room of the Large Council of Geneva;
French moralists at the eighteenth century: history of the ideas morals and policies in France at the eighteenth century ;
principles and manners of the Republic ;
Manual republican ;
Napoleon i and his historian Mr. Thiers ;
Philosophy of Kant: examination of the Critic of the judgment ;
Philosophy of Kant: examination of the Bases of the metaphysics of the mœurs¸ and the Criticism of the reason practices ;
new Fragments on Condorcet ;

Translations of German

Considerations intended to rectify the judgments of the public on the French revolution ; preceded by the Claim of freedom to think, near the princes of Europe who oppressed it up to now by Johann Gottlieb Fichte;
Critical of the judgment, followed Observations on the feeling of beautiful and sublime the , by E. Kant. (Paris, Ladrange, 1846. 2 flight);
Critical of the practical reason, preceded by the Bases of the metaphysics of manners , by E. Kant. (Paris, Ladrange, 1848. In-8°, 400p.);
Elements metaphysics of the doctrines of the right (first part of the Metaphysics of manners) , followed by a philosophical Test on perpetual peace and other small writings relating to the natural right, by E. Kant. (Paris, A. Durand, 1853. In-8°, 392p);
Elements metaphysics of the doctrines of the virtue (second part of the Metaphysics of manners) , followed by a treaty of pedagogy and various opuscules relating to morals, by E. Kant. (Paris, A. Durand, 1855. In-8°, 278 p);
Critical of the pure reason , by E. Kant. (Paris, G. Baillière, 1869. 2 vol. In-8);

Theory transcendantale of the elements (esthetics, logic, analytical and dialectical)
Methodology transcendantale

Treated pedagogy by E. Kant (Paris, F. Alcan, 1886. In-18, 133 p).

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