Juan Perón

Juan Domingo Perón (October 8th 1896 - 1 {{er}} July 1974), Argentinian soldier who were president of the Nation Argentine June 4th 1946 with the September 21st 1955 and October 12th 1973 at July 1st 1974. He was in particular married with Eva Perón known as Evita .

Childhood and beginnings

Born in a small town close to Lobos (province of Buenos Aires), he is the son of Mario Tomás Perón, farmer, and of Juana Sosa.

He enters to the military academy at the 10 years age, then progresses quickly in his hierarchy. He is useful in Italy towards the end of the Années 1930 as a military observer. At the time of its stay in Italy it attends courses of political philosophy and integrates the fascistic designs and supporters of corporatism in his ideology already marked by the antiliberalism and economic nationalism. It is as in Italy as it includes/understands the importance of the mobilization of the masses and their integration in the political game, as well as the priority granted to the single trade unionism like federator of the working class. However, Perón assimilates Italian experiment only what he considers useful to his political ideology, which is quite former to its voyage in Italy. Heir especially to the vision of the social Doctrines of the Church, which requires the conciliation of the interests of the owners and the workmen and condemned liberalism and capitalism like philosophies of life, Perón is then already in favor of creation of a form of catholic and medieval corporatism like that which the governments of Franco in Spain and especially Salazar in Portugal seem to set up at the same time.

Perón Marie with Aurelia Tizón the January 5th 1929, it dies 9 years later of a cancer of the uterus. His new wife, Eva Duarte de Perón (1919 - July 26th 1952) Marie with him the December 10th 1945 and quickly becomes extremely popular. Called Avoided, it contributes to attract more support of the working mediums and women towards the mode. She will also die of a cancer of the uterus in 1952 at the 33 years age. Perón is re-elected in 1951, but the economic problems, the suspicion of generalized corruption as well as the conflict with the Catholic church end up linking the opposition and contribute to its fall with the military coup d'etat of September 1955. It is exiled in turn with the Paraguay, the Venezuela, the Panama, in Dominican Republic and settles some time with Madrid. It remarie again, with the singer of cabaret Isabel Martínez de Perón, in 1961.

The coup d'etat of 1943

In May 1943, it is, as a colonel, a significant personality in the military coup d'etat organized by the GOU (which means " Group Unis" Officers; , it is about a secret cabin inside the army) against the civil government of Ramón Castillo. Initially secretary-assistant of the war under the general Pedro Ramírez, he becomes secretary with work and health in (November 1943) then vice-president and secretary with the war under the general Edelmiro Farrel (February 1944).

First presidency

Its policy in favor of the workmen and the demonstration of his personal ambitions oppose it to a sector supported Armed forces in a tacit way by the land great landowners. It is thorough with the resignation the October 9th 1945. Perón is stopped a little later but mass demonstrations organized by the trade union CGT push its geôliers to slacken it the October 17th, 1945 after a demonstration of several hundreds of thousands of people in the principal place of the capital, the Plaza of Mayo. This date is known until today like " the day of the loyauté". The popular support from which it profits makes it possible him then to carry the presidency with 56% of the votes at the time of the elections of the February 24th 1946. The peronism is defined then by the term of Justicialisme. Skilful mixture of nationalism and populism, Peronisme supports the social claims and rejète the American supervision or British while seeking to engage the country towards a modernization. The form of government is not without making think of Italian Fascism: galvanizing crowd, it engages her word at the time of plebiscites on line on Plaza Of Mayo to Buenos Aires. However, unlike Fascism, the mode peronist was voted by plebiscite in a permanent way between 1945 and 1955 through presidential, regional elections or local elections which confirmed almost every two years the massive support of the voters to the mode. In spite of temptations of authoritarian abuse on behalf of the mode, the Constitution is respected just like separation between the executive powers, legislature and legal. Called the brilliant driver, the supreme leader, his capacity will have been a broad success abroad in the context of the decolonizations and the emancipation of the Third world in its search for non-alignment. " God is Argentinian… and this is why it sent Peron" to us; Avoided Péron

Working and industrial development

Strongly influenced by the social Doctrines of the Church and in particular by the encyclicals Rerum Novarum of 1891 and Quadragesimo Ass of 1931, Perón continued policies of which the goal was to give more political and economic weight to the working class. It allowed the explosion of the number of union members and helped with the creation of powerful the Confederación General del Trabajo , CGT (General confederation of Work, founded the first time in 1930). It called this policy the “third way” between capitalism and Communism although he was strongly anti-American and anti-British. This " third voie" between the capitalist materialism resulting from liberalism, and the communist materialism resulting from the Marxism, is already clearly present in the proposals of the social Doctrine of the Church. Perón also followed an ambitious policy of industrialization of the country: in 1947, it announces the first five-year plan to allow the development of new nationalized industries. This ideology, which one has habit to call the peronism had a great influence on the Argentinian political parties.

The Fifties and Sixties, governmental instability, 3rd presidency

Argentina of the Years 1950 and Années 1960 was marked by frequent changes of governments, an economic low growth and a continual social pressure. The successive governments fail to raise the economy and to remove the dashes Terroriste S of some (such as the pro-Perón Montoneros) in the decades 1960 and 1970, thus opening the road with the return of Perón. The general Alejandro Lanusse seizes the power in March 1971 and promises to restore a constitutional democracy in 1973. Of its exile, Perón expresses its support for its allies of left. Vis-a-vis the danger represented by the guerillas Marxist ERP and catholic of right-hand side Montoneros, the army decides to recall to the capacity the only man who could control the situation, while being partly responsible.

The March 11th 1973, of the elections are held, but Perón while having been excluded, the votes go on its “substitute” Héctor Jose Cámpora, elected president. Campora resigns in July 1973 opening the way with new elections. The disorder was then such in the country that certain legitimate leaders ask for the return of Perón literally. This one returned in its native land and gains a decisive victory, becoming president for the third time in October 1973 with his Isabel wife as vice-president. The new mode of Perón was disturbed by the conflict which opposed its partisans of left and its partisans of right-hand side. Itself turning more and more to right-wing policies, the terrorist acts started to multiply.

As regards foreign policy, Perón gave an opinion in favor of a third way between the Capitalisme and the Socialisme. It implied that it would align in an automatic way neither with the the United States nor with the Soviet Union. At the same time, of the controversies burst between historians about the reception granted by Argentina to old Nazi S at the end of the Second world war. The peronism had organized a network of reception of former officers and scientists of the Nazi regime, by providing Argentinian passports. In this direction nothing distinguish this policy from collecting former civils servant Nazis from that carried out by the United States or the Soviet Union.

Died of Juan Domingo Perón

Perón dies on July 1st 1974, less than one year after its return to the capacity and his wife, Isabel Martínez de Perón succeeds to him, but the problems remain. It is isolated capacity the March 24th 1976 by a military junta directed by the general Jorge Rafael Videla.

Perón was buried with the cemetery of Chacarita of Buenos Aires. Curiously, its tomb was profaned in 1987: its two hands were then flights. Today still, one knows neither who is at the origin of this gesture nor his significance, though the tortures perpetrated with regard to the political opponents during his mandates could have incited these acts. Its body was transported the October 17th 2006 with San Vicente, to 52 km of Buenos Aires (where it had a residence, transformed since into museum).

See too

justicialist Péronisme
Left

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