Jean Ier of Hungary

Jean Ier of Hungary (in Hungarian Szapolyai János ), born in 1487 and deceased the July 22nd 1540, was king of Hungary of 1526 with 1540.

Wire of Etienne Zapolya, count of dead Zips the December 23rd 1499, one of the land great landowners of Hungary, and his third wife Hedwige de Teschen (Polish Jadwiga of Cieszyn ), János Szapolyai is born in Szepesvár the June 2nd 1487 and becomes Voïvode of Transylvania in 1511, but does not take part in the battles of Mohács.

This combat (August 29th 1526) had been concluded by the defeat and death from the king Louis II from Hungary, followed temporary catch of the capital Buda by the Turks. Jean Szapolyai is then made elect king de Hongrie with the support of the majority of large of the country and the minor nobility, by a joined together diet with Székesfehérvár the November 10th 1526. He is crowned the following day under the name of Jean Ier of Hungary.

Ferdinand I {{er}} of Habsbourg, husband of the sister of Louis Jagellon which is regarded as the heir-at-law to the throne because of conventions between the two families also makes elect king with Pozsony, capital of High Hungary, in December 1526. The army of mercenaries of the Emperor crushes that of Jean Ier close to Tokaj on September 27th, 1527. Part of the noble ones, whose Peter Perényi new the voïvode of Transylvania named by Jean Ier, submit themselves to the emperor and this one is also crowned king de Hongrie on November 3rd, 1527.

After a new defeat close to Kassa in 1528, Jean Ier Szapolyai accepts the proposals of assistance of the Turks who allow him to reconquer, in November 1528, the Hungarian plain and Transylvania who then becomes the base of his power and whom he will entrust to the voïvodes István Báthory (1530 - 1534), István Maylad (1534 - 1540) and Imre Balassa (1536 - 1540).

The indignation caused by the alliance of Jean Ier Szapolyai with the Turks supports Habsbourg. They push back a first attack of the Turkish armies against Vienna in 1529 then, after having stopped a new walk on Vienna with Kőszeg in August 1532, Ferdinand Ier must also negotiate to him with them.

In Hungary, a peace is signed between the two parts on February 24th, 1538 with Nagyvárad, under the terms of which the two sovereigns preserve their title of king de Hongrie by keeping the territories that they have. Jean Szapolyai engages moreover so that the part of the country which it controls master key with the emperor after his death.

March 2nd, 1539, king Jean Ier marries with Székesfehérvár Isabelle Jagellon, a girl of the king of Poland Sigismond I {{er}}. Jean Ier dies the July 22nd 1541 with Szeben, 15 days after the birth of his son and heir, the future Jean II Sigismond Szapolyai. He entrusts regency to his wife and his adviser Giorgio Martinuzzi.

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