James Bond

James Bond , also known by its number 007 , is a character of fiction created in 1952 by the writer and former British spy Ian Fleming. Spy of the British secret services and large seducer, James Bond quickly became a famous and appreciated character of the public. After the death of Fleming in 1964, the adventures of Jump were successively written by Kingsley Amis (under the name of Robert Markham), John Gardner and Raymond Benson. Moreover, John Pearson wrote an imaginary biography of James Bond and, like John Gardner and Raymond Benson, Christopher Wood wrote the Novélisation S of its own film scenarios of James Bond.

Since 1962, agent 007 was the subject of many tographic adaptations Cinéma. Though already recognized time of the novels of Fleming, it is the long series of films of EON Productions which made of James Bond an authentic contemporary myth. With more than twenty films in addition to forty years, this one constitutes one of longest the sagas cinematographic. Some independent productions putting in James Bond scene were also turned but they are the films of EON Productions which is generally indicated as being the “official” films of Jump, being based on the acquisition of the rights by Harry Saltzman at the end of the Années 1950.

The secret agent was also declined in Cartoon, Video game, Roleplay and Jouet S.

Since 2005, Charlie Higson writes a series of books on the youth of James Bond . In July 2007, it was announced that Sebastian Faulks was authorized to write a new book of James Bond planned for 2008. The 22 {{E}} film of James Bond is also in production.

Genesis

Creation

James Bond was invented in January 1952 by the British journalist Ian Fleming, which was also spy during the Second world war, during her holidays in her property in Jamaica, Goldeneye. To baptize its character, Ian Fleming took again the name of a Ornithologue, James Bond, of which it read the work Birds off the West Indies . On this subject, Fleming announces that he wanted simply that the name and the first name are simplest possible. Fleming claims to have invented James Bond to recover from the shock of its marriage, at forty-three years, with Ann Rothmere.

The majority of the biographers agree to say that James Bond is the idealized and fictionalized projection of Ian Fleming, the man who he would have liked to be. Fleming and Bond divide several physical features (size, haircut, color of the eyes), appreciate the same meals (scrambled eggs, coffee), have the same practices (drink, cigarette), like the same styles of women, attended the same schools, and followed a similar way in the navy (both being assembled to the rank of commander). Some think that the sophisticated charm of Jump is based on young Hoagy Carmichael.

For its stories, Fleming admitted to be partly inspired of its service in the Naval Intelligence Division of the Amirauté. However, the adventures of 007 also comprise a great part of imagination and science fictions where the pretty girls follow one another, the malicious ones are always overcome and where the world is always saved by the British agent.

Literary beginnings

After having finished the manuscript of Casino Royal , Fleming authorizes his/her friend (and future editor), the poet William Plomer to read it. The book likes Plomer which subjects it to Jonathan Cape, but this one does not appreciate it as much. Wrap finally publishes it in 1953 on the recommendation of Peter Fleming, big brother of Ian Fleming considered for its accounts of voyage. Thereafter, each adventure of James Bond will follow the same process of drafting: catch of note in autumn, drafting of a first jet during the winter stay in its residence in Jamaica, corrections or recasting in August - September, given of the final manuscript to the editor Jonathan Cape who publishes it in April of the following year. Only the Man with the gold gun will not know the phase of revision and development, Ian Fleming having died meanwhile.

The first pulling of Casino Royal with 4.750 specimens leaves on April 13rd, 1953 and spends one month to run out. If criticism receives the work, success remains weak. In June 1954, the total sales rise only with 8.000 units. In April 1956, in spite of three years of presence of the hero in the bookstores, Jonathan Cape limit with prudence the first pulling of Diamonds are eternal with 12.500 specimens.

James Bond truly became a famous character in literature thanks to two blows of projectors. The first in November 1956 when British the Prime Minister Anthony Eden spends three weeks of convalescence to Jamaica in the residence of Fleming, causing a certain curiosity of the public for the work of the novelist. The second, more decisive, arrives on March 17th, 1961 with the publication in Life of the list of the ten preferred books of John F. Kennedy, then new president of the United States: Bons kisses of Russia arrives in ninth position. The best-seller explodes of the day at the following day in the United States, pressing the producers to accelerate the operational startup of a first film adaptation.

The new myth of the cinema

The adaptation of Jump is initially made on the small screen with a televised adaptation of Casino Royal in 1954. In spite of the thin allocated budget, the serial receives an encouraging reception; so much so that televised series are one moment considered. Entitled To order Jamaïca , it should have put in scene a certain James Gunn operative since his Yacht in the archipelago of the Caribbean. This project not succeeded will lead Ian Fleming to write a script of thirty pages, which will be at the origin of the novel James Bond against Dr. No . In 2006, the project is taken again to be adapted to the cinema under the name of " Royale" casino;.

As of 1959, Fleming wishes to sell the rights of its character to various producers of cinema of which Alfred Hitchcock, James Mason and Cary Grant. Then the novel Opération Thunder leaves which ends in a lawsuit in 1961. Indeed Fleming had re-used the screen of a script written jointly with two other scenario writers in 1959 for what could have been the very first cinematographic adventure of agent 007. With final, it is the producer Kevin Mc Clory who obtains the rights for the film adaptation of the novel that it will later initially use for a film in coproduction with Eon Productions in 1965, then in an independent remake entitled Jamais never again in 1983.

Finally, the adaptation of James Bond against Dr. No realized by Terence Young leaves in 1962 and success is sufficient to continue the series with the exit in 1963 of Bons Kisses of Russia . But it is Goldfinger in 1964 which will explode the career of Jump until setting it up with the row of star international at the same time as his interpreter Sean Connery.

Fleming will not have time to benefit from this success. He dies on August 12th, 1964 of a Infarctus at the 56 years age. With its death, it had already sold 30 million novels; a figure which will be doubled as of the following year.

After Fleming…

The twelfth and last novel of Fleming, the Man with the gold gun, is unfinished. Glidrose Publications requires of the writer Kingsley Amis who wrote several studies on James Bond to write a memorandum concerning the work. Malgrés the reserves of the woman of Fleming, Glidrose then decides to authorize Amis to continue the adventures of the secret agent. In 1968 leaves the first James Bond not-writing by Fleming Colonel Sun but the sales do not follow. Another attempt is ridge with the Adventures of James Bond Jr intended for the children, always without hardly of success.

In 1981 the family Fleming retente by charging John Gardner with continuing the literary adventures of 007. This time success returns and Gardner publishes a new novel per annum until in 1995 where it is succeeded by Raymond Benson, first writer who is not British to take again the torch, which continues the series until in 2003.

Since 2005 Charlie Higson approach the series by a series of five retro-novels devoted to the youth of James Bond whose first volume at the head appears sales in the Anglo-Saxon countries.

Under Glidrose license, Samantha Weinberg also began in 2005 a trilogy entitled the secret notebooks of Moneypenny and which should finish in 2008 for the centenary of the birth of Ian Fleming.

Sebastian Faulks, author of novels with success, was missionné to write a new adventure of James Bond. Envisaged specifically for the centenary of Fleming and not constituting a priori a new series but well a single book, this work entitled Devil May Care will leave in May 2008.

Side of films, each history of Fleming was adapted until Tuer is not to play in 1987. Thereafter other films leave built on new scenarios until Casino Royal in 2006.

Presentation of the character

James Bond 007 is a spy British secret services, the doubleone of her number means that it is authorized to kill within the framework of his missions. Jump is to order in the marine British, i.e. Commander, badly translated in the French version of films by “commander”; it belongs to the troops of Royal the Naval Reserve. It should be noted that it is decorated with the Ordre of Saint-Michel and Saint-Georges.

Throughout the books, the physical description of Jump remains rather coherent: a mean breadth, a vertical scar on its right cheek (absent from films), of the eyes blue-gray, of the black and short hair, a wick falling on the face, and (after Casino Royal ) the scar of the Cyrillic letter " Ш" (HS for Shpion : Russian spy) on the back of the one with its hands traced by an agent of the SMERSH. In Bons kisses of Russia , it is written that Bond measures 1 m 83 top and weighs 76 kg.

Jump east depicts like somebody of very intelligent. In Goldfinger , it calculates in its head how much trucks are necessary to transport all the gold of Strong Knox, and how long gold should be radioactive if the bomb of Auric Goldfinger exploded. In Casino Royal , it shows its aptitude to calculate the probabilities of draws of a card deck in a tournament of poker. In films, the “genius” of Jump became besides a running gag during the period Roger Moore, the joke disappeared when it was succeeded by Timothy Dalton.

With the screen, it is known to be presented by the sentence “My name is Bond, James Bond” as soon as it of on the occasion, a counterpart become worship, and to order its vodka-martini “with the shaker, not with the spoon. ” It is generally vêtu of a smoking (the dress which characterizes it par excellence), and often carries a wrist watch.

Jump presents a certain control of the majority of the sports, in particular the Boxe, the Judo and the Ski. Moreover it has a sufficient practice of the Golf. In addition to the English, it usually speaks several languages of which the German the Russian and the French.

Lastly, Bond is known to be an inveterate seducer. Majority of the women that it meeting finish early or late by him to yield, who they are in her camp or not. Sexist, James Bond seldom sticks to the women and in exchange to each mission. He Marie despite everything once but his Tracy wife is assassinated just after the ceremony.

Biography

Divergence over the year of birth

Except in the series the youth of James Bond , the age of Jump is seldom defined that it is in films or the books. Its age is roughly at the level of forty. Many biographers of Ian Fleming agree to say that this one had never thought of writing adventures of James Bond as many and that it has “to arrange” the life of Jump and to change the dates to make sure that Bond had the suitable age for the service. The actors who incarnated Bond with the screen had varied ages: George Lazenby was only 29 years old in At the secret service of Its Majesty , while Roger Moore had 57 years in Dangereusement yours its James Bond last.

In his fictitious biography on the secret agent, John Pearson gives to Bond the birth date November 11th 1920, but Fleming forever made it clear that in his books. In fact, the novel One did not see that twice provides two indices indicating that the year of birth would be 1924. In the history, thinking that this one died, M written a Nécrologie of Jump where it indicates that Bond left the school at 17 years to join the Ministry for Defense in 1941 while being given 19 years. If Jump were 17 years old in 1941, then it would have been born in 1924. Moreover, Tiger Tanaka the head of the secret services Japanese, known as that Bond was born the year from the Rat what supports the year 1924. However in Moonraker , Fleming writes that the age of Jump is 37 years what would probably mean that Bond was born in 1918, while giving him 34 in Casino Royal .

More complex, John Griswold in his book authorized Ian Fleming' S James Bond: Annotations and Chronologies gives him the birth date of the November 11th 1921. Griswold notes that the entry of Jump in the Ministry for Defense in the beginning is gone back in the manuscript to Fleming with 1939 and later delayed at 1941. Griswold is one disputed moment so that Bond joined Admiralty in 1939 (the same year as for Fleming) and than 1941 is the year locates of its recruitment in an organization attached later to the Ministry for Defense by Fleming. Griswold thinks that a heap of details in the chronology of Jump takes more direction with the original year of 1939. For example, his/her parents having died when it was 11 years old, Bond was thus 11 years old of January first at November 10th, 1933 if it is admitted that it was born well in 1921. In Casino Royal 1933 is mentioned as the year when Bond “bought” its first Bentley. Since every year of birth considered makes that Bond was too young to buy its Bentley, a more probable scenario would be than he would have inherited it with the death his father.

Griswold presented its idea to Ian Fleming Publications in February 2003. The company took as a starting point this version for the series the youth of James Bond where Bond is a teenager of the Années 1930 whose author Charlie Higson indicates that it was born in 1920. In this series, Bentley in question is bought by Bond in December 1933 in fatal Poker with the money collected by helping somebody has to gain with the caster. Previously, Bond had inherited Bamford & Martin Sidevalve Short Tourer Frame about Easter 1933 his/her uncle Max.

If the year of birth of Jump remains dubious, its birthplace is also source of debate. According to John Pearson, Bond was born with Wattenscheid, a small town close to Essen in Germany. Charlie Higson, in Opération Silverfin declares that Bond was born in Suisse.

Youth

James Bond is the son of a Scottish , Sir Andrew Bond off Glencoe, and of Monique Delacroix, a Suisse of the Canton of Vaud. Their nationalities are established in At the secret service of Its Majesty . Fleming accentuated the Scottish side of Jump after having appreciated the portrait with the screen of James Bond by the Scottish actor Sean Connery, while the name of the mother of Jump takes as a starting point one been engaged Swiss of Fleming. An adventure envisaged, but ever written, of James Bond would have represented the mother of Jump like Scottish. According to the heraldist Griffon But, College off Arms, in At the secret service of Its Majesty , the paternal family would go up in Norman the Jump in 1180 whose currency is Orbis not sufficit (“the world is not enough” in Latin), which corrects a little the popular origins of the patronym which would mean: farmer, peasant, churl.

Jump passes a good part of its youths abroad, which enables him to have a perfect command of German and French, thanks to the work of his/her father like representative abroad of the British firm of military equipment Vickers. At eleven years, Bond loses his/her two parents in an accident of Alpinisme in the solid mass of the Red Aiguilles close to Chamonix.

After the death of his parents, it leaves food in England in Pett Bottom in the Kent in his aunt Charmian Bond which completes its education. It enters to the Collège of Eton in the neighborhoods of the 12 years age that it leaves at the end of two six-month periods because of its behavior “supposed” with a servant. In one of the news of Good Kisses of Paris , Bond however tells to have lost its Virginité at the time of its first visit with Paris at the 16 years age.

Jump leaves Eton for the Collège of Fettes to Edinburgh in Scotland, the old school of his/her father where it is pointed out for an aptitude for all the sports, in particular the Boxe (light weight). According to John Pearson and an allusion of Fleming in Good kisses of Russia , Bond also studied a time with the Université of Geneva. Except for Fettes, the presence of Jump in these schools is established in a way parallel with the own life of Fleming. The film One did not see that twice affirms that it is graduate Eastern Languages with the Université of Cambridge. At a certain time, it also entered to Oxford to learn the Danish as it is known as in the film Demain never dies . Jump can speak several languages, in particular German, French, the Russian and the Japanese. On several occasions, there exist contradictions in films and the novels on the languages that Bond known as to know.

In 1941, Bond lies on its age to be able to enter the Royal Naval Reserve during the Second world war, from where it leaves with the rank to order (commander). Jump preserves its row whereas it is employed in the British secret services. Jump is promoted Capitaine in Gagner, to lose or to die of John Gardner but Bond is become again to order since the novels of Raymond Benson. Jump also became member of the RNVSR ( Royal Naval Volunteer Supplementary Reserve ) which is made up officers with a great experiment of the ground.

At the secret service of Its Majesty

The time when James Bond became an agent 00 never is explicitly located, although references in James Bond against Dr. No let suggest the year 1952. According to Fleming, after it joined the RNVR, Bond would have travelled in America, with Hong-Kong and in Jamaica. It is believed that it is at this time there that Bond would have joined another organization like SOE, branch 00 of the Secret Intelligence Service or even as commando in the 30th Assault Unit.

Jump gained its gallons in section 00 by achieving two missions, that Fleming enumerates in Casino Royal . The first is the assassination of the expert in Chiffrement Japanese with the 36e stage of RCA Building of the Rockefeller Center with New York. The second is the assassination of a Norwegian double agent, which had betrayed two British agents, with Stockholm by stabbing it in its bed.

According to Jump, to obtain number 00 is not so hard as long as one is prepared to kill; Pearson suggests that Bond killed for the first time whereas it was adolescent. In films and the books, the attitude of Jump towards its work is the same one: he does not like to kill and protects himself by off-hand jokes and impertinent remarks what is often badly interpreted like a mark of cold blood. In films, Jump forever shown of faintness in the fact of giving death until GoldenEye where it seems disturbed by the brutality of its work while it admits in Le Monde is not enough that the murder of cold blood is a dirty job.

Nevertheless, Bond does not hesitate to kill when it is constrained there, and makes in films of the acts which could be regarded as murders in other circumstances (for example while killing out of the enemies disarmed by revenge) or of the political assassinations. James Bond arts person remains reserved on her license to kill, disobeying the orders sometimes by preventing killing if he thinks that the mission can be accomplished in another way. Jump has also a deep dislike for those which kill out of the people without defense, in particular if the victim is a woman. It sometimes happens to him to give up its wishes towards the nation to avenge death for innocent, as it did for Felix Leiter and his wife assassinated in the film Permis to kill .

In the books and films, Bond adopts a riding attitude vis-a-vis its clean dead: when it is captured, it accepts its fate and hopes that the MI6 will disavow its existence in such a situation. It shows on several occasions that it can resist perfectly the Torture (in particular in Casino Royal , Le Monde is not enough and Meurs another day) without never revealing only one information with its of torture.

Private life

When it is not on mission, Bond lives in Kings Road in the district of Chelsea to London. Its apartment is maintained by a controlling old woman Scottish named May, which is very honest and very nursery school towards 007. According to the youth of James Bond , May worked before for the aunt of Bond. Jump almost never brought of woman at his place, that arrives only once in the novels, between Diamonds are eternal and Bons kisses of Russia , when he lives temporarily with Tiffany Case and once in films, Vivre and to let die , M and Moneypenny comes to see Bond with its apartment, which obliges it to hide its conquest of the moment in its closet. According to the books of Pearson and an allusion in Good kisses of Russia , Tiffany often disputed with May and finally left. In its apartment, Bond has two telephones: for the personal calls and a hot line in hot line with the secret services of which it is known as that it always sounds at the inappropriate times.

With the women, Bond knows many conquests but it acts for the near total of passing fancy or one night adventures. It leaves literally with all the girls whom it meets, and throws them as soon as they become a disadvantage. If its chauvinistic charm répulse certain women with the first access, it ends all the same up their making effect like Holly Goodhead in Moonraker or Wai Lin in Demain never does not die. In more recent films its attitude towards the women is more software, it respects the new M which is a woman (and its superior), and some women like Elektra King and Paris Carver a little succeeded in updating it.

Into film and the book At the secret service of Its Majesty , James Bond however fall in love and goes until marrying but his wife, Teresa " Tracy" di Vicenzo, is killed the day of their weddings by his sworn enemy, Ernst Stavro Blofeld; this drama follows it several years. In the books, Bond has its revenge in the following novel, One saw only twice when by chance, it finds Blofeld in Japan while the Jump of films catches Blofeld in Diamonds are eternal with an ambiguous result. Later, in the prégénérique one of Only for your eyes , Bond eliminates what seems to be Blofeld.

In the book One saw only twice , Bond has a child of Kissy Suzuki, although he never learns his existence in the books from Fleming. In the book of Pearson, the child is called James Suzuki. Jump is clearly with the current of its existence in the news the Spectrum of last the of Raymond Benson where his/her child asks him to come to New York for an urgency before being killed by Irma Bunt. The official statute of the history is often disputed because it is about a news written out of the chronology of all the other continuations, the proper novels of Benson included/understood.

Practices and preferences

Jump is a fine gourmet who gives instructions meticulous persons on the preparation of his meals and his drinks. Its preferred meal is the breakfast and he adores boiled eggs of his controlling May. The receipt of this dish, called scrambled eggs “in James Bond”, is written in the news 007 in New York . He adores the Caviar mingled with egg yolk, the plates millers, crabs black, the gratin of lobster tails, the pike quenelles and the tender meat which is cut to the fork. For its “four hours”, it often orders Foie gras.

Jump has an impressive knowledge of the alcohol S. It appreciates the Vin S, in particular Rothschild 47 and Piesporter Goldtropfchen 53. He is also a large amateur of champagne like Taittinger, Bollinger and Dom Perignon. Jump always orders a ¨ Vodka - Martini mixed with the shaker, not with the cuillère¨ ( shaken, not stirred ). In the novel Moonraker , he drinks his vodka dry bottom, been used with a black pepper pinch; a practice taken when he worked in the Baltic area. He explains why it is not for the taste but because that involves the impurities in cheap vodkas at the bottom of glass. In Florida, he prefers to taste a double Old Grandal dry. He likes also the martini Gin and the Bourbon. During its adventures, Bond would have consumed 317 drinks including 101 whiskey, 35 sakés, 30 goblets of champagne and only 19 vodka-martinis is an average of a drink all the seven pages.

In the novels of Fleming Bond is a large smoker. On average, Bond daily smokes an about sixty cigarettes although in certain Bond books tries to slow down its consumption in order to be able to achieve certain physical exercises like swimming under water. It is also forced to reduce its number of cigarettes after being sent in a center of back in shape by its superior in Opération Thunder . The favorite cigarettes of Jump are Morland Specials manufactured with a tobacco Macedonian and contents higher than the tar average of Morlands off Grosvenor Street. The cigarette itself carries three bands gilded on the filter, just like the row to order Jump. Starting from the novels of John Gardner, Bond passes to cigarettes with a rate reduced out of tar resulting from Morlands and later from H. Simmons off Burlington Arcade. In films, Bond smokes by interval according to moods of the company. In films with Connery, Lazenby and Dalton, Bond are a smoker whereas James Bond de Moore and Brosnan never smoke of cigarettes, although they smoke the cigar occasionally. Indeed, in Demain never dies , Brosnan made the remark with Russian who smokes that it is a dirty practice. The last time that Bond is seen smoking a cigarette with the screen goes back to 1989.

In spite of the leaning one of Jump to living in the luxury, its wages are established in $4200 USD per annum in the novel Goldfinger (1959), that is to say $28,719.18 today.

Alternative biographies

Modern biography

The film Casino Royal of 2006 is a rebootstrapping of the frankness which tells the first mission of Jump as an agent 00. The official site of film gives a detailed biography of Jump parallel with the Backstory of the character of Ian Fleming. Jump was born on April 13rd, 1968 (April 13rd being the day when Casino Royal was published in 1953 and 1968 the year of birth of Daniel Craig) with West Berlin in Germany. His/her parents, Andrew and Monique Jump, die in an accident of climbing, after which it was raised by his aunt Charmain in the Kent in England.

Like the original character, Bond is transfered Eton college and is joined the Fettes college where his/her father studied. Jump follows courses to the university of Geneva during its passage in Fettes by the means of a program of student exchange. After Fettes, it joined the Royal Navy and enters to the Britannia Royal Naval College at the 17 years age.

The military service of Jump is clearer: it joined the Special Boat Service of Royal Navy, where it obtains the row Commander , then it is placed in the 030 Special Forces Links. Jump is useful secretly in Iraq, Somalia, Iran, Libya and actively in Bosnia. It is then recruited by the RNR Defense Intelligence Group. Jump follows a course specialized in the universities of Cambridge and Oxford at this time there, taking down a diploma of Eastern languages in Cambridge. When it joined MI6, Bond is noted like usually speaking the English, the French, the German and the Italian , and can also speak the Greek , the Spanish , the Chinese and the Japanese. During its formation, it receives exceptional notes in physical endurance, logic and Psychological Ops exercises. From 17 to 31 years, it serves Royal Navy, joined the MI6 at 32 years and is promoted agent 00 to 38 years in 2006.

Other theories

In his concept of Wold Newton, the writer Philip Jose Farmer suggests that Bond belongs to this family of exceptional beings at the sides of Tarzan, Sherlock Holmes, Doc. Savage and other fictitious heroes. There exist also certain theories which want to recut Bond with other characters of fiction, by suggesting that Bond is in fact Time Lord, as in Doctor Who.

More discussed, the realizer of Meurs another day Lee Tamahori thinks that the name “James Bond” is a code name (like 007) given to the best secret agents. This theory is supposed to explain different the change from actors during the series and thus the changes of age and appearance of Jump. The idea was launched so that Tamahori can include a Caméo of Sean Connery in film, and thus to explain how it was possible that Connery and Brosnan are both in film as Bond.

Tamahori explains its theory as follows: “Approximately, my idea is that there exist several Jumps. James Bond is not the true name of the man, it is just of a prefix and a code name. It is as that which I always saw it since the replacement of Connery by Lazenby. How this man can there remain always young? Of course that for me, it is just of a prefix and a code name. That means that Connery died or in the retirement, that Moore died or in the retirement and so on. While following that, that allows you possibilté to put two Jumps in film. What does it arrive T at the others? Did they die or withdrawn of the service? ”

This theory, just like the caméo with Connery, was rejected by the producers Barbara Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson the only evidence supporting this theory is the last sentence of Lazenby in the prégénérique one of At the secret service of Its Majesty after Tracy escapes to him “That never arrived at the other type. ” The theory is condemned by many fans because of continuity in following films when the woman of Jump, Tracy in question, is mentioned, in particular in the Spy who liked me where the James Bond of Roger Moore reacts émotionellement when the death of his wife is mentioned. Then in Only for your eyes where Bond is collected in front of the tomb of his wife; and in Allowed to kill where Felix Leiter refèrre with the marriage of Jump. More recently in Le Monde is not enough, when Electra asks Bond if it forever lost somebody whom he loved, Bond does not answer and changes subject immediately. Moreover, from time to time, Bond is seen with gadgets and weapons resulting from preceding films which he remembers clearly.

The idea that James Bond is not that a code name for several agent is present also in parodic film Casino Royal of 1967 where James Bond initial is an old gentleman who admonishes with M to give his number and her name with a young impetuous agent of which description resembles the Jump of Sean Connery. Later in film, six other agents of the MI6 receive the name of “James Bond 007” of which Vesper Lynd, Evelyn Tremble and a Phoque.

Universe

Friends and enemies

See also: List of combined of James Bond, James Bond girls, List of malicious of James Bond

The superiors of Jump and the other officers of MI6 are generally appointed by letters. Most known are M, the director of the MI6, and Q, the person in charge of the team which provides the gadgets of Jump. If M could be played by different actors during films (M is a woman in last the Jump), Q was practically always interpreted by Desmond the before being replaced with dead of the actor by R (in films, it is explained that Q took its retirement). In the novels, James Bond has two secretaries, Loelia Ponsonby and Mary Goodnight, whose roles in films are transferred on the secretary from M, Miss Moneypenny. In films, when Bond waits to enter the office of M, it is devoted traditionally to light a flirt with Moneypenny.

Occasionally, Bond is brought to work with his/her old friend of the CIA, Felix Leiter. In films, Leiter appears regularly during the period with Sean Connery, only once at the sides of Roger Moore, and in two films of Timothy Dalton; however, it is each time incarnated by a different actor. Absent in films with Pierce Brosnan (even if it is replaced by Jack Wade), Felix returns in first film with Daniel Craig Casino Royal in 2006.

The conquests of Jump (commonly called James Bond girls) appear generally only in one episode. Friends or enemy, they often bear names to Double direction like “Pussy Galore” ( Goldfinger ), “Plenty O' Toole” ( Diamonds are eternal ), or “Xenia Onatopp” ( GoldenEye ).

James Bond has also many enemies. In the first novels, the enemy is the SMERSH, Soviet criminal organization . Ian Fleming creates as of the beginning of the Années 1960 the SPECTRUM, which one will find thereafter in a direct way or not in the other authors, such as John Gardner or Raymond Benson. Regularly, agent 007 will have to face enemy secret organizations, such BAST and the Trade union. During first films (until To live and let die ), the principal enemy of James Bond is the SPECTRUM, a criminal network of scale, with at his head Ernst Stavro Blofeld.

That it is in the novels or films, there exists only one handle of recurring characters in James Bond. Among most memorable are Bill Tanner, Rene Mathis, Felix Leiter, Jack Wade, Requin, J.W. Pepper and recently Charles Robinson.

Cars, weapons and gadgets

See also: List of the cars of James Bond, List of the gadgets of James Bond

The gadgets and the vehicles hold a big part in the missions of James Bond. These objects prove very invaluable for Bond in the success of its missions.

The novels of Fleming and the first adaptations to the screen leaves only one small place to the equipment like Bons kisses of Russia with the explosive case. In James Bond against Doctor No , the equipment of Jump consists of simple a Geiger counter and of a wrist watch with a luminous side (and radioactive). The gadgets start to however take a more spectacular place in the film Goldfinger of 1964. The success of film encourages to put ahead the equipment of the secret agent with the section “Q” which equips 007. The gadgets of Jump can prove not very realistic, as in leaning film towards Science fiction Moonraker (1979) or in Meurs another day (2002) where the car of Jump can become invisible. In films, the most famous gadget with which Bond was associated is certainly its wrist watch which integrates several very sophisticated options. Several models existed but most famous is the Rolex Submariner, which appears during films with Sean Connery. The James Bond of Roger Moore prefers the quartz watch Seiko while that of Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig carries a Omega.

In the novels, Bond gives an extreme attention to its Bentley of 1939. Often damaged, he spends a fortune to give it in state. With the screen, the first car of Jump is indeed Bentley in James Bond against Dr. No but the most famous car of James Bond remains the Aston Martin DB5 gray visible in the film Goldfinger which is the first car equipped with a series of gadgets. Thereafter, several films used a certain number of model different of Aston Martin.

The choice of the watch of Jump, just like its car, depends on the style but also on financial interests related to arrangements with the manufacturers. For example following a contract signed with the mark, Bond exchanges temporarily its Aston Martin for a BMW during three films of 1995 with 2002.

The weapon of Jump in first film is a Beretta 6.35mm; it is then replaced by the more powerful Walther km No 7.65mm. The km No is then used in following films and becomes the weapon of predilection of the hero until Demain never dies where Bond changes for the Walther P99 more powerful. Since, Bond did not change weapon.

Works composing the universe of fiction

Written works

Films

Catalog of films “EON”

The films of the series produced by EON are often regarded as official films. What objectively is false in measurement or the films not produced by EON are not less official, since produced within a purely legal framework. The films known as “official” are indicated here under the more correct term of films “EON”. Films “EON” were generally made to the studios Pinewood, close to London.

Traditionally, each one of these films begins introduction consequently showing a white round on black bottom inside whose Bond moves before making fire towards the spectator, the screen is reddened and logo 007 finished by a gun appears, the whole accompanied by the famous melody ( James Bond topic ) by Monty Norman. Prégénérique during follows which Bond generally finishes a mission without relationship with the principal history and finally the credits in question which often places women in a setting in oneiric scene.

At the end of the Years 1950, EON Productions adapt the rights for the filmographic adaptations of all the books of James Bond apart from Casino Royal (of which the rights will be bought only in 1999) and of Opération Thunder held by Kevin McLory. Thus in 1962, the first novel adapted to the screen is Dr. No , with Sean Connery in the role of 007. Connery will incarnate the secret agent in five other films, it will be then succeeded the screen by George Lazenby (for 1 film), Roger Moore (for 7 films), Timothy Dalton (for 2 films), Pierce Brosnan (for 4 films) and Daniel Craig (currently 1 film). In 2007, 21 films had been made. A new film is planned for current 2008.

* Figures of May 6th, 2007.

** Figures are inflated to 2006 figures based one to consume Price Index.

*** All the figures is in American dollars.

Catalog of films “except series” or “independent”

The nonofficial film denomination is avoided in this article, insofar as when these works were marketing, the producers held the rights in a completely official way of them. One will prefer the film denomination rather to them “Out of the ordinary” or “independent. ” In 1963, Kevin McClory which took part with Ian Fleming and Jack Whittingham with the writing of a film scenario which was born never, definitively obtained the rights cinematographic of the novel that Ian Fleming had published under the title of Opération Thunder according to this same scenario. The descendants of McClory are always owners of these rights, contrary to EON.

Casino Royal of William H. Brown Jr., televised on October 21st, 1954. In 1954, CBS pay Ian Fleming to obtain the right to adapt Casino Royal in a one hour adventure within the framework of their series Climax! . In this American telefilm, James Bond (played by Barry Nelson) is famous in Jimmy Bond and is an American spy working for the CIA, Clarence Lieter is a British agent played by Michael Pate and Peter Lorre is the Figure.
Casino Royal of John Huston, Ken Hughes, Valley Guest, Robert Parrish, Joseph McGrath (1967). Sides of Deborah Kerr and Barbara Bouchet, David Niven plays, in this parodic film, the role of James Bond. Niven was in fact the preference of Fleming to represent the secret agent but selected EON Productions Sean Connery. To note that David Niven is only the James Bond whose name is mentioned in one of the novels of Fleming. In At the secret service of Its Majesty , Bond passes in a ski station where it is known as that David Niven is a frequent visitor.
Never never of Irvin Kershner with Sean Connery (1983). In 1983, a legal channel, after a long legal battle, made it possible Kevin McClory to produce a remake of Opération Thunder , of which he had been producer, with same Sean Connery, presented by the promotion of film like the true James Bond. Directed by Irvin Kershner which had just carried out the continuation of the Star Wars ( the Empire counter-attacks ). The film left at the same time as Octopussy , with Roger Moore in the main role, but received despite everything very warm welcome though lower than Octopussy .
James Bond Junior (1991): it is about a Série of animation launched by EON, putting in scene the adventures of the nephew of the famous spy.

Since, Subway-Goldwyn-Mayer bought the name of “James Bond” making very improbable of future productions apart from the circuits Eon Productions. The family of Kevin McClory, deceased in 2006, is however always holder of the cinematographic rights of Opération Thunder , of the SPECTRUM and Blofeld, rights that EON cannot use.

Main actors

Of 1962 with 2006, six actors in particular interpreted James Bond.

1962 - 1967, 1971, 1982: Sean Connery (VF: Jean-Pierre Duclos then Jean-Claude Michel) is still unknown when it takes the role of Jump. The producers did not have indeed the means of treating to a star for a B film. cynical James Bond and a little sexist, near to that which Fleming in its novels described, from Sean Connery obtains an immediate success and propels it to the row of star international.
1969: George Lazenby (VF: Jean-Claude Michel) does not succeed in convincing the public which does not digest the departure of Connery. In conflict with its producers, Lazenby breaks his contract after only one film. At the secret service of Its Majesty is also only James Bond to be finished badly, another possible reason with the bad reception of the public.
1973 - 1985: Roger Moore (VF: Claude Bertrand) manages to impose its own image of James Bond while bringing the particular humor which became then so characteristic of the secret agent. He is currently the actor to have turned the most James Bond.
1987 - 1989: Timothy Dalton (VF: Edgar Givry then Guy Chapellier) decides to approach the play of Sean Connery. Its Jump is cold and professional, but remains more human than the original. The reception of its service is mitigated.
1995 - 2002: Pierce Brosnan (VF: Emmanuel Jacomy) takes again the role of the secret agent after a few years of absence. After these years of ballotements, the service of Brosnan is decisive and this one is awaited the turning. Goldeneye is a planetary success and starts again the career of Pierce Brosnan while giving again a breath with the series.
2006 -? : Daniel Craig (VF: Eric Herson-Macarel) proves to be a surprising choice of the production because he is the first James Bond fair. Craig known as to have signed for three films.

. At this time, the series is rather considered for the adults but Eon Productions thinks that the success of Goldfinger and especially the setting in front of the gadgets in the future film Opération Thunder will make it possible to attract a younger public.

Playcraft which produces Aston Martin DB4 then decides to withdraw this model and of launching the production of the DB5. The first DB5 (Corgi 261) is marketed by Corgi in October 1965, practically a year after the exit of Goldfinger and two months before the exit of Operation Thunder. To note that this DB5 comprises the back of the DB4 and that it is of color gold and not Silverbirch as in film.

The investment of 45.000 Pounds Sterling of the time is very important but it is largely compensated by the enormous success of the toy with 2.771.000 Aston Martin DB5 007 sold in 1966. It makes it possible Playcraft to obtain two rewards, the U.K. Toy Of The Year and Best Boys Toy Of 1965.

There exists a roleplay James Bond 007 of Victory Games left in 1983. A stamp collection was also manufactured.

Influences

The name of James Bond is known in the whole world and work remains a major influence in the books and spy films. The parodic film multitude like Our man Flint (1966), Operation Younger brother (1967), Casino Royal (1967), Austin Powers (1997), Smoking (2002), Johnny English (2003), Double Zero (2004) are as many evidence of the prominence of Jump in the popular culture.

The Années 1960 saw many serials taking as a starting point James Bond like the Spies , max the Threat or Of the agents very special . Napoleon Solo, the hero of the series Of the very special agents , owes his name of a character of Goldfinger ; Fleming suggested also the name of April Dancer which was used later in the Spin-off of the series: Annie, very special agent . The telefilm the return of the very special agents (1983) in particular introduced a caméo of George Lazenby as James Bond in homage to Fleming (for reasons of rights, the character is called “JB”).

The character Arsène Lupin III of the Manga Lupin III of Monkey Punch refers also several inspired of Jump, like the gun Walther, the detached taste for the women and the gadgets, and his pace. One of the characters of the animated series of Nickelodeon Doug is a secret agent named Smash Adams, which is clearly inspired by Jump.

In Bowler hat and leather boots , some time after the departure of the character Cathy Scale (played by Honor Blackman), the character of John Steed (played by Patrick Macnee) receives a Christmas card of his share. He comments on then “It' S from Mrs Gale! I wonder what she' S doing in Strong Knox? ” - the destination envisaged by Pussy Galore in Goldfinger . The actress Diana Rigg, who plays Emma Peel, appears later as Tracy Bond in At the secret service of Her Majesty . Macnee itself, friend of Roger Moore, then seems Sir Godfrey Tibbett in Dangereusement yours . Joanna Lumley, which plays Purdey in the last episodes of the series, can also be seen in a small role where she pronounces only one or two words in At the secret service of Its Majesty .

In a similar way, four episodes of the series Arrested Development ( For British Eyes Only , Forget-Me-Now , Notapusy and Mr. F ) are référrent with films of Jump. The titles of the episodes are obvious parodies of the original titles several James Bond. Also, in the British emission Red Dwarf , James Bond is parodied in the form of Ace Rimmer.

George Lucas declared on several occasions that the portrait of Jump by Sean Connery was one of the principal inspirations for the character of Indiana Jones, a reason for which Sean Connery was selected for the role of the father of Indiana in third film of the series.

The Série of video game Amiga James Pond is also an obvious wink with James Bond. The series of Comic S of Sonic the Hedgehog includes/understands several references to Bond in a history entitled The Man from H.E.D.G.E.H.O.G.

Anecdotes

Pierce Brosnan was had a presentiment of to play James Bond upon the departure of Roger Moore. Nevertheless, it had to refuse because of the contract which it had signed for the series Remington Steele .
Demain never dies should not have been called like that. Indeed, the original title was at the beginning Tomorrow never dregs (Tomorrow never lies). But an error of retranscription replaced dregs by dies . The production appreciated and changed thus the title.
James Bond gives her resignation 3 times during films: the 1 time in At the secret service of its majesty for a dissension with M which wanted to withdraw the Bedlam business to him concerning the tracking of Blofeld and organization S.P.E.C.T.R.E. The 2ère Royal time in Casino after being fallen in love with Vesper Lynd. And finally the 3ère time in Allowed to kill to avenge its close friend Felix Leiter whose woman was assassinated by a high drug trafficker.
Ian Fleming called its character of the name of a ornithologist of which it read the work has Field Guide to the Birds off the West Indies . A wink is to be noted in a scene of Meurs another day where Bond reads the work in question and presents itself to Jinx as ornithologist.
James Bond is classified third in AFI' S 100 years… 100 Heroes and Méchants of the cinema.
the number of Jump is always 007 except in the novel One saw only twice where it becomes temporarily “7777”.
Three consecutive films of the Années 1980 have as an initial intrigue the death of an agent 00 ( Octopussy , Dangereusement yours and Tuer is not to play ).

Notes & references

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