See also: Lang

Jack Lang is a Politician French, born on September 2nd, 1939, with Mirecourt, in the the Vosges. His/her father was américanophile, from where the C-W communication of the first name, simple alternative of “Jacques”. His wife is Monique Buczynski.

Biography

Originating in a rich person family of Nancy, Jack Lang was right from the start attracted by the theatrical scene. It is remainder in its theater company which it makes knowledge of his Monique wife. It also chaired the festival of theater of Nancy of 1963 to 1977.

Raise in Sciences Po, it follows studies of right, obtaining a doctorate and the aggregation of public law and political sciences.

Political career

Beginnings with the Culture

It is named by the president Georges Pompidou directing of the theater of Chaillot (1972-1974) then, of 1971 to 1981, becomes international law professor at the university of Nancy. It is named national secretary with the culture with the Socialist party in 1973, and militates in particular against the refitting of the Markets of Paris.

It is revealed with the general public in 1981 when it is named Minister for the Culture, station which it will occupy during 10 years under all the two septennate old Socialist governments of François Mitterrand. It is at this station that it founds in particular in 1982 the Fête of the Music. This popular holiday, which is the occasion in free concerts of street and cultural events, was quickly a great success in France so much so that of many countries took up the idea of it. In the same way, in 1984 with the national Days of the inheritance (current European Days of the inheritance).

During the years of alternation (1986-1988 and 1993-1997) it finds its post of professor of Droit to the Université of Paris X Nanterre. In 1988, Lang asserts a great ministry “of the Beauty and Intelligence”.

The access to the delegation

Parallel to its ministerial career, it will be also city council man and to advise Paris of 1983 to 1989, then starting from 1986 it is established in Loir-et-Cher and becomes appointed about it (re-elected in 1988,1993, and 1997) and mayor of Blois of 1989 with 2000, date on which it gives up his post of mayor to his assistant, Bernard Valette. It ambitionne then openly to present itself to the town hall of Paris, powerful bastion of the right-hand side, but the Socialists prefer finally the local candidate to him Bertrand Delanoë.

Presidential election (1995)

Had candidate at the time of the primary educations of the Socialist party, it finally had to withdraw himself under criticisms of certain Socialists, the rocardien Manuel Valls and a score of first federal secretaries had carried out an internal campaign against him under the topic of “ Lang? Never ”. Daniel Vaillant had increased by treating it of “dishonor of the left”. Lang had then treated Lionel Jospin of “loser”. In 1997, after the victory of the left to legislative, the “loser” had then opposed a categorical “niet” to the entry of Jack Lang in her government. Jospin was always exasperated by Lang, her futility, her approximations, her grandiloquence, her side “spangles” her love of “coils parade” and of great work, her thirst for glory, honors and money.

During this crossing of the desert, it has like project to be made elect mayor of Paris, but it runs up against the ambition and the networks of Bertrand Delanoë.

The action with State education

In April 1992, Pierre Bérégovoy entrusts to him State education in addition to the Culture. Arrived in full period of dispute estudiante and high-school girl, it starts “to purify the atmosphere” by suspending the university reform project of its predecessor, Lionel Jospin. It softened the reform project teaching of the colleges and suggested to call upon called quota to fight against violence at the school. It creates also the “Festival of poetry”. It takes again also the negotiations and succeeds in finding an agreement with the father max Cloupet, then general secretary of catholic teaching, allowing the payment of part of the dispute on the payment of the contribution of the State the operating expenses of the private schools. It makes also retapisser the anteroom of the office of the Minister for State education with a superb wallpaper signed Alechinsky, but prefers the splendid office of André Malraux, Valois place.

In March 2000, following the broad cabinet reshuffle which sees the return of the " éléphants" PS with the government, it succeeds Claude Allègre like Ministre for State education. The Prime Minister Lionel Jospin names it for his consensual side and his popularity near the young people, in this period préélectorale, in order to calm the spirits: “ It is the obsession of any minister to have the high-school pupils in the street ”, tells it, named twice (1992-1993; 2000-2002) to pacify the educational world, to calm the trade unions and the representatives of the parents of pupils. It is all the more available, that it gives up requesting the socialist investiture for the municipal elections of the capital.

During the two years of its ministry, it will do everything to calm the “mammoth”, as called it its predecessor. It will reform the baccalaureat slightly and will start again the recruitment of teachers, broken down since 1997.

Beaten with the local elections of 2001 by the UDF Nicolas Perruchot, for the legislative of 2002, it leaves Blois definitively, and makes a success of its parachuting in the Pas-de-Calais. It becomes appointed in the 6th district of the Pas-de-Calais (Northern Boulogne - Calais western), very popular district, which counts one of the most important rates of France of recipients of RMI.

Presidential election (2002)

In 2002, after the failure of Lionel Jospin, he considers that it is necessary to reconcile the politicians with the French while being of agreement, for example, on the principle of an emission of TV-reality where policies will share the existence of Average Frenchman. He is vigorously taken with party by the Contract workers which reproach him for recovering their movement.

In 2004, it is named national spokesperson of the countryside of the PS for the regional ones and the cantonal ones. In the end of the year, it reinstates the direction of the Socialist party, while being charged, with Martine Aubry and Dominique Strauss-Kahn, of the socialist project for 2007. According to the Sofres, between 1987 and 2005, its approval rating oscillates around 45% of favorable opinions, with a rate, with low, of 35% in 2000. Some regard it as a possible recourse of the left to the presidential election of 2007. It should be noted that it posts a support for PACS and decided recently for the civil wedding of the of the same couples sex.

To change before 2007

Spokesperson of the PS during the program for the referendum of the treated for the European Constitution, it defends the line of “yes” at the sides of the executive team of the party. Afterwards the failure of the May 29th and the rejection of this treaty, he announces, the May 31st 2005, the creation of a club of reflection, Inventons tomorrow , is considered by certain as a step towards the advertisement of his “candidature for the candidature” at the time of the primary educations which will indicate, in November 2006, the socialist candidate with the presidential nomination . After having affirmed a long time that it wished to be candidate with the candidature, it finally decides not to be presented to the primary educations on October 2nd, 2006.

September 1st, 2005, it publishes a deliver-program for the presidential election of 2007: To change . Proclaiming a “realistic revolutionist”, it proposes there to in particular

  • a president responsible in front of the Parliament
  • mandate a four years
  • the full restoration of the powers of the Parliament
  • the end (real) of the office plurality of the mandates
  • the removal of current Sénat
  • an in-depth reform of justice
  • media pluralism
  • a Parliament with the colors of France.
  • the regularization of without-papers

At the time of the 10th birthday of died of the former President of the Republic François Mitterrand, it signs the postface of the book of Stephan Trano, Mitterrand, a business of friendship , with the editions of the Archipelago.

Among all the French politicians of Ve République, Jack Lang to date holds the record of longevity as a minister, with 12 years of ministerial exercise, shared between the wallets of the Culture and Education.

It is also recognized abroad to be a large friend of the Brazilian Socialists Lula, and Gilberto Gil, Italians Walter Veltroni and Romano Prodi, of the German Otto Schily… It also went to Fidel Castro, the Cuban president.

Presidential election (2007)

In spring 2006, Jack Lang prepares a book (" All that you always wanted to know about moi") to expose its points of view within the framework of a candidature for the socialist primary education for the candidate nomination of the party to the presidential election of 2007. These primary elections would have opposed it to Laurent Fabius, Ségolène Royal and Dominique Strauss-Kahn. In this book, Jack Lang declares that Ségolène Royal has “any” experience “neither with the international one, nor in a great ministry”. “One can play only of his charm, nothing to say, and hope to become president”. According to him, the first secretary François Holland “would have handled everyone, while making work on the socialist project whereas Ségolène was never there”. “This couple privatisé the party with its profit. It is a refusal of democracy”. “I never heard but one very old-fashioned thought where one could at least have hoped for an at the same time distinct and innovative speech. As long as to play the riders alone, it would be welcome to have things interesting to say”.

Having only little space and chance to gain these primary elections, it changes strategy and known as not to support any of the three candidates to the primary educations of the PS, then it supports finally Ségolène Royal who it thinks of being the only capable one to beat Nicolas Sarkozy. Following her rallying, Jack Lang gave up the publication of her book of talks become obsolete, asserting that one cannot “oblige to assume it whereas refutes it and 'more does not recognize there . The editor the attack in justice for breach of contract and abusive retention of royalties .

He belongs to the restricted team of countryside of the candidate, in the capacity as special adviser .

Legislative elections (2007)

Failing to present itself to presidential, Jack Lang presents himself to be re-elected appointed sixth district of the Pas-de-Calais.

He was re-elected with the second round, with 54,72% of the voices.

Participation in the committee of reflection on the institutions

In July 2007, President Nicolas Sarkozy proposes to him to join in his proper name the Comité of reflection on the modernization and the rebalancing of the institutions. He then is very criticized by Jean-Marc Ayrault and François Holland. The July 11th 2007, it addresses a letter to the first secretary of the PS, which it makes public, to inform this last of its resignation of its mandate of national secretary and his departure of the national office. It will however indicate to make a difference between the participation at a commission to deliver its opinion, and to take part to it in a government, which supposes to support the comprehensive policy of the president.

Within this framework, he recommends the removal of the post of Prime Minister and the limitation with two of the number of the presidential mandates.

According to Remi Lefebvre, professor of political sciences at the University of Rheims, the choice of Nicolas Sarkozy to call upon Jack Lang with the advantage of destabilizing the PS, knowing moreover than Jack Lang converges with his ideas on the hyper-presidentialisation (with counter-current of a rather parliamentary PS). Recalling that Lang had been one of the first to be received by Nicolas Sarkozy after her election, he thinks that it was undoubtedly tempted to exert a ministerial function. Jack Lang is to some extent a weak link with the Socialist party. Popular but without organized current, like showed it its renouncement to be candidate with the presidential nomination of the PS in 2006, it leaves its insulation out of the party. According to Lefebvre, Sarkozy “addresses to somebody who, the third dimension, anticipated a durable victory of the right-hand side. Jack Lang designs the policy like the exercise of responsibilities. It belongs to the Mitterrand generation, with a relatively assumed opportunism”.

Cultural policy

Jack Lang is designated national secretary of the PS to the cultural activity in 1973. It becomes Minister for the Culture in 1981. The Socialist party, followed by the other political parties, wishes to accentuate the application of democratization of the culture, initiated by André Malraux without he never pronouncing this term. This policy is supported by the associative movements and trade-union which become to aware of the importance of a “cohabitation” socio-policy for the diffusion of the culture.

Thus, at the local level, the budgets related to the culture burst and become a real policy issue, as well as the economy of the country to the profit of the Socialist party. Same manner, the budget for the promotion of the culture passes for the first time to 1% of the national budget. The cultural policies, supported by the president, François Mitterrand, gives them a legitimate character. The main aims of the policy of Jack Lang are at the same time to decrease the traditional hierarchisation which separates the “major Arts” from the “Minor arts” and to integrate into the last of the activities then not considered as belonging to the cultural field.

Thus, Jack Lang allows it the setting ahead:

  • of the Cirque (with the creation of a national center of arts of the circus and of an national association charged to manage the subsidies of the ministry),
  • of the Photographie (opening of a national school),
  • of the Musique other than traditional.
  • artistic education

It grants a very important place to the creator, in all the artistic mediums:

  • with the cinema, it develops financial aids with the writing;
  • with the theater is created subsidies to support the companies.

These financings are allotted after an evaluation of the project. It wishes to diffuse the cultural activities masses some but by means of a diversified artistic production and of quality.

The Loi Lang of August 1st 1981 fixes a price of the single book while stating to fight thus against the monopolization of the market by the stores of large distribution like FNAC or the hypermarkets. Jack Lang is also at the origin of the concept of Zenith, room protected of great capacity intended for the organization in concerts of " rock" (term employed at the time to indicate all that is not the traditional one or jazz). In parallel, under pressure of the general economy which is liberalized and in spite of two years of fight against the Américanisation, it grants to the mode, the Publicité and the design a cultural dimension. It diffuses the concept of “democracy of the taste”, where each one chooses the culture which it wants and is “creator” of culture. Works of art to the epic of the daily life, all is regarded as “culture”.

Synthesis of the political offices

Militancy

Admiror of Pierre Mendès France, it adheres to PSU at the end of the years 1960, then joined the Socialist party where it occupies several positions of responsibility:
  • 1978-1979: to advise first secretary
  • 1979: director of the countryside for the European elections
  • 1979-1981: national delegate in charge of the Culture
  • 1981: delegated to the communication for the presidential campaign of François Mitterrand
  • 1987-1988: national secretary with the Culture and Youth
  • 2005-2007: national secretary, in charge of the development of the party to the pole life of the Socialist party, it manages in particular the wave of adhesions of 2006. July 11th, 2007, he resigns of the national office (and thus of the national secretariat) because of a dissension with the First secretary François Holland on the opening impelled by Nicolas Sarkozy.
  • member of the national council of the PS; chair club " Let us invent demain" (since April 2004)
  • Administrator of the association of the friends of the Institute François Mitterrand

Ministerial career

Local elective career

; Municipal council
  • 14 March 1983 - 19 March 1989: member of the Council of Paris and city council man
  • 20 March 1989 - 18 March 2001: mayor of Blois (Loir-et-Cher)
  • 2001 - 2002: city council man Blois

; General advice

  • 1992 - 1993: general adviser of Loir-et-Cher, canton of Blois IV

; District council

  • 1992 - 1997: regional adviser of the Center
  • 1997 - 1998: regional adviser of the Center
  • March 2004 - in progress : regional adviser of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais, elected in the Pas-de-Calais
  • April 2004 - in progress : Vice-president of the district council, in charge with the universities and research

Parliamentary career

; With the National Assembly
  • March 1986 - 1988: deputy of Loir-et-Cher
  • 1988 - 1993: re-elected appointed Loir-et-Cher
  • 2 April 1993 - December 9th 1993: deputy of Loir-et-Cher
  • 1 er June 1997 - 27 April 2000: deputy of Loir-et-Cher
    • president of the commission of the foreign affairs of the National Assembly
  • 16 June 2002 - 17 June 2007: elected official Appointed of the 6th district of the Pas-de-Calais
  • 18 June 2007 - in progress : re-elected Appointed of the 6th district of the Pas-de-Calais

; In the European Parliament

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