Ivan Tourgueniev

Ivan Sergueïevitch Tourgueniev (in; November 9th 1818 of the Gregorian Calendar with Orel - September 3rd 1883 with Bougival) was a Russian writer.

Its family is easy but his/her mother is abusive. He lives of 1838 to 1841 with Berlin before turning over to Saint-Pétersbourg then to leave for London then to settle with Paris.

Dostoïevski caricatured it like Karmazinov in had the .

Gustave Flaubert was his friend. Its most famous book is Pères and wire which puts in particular in nihilist scene and to which he opposes the positive hero .

Ivan Tourgueniev was the friend of Emile Zola, but its relations became increasingly distant as its success grew. Tourgueniev did not appreciate, inter alia, the campaigns by the press of Zola.

The trunk road 13 door the name of " Street Yvan Tourgueneiev" with the passage of Bougival (Yvelines)

Biography

Tourgueniev was born with Orel (360 km in the south of Moscow, towards the Black Sea) in 1818. It is resulting from a nobility of old stock. Among his ancestors, one counts Pierre Tourgueniev, a martyr immolé by Dimitri Ier in 1604 because he had refused to recognize it like tsar; Jacob Tourgueniev, the buffoon of Pierre Ier. The 3 children live in the mother, and they is low there which he learns how to drive out. Besides nature plays a great part in the novels of Tourgueniev. He is entrusted to Russian and foreign tutors. He receives an excellent education under the whip of his mother. He learns French, German, English, the Greek and Latin. With a serf, it starts to write its first poems. Very early, it realizes of the injustice and of little respect of the human rights and it is it against what it fights all its vie.
In 1827, it settles in Moscow. During 2 years, it prepares to return to the university. In 1833, it is registered at the university of letter of Moscow. In 1834, it goes to the university of philosophy of Saint-Petersbourg. In 1835, it meets Gogol which is professor of history. In 1851, it attends the reading by Gogol of the Revizor and meets it. It finishes its studies in 1836.

In 1837, it meets Pouchkine, publishes the correspondence of this one and translated several of its poems with Mérimée and Flaubert. The following year, the Evening is published in a review progressist. It leaves then for Berlin to continue its studies and to go on journeys in Europe. It returns in 1841, and spends the summer in his mother. This summer, it maintains a connection with a linen maid, of which is born his/her Pelagie daughter. In 1843, he becomes civil servant and meets Belinski, the first Russian critic. Belinski is Russian progressist, influential and true, who likes his country and freedom. It is also an idealist. Tourgueniev the met in scene in Fathers and wire which is dedicated besides to its memory. Tourgueniev will require to be buried with the foot of the critique.
In 1844, Tourgueniev is interested in the theater and creates an Italian stable theater of opera. He subscribes with the theater and meets Pauline Viardot. Tourgueniev maintains its connection with Pauline Viardot until her death. This period marks also the beginning of the ideas progressists of Tourgueniev and the beginning of the censure of its works, in particular its plays which will be often played in Russia only after 1861. In 1845, Tourgueniev meets Dostoïevski, of return of Siberia.

From 1847 to 1850, Tourgueniev settles in France, and publishes much, of which the collection Mémoires of a hunter and the part One month in the countryside . In 1850, he saw in a castle close to Paris, at Gounot, the translator of Faust. He attends Flaubert and Georges Sand. The same year, Nicolas Ier requires the return of the Russians expatriates. Tourgueniev leaves France and is blocked in Russia during the Crimean War. It recovers his daughter and sends it at Pauline Viardot, in France. This one the pupil like his clean fille.
The same year, two currents of thought clash: the Slavophile S, which refuse any external influence and are very attached to the Russian habits, and the occidentalists, who are for the cosmopolitisme.
In 1852, the Mémoires of a hunter are published. This work escapes the censure, in spite of its subversive character, because she speaks about the life of the Russian peasants. Thereafter, Tourgueniev collects one month of prison, but it continues to write against serfdom. It is then assigned with residence. In 1853, Pauline Viardot returns in round to Russia. Tourgueniev takes a false passport then, leaves for Moscow in order to see it and give him manuscripts to be published in France. With the end of the year 1855, it receives the young person Tolstoï who is then officer, with which it says that it should write and not to fight. He encourages it to write.

In 1857, it is of return to Paris. It meets Mérimée, writes the forewords of Pères and wire and Fumée and translated several accounts. It meets Dumas and leaves for London. It launches the Funds Arts person at the end of the years 1850. In 1860, he writes First love . Tourgueniev divides its grounds with its peasants, becomes member of the Academy of Science. February 9th, 1861, serfdom is abolished. Tourgueniev publishes Pères and wire , which can symbolize the passage of old to the Russia news. It meets Flaubert, and starts a strong friendship with him. It translates into Russian the legend of Saint Julien d' Hospitalier. Thereafter, it will collect money to make a monument with the memory of Flaubert.
In the years 1860, it publishes much in France, and very little in Russia. The Slavophiles gain their combat against the occidentalists. That inclines it to compose of the accounts whose action is in Europe or who uses of the processes of the fantastic one. In the years 1870, he lives in Paris, at Viardot. He meets Zola, Daudet and Goncourt. Daudet is helped by Tourgueniev for its publications. Tourgueniev publishes Zola in Russia. At the end of the years 1870, it is made build Datcha in the surroundings of Paris, in Bougival. It obtains, in 1879, the title of doctor in Oxford, and one starts to play his parts in Europe. It becomes seriously sick with the beginning of the year 1880, is operated in Paris, and leaves in convalescence in Bougival. Over there, it at sea dictates in Pauline a fire, an end and prophesies the events of Russia. He dies on September 3rd, 1883, and is buried in Saint-Petersbourg, the feet of Belinski.

Works

News and collections of news

the Newspaper of a man of too (1850)
Memories of a hunter (1852) Edition final, and increased, in 1874.
Moumou (1854) Written by the author in detention in a prison of Saint-Pétersbourg.
the Inn of main road (1855)
First love (1860) Partly autobiographical, the most known text of Tourgueniev.
Appearances (1864) First fantastic account of the author.
Enough! (1865)
the Dog (1866) First success of the author in the fantastic kind.
Strange story (1870)
the Watch (1875)
a dream (1877) Another success of the author in the fantastic kind.
Song of the love triumphing (1881) fantastic Account located at Ferrare in XVIe century.
Clara Militch (After death) (1883) fantastic Account.
the Ruail (1883)

Novels

a quiet corner , also entitled quiet Water (1854)
Roudine (1856)
Nest of gentleman (1859)
With the day before (1860)
Fathers and Fils (1862) the romantic masterpiece of the author.
Smoked (1867)
spring Water (1871)
virgin Lands (1877)

Theater

the most famous part of the author, One month in the countryside , written in 1850, will have to wait until 1879 to be represented.

the Single person
the wire breaks where it is thin
the Bread of others (1848)
Imprudence
Without money
Provincial the
the Lunch in the marshal
Conversation on the main road
One evening with Sorrente

See too

Asteroïd 3323 Tourgueniev

External bonds

Datcha of bougival

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