Ion Iliescu

Ion Iliescu (born on March 3rd 1930 in Olteniţa) is a communist Rumanian politician, president of the Romania the shortly after the Coup d'etat of December 1989 (autoproclamé provisional government), 1992 to 1996 (elected official) and of 2000 to 2004 (elected official).

Communist period

Regional secretary of the Communist Party then member of the Central committee of the Party, it is drawn aside by Ceauşescu under the pretext of his supposed incompetence. In the Years 1980, it directs a publisher of the Party and is marginalized, without to be worried physically. It would seem that as from 1987-88, he started to constitute an abstract clandestine network of “Gorbatchev iens”, trained by executives of the Communist party dissatisfied and anxious of the suicidal drift of the mode.

Revolution of 1989

In December 1989, he manages to put himself on the front of the scene as of the first chaotic days of the Révolution which reverses Nicolae Ceauşescu, and its position of chief is recognized quickly by the small circle of the revolutionary leaders.

As a chief of the provisional authorities, he states to always wish for the Romania a future of original democracy in the mobility of the Soviet Union. These declarations are interpreted like suggesting the adoption of reforms of the style Perestroïka rather than the complete replacement of the existing institutions. It apparently wished at the beginning to direct the Political system towards a version of “human socialism” to the Gorbatchev. The fall of this last and the Soviet Union and the appearance of the Rumanian political parties preserving Libéral (Left national liberal) and (Left national peasant) makes null and void its project.

There are still many mysteries on its true role in the Revolution (it was the subject recently of an investigation on its implication in the death of the alleged thousand of victims of these violent one days). It remains in fact one of the large recipients of this one, while having benefitted skilfully from chaos to consolidate its capacity. During the Communist regime, one of hardest of Eastern Europe, if not hardest, belonging to the Nomenklatura, it would have sent in the Rumanian penitentiary system of the thousands of people considered as opponents to the mode.

The Front of national hello (FSN, Frontul Salvării Naţionale ) was with the departure designed to organize the free legislative elections of the May 20th 1990, and to dissolve after those. It gains there more than 85% of the votes.

Years FSN

As a founding member of the FSN, Iliescu follows the Face without its new misadventures: the FDSN (democratic Face of the national hello) and the PDSR (Left the social democracy to Romania), then the PSD (Left social democrat). Gradually, the Face loses its character of national union or coalition, and becomes vulnerable to criticism on its use of the advantage which the fact got to him of having been the principal recipient of the regime change, while beginning however in political battles with unjustified means compared to its statute and with its real representativeness. Iliescu itself appears to be hostile at a true civil society, and seems more committed in a re-examined version of the democratic centralism.

Thus, the Transition towards a new democratic regime encounters difficulties, in particular illustrated in 1990 by brutal the Répression of the demonstrations against the capacity with Bucharest. Bands of minors, organized in militia like time of Communism, gather in the capital since the mining valleys of the Olténie, “to do the housework”, the Gonariade S. the following day, a counter-demonstration in favor being able it reduced in the streets several tens of thousands of workers of the principal factories of Bucharest.

In spite of the strong social strains and ambiguities of the new mode, in spite of the strong opposition of the parties known as “historical” reconstituted, and in spite of a deficit of image abroad worsened by the ethnic conflict between Rumanian and Hungarian in Transylvania, Ion Iliescu is elected democratically with the presidency in 1992.

It does not succeed in stopping the scission of its party, born from deep dissensions with its Prime Minister Petre Roman (founder of the Democratic party - PD). The economic decline and the blocking of the reforms amplify the popular discontent.

In 1996 this time, it loses the presidential election, in front of the candidate of a coalition of center-right (CDR), Emil Constantinescu.

This one proves to be finally a disillusion for its partisans, like alliance CDR (liberal-centrist-conservative-Magyars) with the government. The popular layers are seriously touched by the poverty and the social costs of the liberal economic reforms of inspiration.

The return to the capacity

Ion Iliescu, once again, capitalizes this situation successfully and, with the head of the social democrat Parti (PSD), gains the elections presidential and legislative of 2000. The candidate of right does not even manage to take part in the second ballot and Ion Iliescu faces the candidate of Extrême right-hand side Corneliu Vadim Tudor, founder of the party “Large Romania”.

In 2004, Ion Iliescu cannot any more, because of the constitutional provisions prohibiting a president from making more than two mandates, to present itself to the presidential election; Adrian Năstase, candidate of the PSD, does not have its charisma and its political intelligence, and it loses the elections of 2004 in favor of Traian Băsescu, chief of PD, resulting from the scission with the PSD.

Because of the opposition of a wing “reformist” of the PSD, Ion Iliescu will then not be elected with the presidency of the social democrat Parti against his young adversary Mircea Geoană.

In 2005, he becomes senator PSD and chairs a social democrat formation.

Be-X-old: ІёнІліеску

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