Ingrie

The Ingrie is a historical area of the Russia located at the edge of the gulf of Finland, between the south of the Lac Ladoga and the river Narva.

History

The Middle Ages

During the age of the Vikings, Ingrie was a head of bridge on trade route of the Varègues which went in the East of Europe.

The Swedes called Ingermanland the old territory of Lod, which belonged to princes de Novgorod. It would owe its name with the girl of the king de Suède Olof Skötkonung, which was called Ingegerd Olofsdotter. At the time of its marriage with Yaroslav Ier Wise the, in 1019, it accepted this ground like wedding gift.

Ingrie was then managed by Swedish jarls, like Ragnvald Ulfsson, under the sovereignty of the République of Novgorod. With the twelfth century, the west of Ingrie was absorbed by this republic. During the centuries which followed, it was the theater many wars, implying mainly Sweden and Russia, but also the Denmark and the Chevaliers Teutoniques. Besides the latter established a fortress in the town of Narva. The Russians made in the same way in 1492 on opposite bank of Narva, in 1492, by building the castle of Ivangorod.

Ingrie Swedish

Ingrie, named Ingermanland in Swedish, was a dominion Swedish of 1580 to 1595, then again of 1617 on 1702, date to which it was reconquered by the Russians. It officially and was definitively yielded to the Russia by the Traité of Nystad in 1717.

Ingrie Swedish included/understood the zone located along the Neva river, between the gulf of Finland, the Narva river, the lake Peipsi and the lake Ladoga. It was close to the Swedish Karelia.

Ingrie fell in hands Swedish in 1580, returned to Russia to the treaty of Teusina, in 1595, then is again Swedish after the treaty of Stolbovo of 1617. The interest of Sweden for this territory was strategic: it was about a buffer zone against the Russian attacks on the isthmus of Karelia; in addition, the Russian trade was then obliged to pass by the Swedish territory. Moreover, Ingrie was the destination of the Swedish deportees.

It remained little populated (15 ' 000 inhabitants according to a census of 1664). The Swedish attempts to introduce the lutherianism ran up against the hostility of the orthodoxe farming community, obliged to follow the offices Lutherans. Grounds and tax cuts were offered to the people who converted, but progress of the lutherianism was especially due to the voluntary colonists coming from Savonie and of Karelia. Ingrie was offered in stronghold to noble soldiers and officers of state who brought their own workers and domestic Lutherans.

Russian Ingrie

With the beginning of the year 1700, the zone was reconquered by Russia at the time of the Great War of North, after one century of Swedish hegemony. In 1703, the new Russian capital Saint Petersbourg is founded in the place of the Swedish city of Nyen.

Pierre Large the raised Ingrie with the row of duchy, with Prince Menshikov like first (and the last) duke. In 1710, it became the province of Petersbourg Saint.

After the revolution Bolshevik of 1917, a car-proclaimed republic of Ingrie of North declared its independence, with the support of the Finland. Its goal was to be attached to Finland. After a short period of autonomy in 1919 and 1920, it was reinstated in Russia after the treaty of Paix of Tartu.

In 1927, Ingrie is famous Province of Leningrad and although the city found its name of Petersburg Saint in 1991, the province kept its name (Oblast of Leningrad).

Demography

The two people autochtones of Ingrie are the Izhoriens and the Votes, two Finno-ugric tribes. After the Swedish conquest, Finnish descendants of the emigrants who were established in Ingrie became majority.

With their apogee in the years 1920, the Finnish population of Ingrie counted approximately 160 ' 000 people, with approximately 300 schools and ten newspapers of Finnish language.

The Finnish population almost completely disappeared during the Soviet period. Sixty-three thousand people fled in Finland during the Second world war. At the end of the war, Stalin required their return and carried out or exiled the majority of them. Finnish of remaining Ingrie quickly were then exceeded by Russian immigration.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Finnish of surviving Ingrie and their descendants Russianized were authorized to emigrate in Finland. They gave rise to a minority Russian speaker in Finland.

Izhoriens and the Votes, them also, almost completely disappeared.

Sources

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