Indian Ocean

Called a long time Eastern ocean or sea of the Indies , the Indian Ocean is a Océan which extends on a surface from 75  000  000 km ². It is limited to the Northern by the India, the Pakistan and the Iran, with the Is by the Burma, the Thailand, the Malaysia, the Indonesia and the Australia, with the southern by the Antarctic Ocean and with the western by the Africa and the Arabic peninsula.

By convention, the Indian Ocean is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Longitude of the Cape of the Needles (20°E), of the Pacific Ocean by the longitude of the island of Tasmanie and the Antarctic Ocean by the 60 {{E}} parallel south.

Geology

At the time of the appearance of the first Dinosaur S, has there 200 million years (Trias), Africa, India, the Antarctic and Australia touched itself to form one continent, the Pangée. 170 million years ago, Africa separates some then, 70 million years ago, India is detached some in its turn to come to butt against the continent of Asia 45 million years ago. It is this space left vacuum which we name Indian Ocean.

History

  • II E: the Greek Eudoxe de Cyzique voyage in India by the sea route. The geographer Ptolémée, at the same time, indicates it under the name of Indikon Pelagos (“sea Indienne”), then later Pline Old the names it itself: Oceanus Indicus (Indian Ocean).
  • first century-4th century: arrival coming from Indonesia of the first Austronésien S in the area, in particular with Madagascar. Contacts with the Eastern Africa where plants Asian cultigenes (Banana, taro, Yam, etc) are introduced.
  • 7th century: blooming of the Buddhism to Sumatra and Java. Voyages of several Chinese buddhist monks, of which Yi Jing, in India while passing by the sea route.
  • 860 : an inscription of Java mentions, in a list of servants, the name of Jenggi , i.e. “Zeng”, Arab name of the inhabitants of the east coast of Africa.
  • 945 - 946: the Arab book the Wonders of India brings back the arrival on the coast of Mozambique of “a thousand of boats” assembled by Waqwaq which come from islands “located opposite China” (i.e. current the Indonesia) to seek products and slaves.
  • 11th century: the dynasty Chola in the India of the South conquers Ceylon and launches forwardings against the kingdom of Sriwijaya in the island indonésienne of Sumatra.
  • 13th century: arrival Persan chiraziens with the the Comoros.
  • 1295 : Marco Polo returns from China by the sea route.
  • 14th century: the Morrocan Ibn Battuta, ambassador of the sultanate of Delhi in China, Sumatra visit.
  • 1400 : foundation of Malacca in the Malayan Peninsula by prince de Sumatra.
  • 1488 : Bartolomeu Dias exceeds the Cape of Good Hope.
  • 1497 : Vasco de Gama goes until in India.
  • 1500 : first arrival of Europeans in Madagascar (Diego Dias).
  • February 9th 1507: Discovered the Meeting by the Portuguese Diego Dias.
  • 1510 : catch of Goa in India by the Portuguese under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque.
  • 1511 : conquest of Malacca by Albuquerque.
  • 1770 : the English James Cook arrives to Australia.
  • 1772 : discovered islands Kerguelen by Yves Joseph de Kerguelen de Trémarec.
  • 1820 : discovered continent the Antarctic.
  • 1869 : opening of the Suez Canal.
  • Tsunami of December 26th, 2004

Geopolitics

Islands of the Indian Ocean

Belong to the southern and antarctic Lands French:

  • the island Amsterdam and the island Saint-Paul,
  • the Archipelago Crozet,
  • the archipelago of Kerguelen (or islands of Desolation ).

See too

External bonds

  • Plane of a course with Science-Po devoted to the Indian Ocean

  • Society for Indian Ocean Studies
  • Maps off the Indian Ocean
  • oceans in figures

Beats-smg: Indėjės ondenīns Be-X-old: Індыйскіакіян Simple: Indian Ocean Zh-min-nan: Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ Zh-yue: 印度洋

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