Index of human development

The index of human development or IDH is a composite statistical index, created by the Programme of the United Nations for the development (UNDP) in 1990, evaluating the level of Human development countries of the world.

The concept of the Human development broader than than is described by it the IDH which is only one indicator, created by the UNDP to evaluate what was measured before only with inaccuracy. The preceding indicator used, GDP per capita, does not give information on the Bien-être individual or collective, but evaluates only the economic production. It presents variations which can be very important with the IDH (cf '' How HDI Relates to GDP '', site of UNO).

Principle

The IDH is a compound index , without unit, ranging between 0 (execrable) and 1 (excel), calculated by the average of three indices respectively quantifying:

the health / longevity (measured by the Life expectancy with the birth), which makes it possible to indirectly measure the satisfaction of the essential material needs such as the access to a healthy Alimentation, with the Drinking water, a decent Logement, good a Hygiène and the Medical care. In 2002, the Division of the population of the United Nations took into account in its estimate the demographic impacts of the pandemia of the AIDS for 53 countries, against 45 in 2000.
the to know or level of education . It is measured by the Taux of elimination of illiteracy of the adults (percentage 15 years and more knowing to write and include/understand easily a short and simple text treating daily life) and the rough rate of schooling (combined measurement of the rates for the primary education, the secondary and the superior). It translates the satisfaction of the immaterial needs such as the capacity to be taken part in decision makings on the work place or in the company;
the standard of living (Logarithm of the Gross domestic product by Inhabitant in Purchasing power parity), in order to include the elements of quality of life which are not described by the first two indices such as mobility or the access to the culture.

The data used are those communicated by the States with UNO. The IDH is always published with a certain delay, because calculated starting from generally collected figures two years earlier. The IDH 2004 used figures of 2002 thus, for 175 Member States of UNO, more HongKong, China and the Palestinian Territoires. It was the first time that the Eastern Timor and Tonga were the subject of the calculation of the IDH. Information comparable, credible or available on the 4 components IDH misses for some countries (16 in 2004).

Classification

In 2004, the IDH goes from 0,963 for the Norway (1st) to 0,281 for the Niger (177e). The world mean is of 0,741. The UNDP classifies the countries in three groups:

country with high human development (IDH >= 0,8): 63 countries of average IDH 0,918;
country with average human development (0,5 <= IDH < 0,8): 83 countries of average IDH 0,691;
country with weak human development (IDH < 0,5): 31 countries of average IDH 0,448.

Calculation of the IDH

Principle

The IDH is calculated like average of the indices of longevity, level of education and standard of living. These indices are calculated starting from a data quantified to linear Interpolation between two possible and/or acceptable extreme values of this data; the maximum value corresponds to an index of 1 (excellent) and the minimal value, of 0 (execrable).

Formulas

The IDH is worth

\ mathrm {IDH} = \ frac {A+D+E} {3}

where has , D and E is respectively indication of longevity, level of education and standard of living.

The calculation of the indices is given in the table below.

Example

In Ivory Coast, the life expectancy with the birth is EV = 41,2 years, the rates of elimination of illiteracy and schooling MT = 49,7% and TBS = 42% and the gross domestic product per capita GDP = 1 520 dollars in purchasing power parities. The indices composing the IDH are:

longevity

level of education

standard of living

The IDH is thus worth

See too

Indicating of poverty

Classification IPH of the countries, 2000 (IPH = Indicating of Human Poverty)
Classification IPH of the countries, 2004

External bond

Classification of the countries according to the IDH in 2006
world Chart of human development 2006
Classification of the countries according to the IDH in 2004

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