Independence

See also: Independence (homonymy)

For a Country, a political Organization or a branch of the Government, the independence is the acquisition of its autonomy, in opposition to being a regent by someone else.

This autonomy is primarily Politique. It is declined in various forms which are aspects of the Souveraineté:

Obtaining such an independence implies sometimes events violent one (Civil war) or a secession, more rarely a negotiated political process. That in any case constitutes a particularly important moment in the life of a Nation, it is often the reason of its annual celebration by those which gained it.

Caution: the concept of independence is delicate to use in certain cases, for the oldest majority. The concept appears only tardily, at the same time as the idea of the nation appears, and it is rather ambiguous of speaking about independence of France or Spain, because for the first, France is France since its origin (currently very discussed) and one cannot speak about independence of Spain, because it is about a process of unification by the top of Castille and Aragon started since 1469. Nowadays, an independence is the resulting one from a popular movement by the bottom, often nationalist and Marxist (Pays Basque, WILL GO) which leads to the secession or the separation of part of a country, like the case of the Montenegro

Dates of independence in the world

With

* Afghanistan: August 19th 1919 (of the the United Kingdom)
* South Africa: May 31st 1910 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Albania: November 28th 1912 (of the Ottoman Empire)
*: July 5th 1962 (of the France)
* Germany: Treaty of Verdun, 843 (of the Carolingian Western Empire), unification in 1871
* Andorra: 780 (Creation)
* Angola: 1975 (of the Portugal)
* Antigua-and-Barbuda: 1981 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Saudi Arabia: 1932 (Unification of the Hedjaz and the Nejd)
* Argentinian: 1816 (of the Spain)
*: September 21st 1991 (of the Soviet Union)
* Australia: January 1st 1901 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Austria: 1918 (of the Austria-Hungary)
*: August 30th 1991 (of the Soviet Union)

B

* the Bahamas: July 10th 1973 (of the the United Kingdom)
*: August 14th 1971 (of the the United Kingdom
* Bangladesh: 1971 (of the Pakistan)
* Barbados: 1966 (of the the United Kingdom)
* or Bélarus: 1991 (of the Soviet Union)
* Belgium: proclaimed the October 4th 1830, recognized the January 20th 1831 (of the Netherlands)
* Belize: 1981 (of the the United Kingdom)
*: June 1st 1960 (of the France)
* Bhutan: August 8th 1949 (of the India)
* Burma: January 4th 1948 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Bolivia: August 6th 1825 (of the Spain)
*: 1992; recognized in 1992
* Botswana: September 30th 1966 (of the the United Kingdom)
*: proclaimed the September 7th 1822, recognized the August 29th 1825 (of the Portugal)
* Brunei: 1984 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Bulgaria: 1878, recognized in 1908 (of the Ottoman Empire)
* Burkina Faso: August 5th 1960 (of the France)
* Burundi: July 1st 1962 (of the Belgium)

C

* Kampuchea: November 9th 1953 (of the France)
* Cameroun: January 1st 1960 (of the France and the the United Kingdom)
* Canada: July 1st 1867 (Canadian Confederation)
* Cape Verde: 1975 (of the Portugal)
* (of the France)
* Chile: 1818 (of the Spain)
* Cyprus: 1960 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Colombia: 1830 (of the Spain)
*: 1975 (of the France)
*: (1960 (of the France)
*: June 30th 1960 (of the Belgium)
*: September 9th 1948
*: August 15th 1945 (of the Japan)
* Costa Rica: 1839 (fine of the plain Provinces of Central America)
*: August 7th 1960 (of the France)
* Croatia: 1991; recognized in 1992 (of the Yugoslavia)
* Cuba: 1901 (of the the United States)

D, E

* Denmark: Before the 8th century
* Djibouti: 1977 (of the France)
*: 1844 (of Haiti)
* Dominique: 1978 (of the the United Kingdom)

*: 1922 (of the the United Kingdom)

*: 1822 (of the Spain)
*: 1971 (of the the United Kingdom)
*: 1993 (of the Ethiopia)
* Spain: 1512 (Union of the Castille, the Navarre and the Aragon)
* Estonia: 1990 (of the Soviet Union)
* the United States: Declared the July 4th 1776 (Fine of the war of independence in 1783) (of the the United Kingdom)
*: 1896 (of the Italy)

F

* Fiji: 1970 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Finland: 1917, recognized in 1918 (of the Russia)
* France: 843 (Treated of Verdun) (of the Carolingian Western Empire)

G, H, I, J, K

* Gabon: August 17th 1960 (of the France)
* Gambia: 1965 (of the the United Kingdom)
*: 1991 (of the Soviet Union)
* Ghana: 1957 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Greece: 1821 (declared); 1829 (recognized) (of the Ottoman Empire)
* Grenade: 1974 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Guatemala: 1840 (of the plain Provinces of Central America)
*: 1958 (of the France)
*: 1975 (of the Portugal)
*: 1968 (of the Spain)
* Guyana: May 26th 1966 (of the the United Kingdom)

*: December 5th 1804

* Honduras: 1839 (of the plain Provinces of Central America)
* Hungary: 1918 (of the Austria-Hungary)

* India: August 15th 1947 (of the British India, to see Partition of the Indies)

*: 1945 (proclaméé); 1949 (recognized) (of the Netherlands)
* Iraq: October 3rd 1932 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Iran: 1502 (of the tribes turkmenes)
* Ireland: 1937 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Iceland: June 17th 1944 (of the Denmark)
*: May 14th 1948 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Italy: Unification the March 17th 1861

*: 1962 (of the the United Kingdom)

* Japan: Antiquity
* Jordan: May 25th 1946 (of the the United Kingdom)

* Kazakhstan 1991 (of the Soviet Union)

* Kenya: December 12th 1963 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Kyrgyzstan: 1991 (of the Soviet Union)
* Kiribati: 1979 (of the the United Kingdom)
*: 1961 (of the the United Kingdom) (annexed with the Iraq in 1990 - 1991)

L, M

* Laos: July 19th 1949 (of the France)
* Lesotho: October 4th 1966 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Latvia: May 4th 1990 (of the Soviet Union)
* Lebanon: November 22nd 1943 (of the France)
*: 1847
* Libya: 1951 (of the Italy)
* Liechtenstein: July 12th 1806 (of the Germanic Holy roman Empire Romain)
* Lithuania: 1990 (of the Soviet Union)
* Luxembourg: 1839 (of the Belgium)

*: September 8th 1991 (of the Yugoslavia)

* Madagascar: June 26th 1960 (of the France)
* Malaysia: 1957 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Malawi: 1966 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Maldives: July 26th 1965 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Mali: 1960 (of the France)
* Malta: September 21st 1964 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Morocco: March 2nd 1956 (fine of French Protectorate)
* Marshall: 1986 (of the the United States)
* Maurice: March 12th 1968 (of the the United Kingdom]
* Mauritania 1960 (of the France)
* Mexico: September 16th 1810 (of the Spain)
* 1990 (of the the United States)
* Moldavie: August 27th 1991 (of the Soviet Union)
* Monaco: January 8th 1297 (of the Republic of Genes)
* Mongolia: 1924 (of the China)
*: June 3rd 2006 (of the Serbia-Montenegro)
* Mozambique: June 25th 1975 (of the Portugal)

NR, O, P, Q

* Namibia: March 21st 1990 (of the South Africa)
* Nauru: 1968 (of the Australia)
*: Unified in 1768
* Nicaragua: 1838 (of the plain Provinces of Central America)
* Niger: 1960 (of the France)
*: 1960 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Norway: proclaimed the June 7th 1905, recognized the October 26th 1905 (of the Sweden)
*: September 26th 1907 (of the the United Kingdom)

*: September 1st 1991 (Fine of the Soviet Union)

* Pakistan: 1947 of the the United Kingdom
* Palaos: October 1st 1994 of the the United States
*: San Martin proclaims independence July 28th 1821 (for the autochtones not yet)
* Puerto Rico: Puerto Rico proclaims independence September 23rd 1868 and November 1st 1950

R

*: January 1st 1993 (Partition of the Czechoslovakia)
* the United Kingdom: Formed in 1801
* Romania: 1877 (of the Ottoman Empire)
* Rwanda: July 1st 1962 (of the Belgium)

S

* San Marino: October 8th 1600
*: April 4th 1960 (of the France)
* Seychelles: 1976 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Singapore: August 9th 1965 (of the Malaysia)
* Slovakia: January 1st 1993 (Partition of the Czechoslovakia)
*: June 25th 1991 (of the Yugoslavia)
* Somalia: July 1st 1960 (of the the United Kingdom and the Italy)
* Sudan: January 1st 1956 (of the United Kingdom)
* Sweden: Swiss June 6th 1523
*: 1291
* Suriname: November 25th 1975 (of the Netherlands)

T, U, V

* Tadjikistan: October 8th 1991 (Fine of the Soviet Union)
* Eastern Timor: 2002 (of the Indonesia)
* Tunisia: March 22nd 1956 (fine of the French Protectorate)
* Ukraine: August 24th 1991 (of the Soviet Union)
* Uruguay: August 25th 1825 (of the Brazil)
* Vanuatu: July 30th 1980. End of the Condominium Franco-English
* the Vatican: February 11th 1929 (Agreements of Lateran)
*: September 2nd 1945 Declaration of Independence in Hanoi, on the Place Ba Dinh

W, X, Y, Z

*: May 22nd 1990 (Reunification)
* Zambia: October 24th 1964 (of the the United Kingdom)
* Zimbabwe: April 17th 1980 (of the the United Kingdom)

See too

Beats-smg: Liousoms Be-X-old: Незалежнасьць Simple: Independence Zh-yue: 獨立

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