Imre Nagy

Imre Nagy ˈnɒɟ}} (its name decides “Nodj phonetically”) is a politician Hungarian and economist of agriculture born with Kaposvár the June 7th 1896 and carried out the June 16th 1958 with Budapest.

Member of the working Socialist party Hungarian, it had the appearance of a dissident somewhat, but was not less twice Chef of the government. After the Hungarian popular insurrection in 1956 and its execution in 1958, it is regarded as a national hero.

Biography

He is born in a country family and is useful like apprentice in a metal worker before serving in the Austro-Hungarian army during the First World War. He is made prisoner in 1915 and is interned close to Irkoutsk; on this occasion, it converts with the Marxisme: since 1917, it returns to POSDR (b) (the name of the Russian Communist party of then) and fights during the Civil war in the rows of the Red Army . For this reason, it would have been used in the squadron which keeps Nicolas II of Russia and his family for Iekaterinbourg and would have taken part in the firing squad.

It returns to Hungary and takes part in the Hungarian Soviet government of Béla Kun but, in 1927, with the hardening of repression anticommunist, it prefers to take refuge with Vienna then, in 1930, with Moscow. Its good relationships with Boukharine being worth troubles to him, it is recommended to him to become collaborator of NKVD, which enables him to escape the great Stalinist purgings which affects also the Hungarian community exiled in Soviet Union. During the war he works with Radio-Kossuth which produces emissions in language Hungarian E.

Returned at the country in 1944, it implements the following year the Land reform in Hungary as Minister for the Agriculture of the Magyar Communist party.

June 13rd, 1953, within the framework of the Destalinization, it replaces Mátyás Rákosi at the station of Prime Minister. It starts a policy of radical reform and becomes for much Hungarian that which carried the hope of a better future. He recommends the idea of a “New way”, somewhat recalling NEP of Lénine and precursor of “Socialism to human face” of Alexander Dubček. This policy displeases with cacic Party and the Stalinist group of its Rákosi predecessor is opposed to it radically. Having lost the support of the Politburo of Moscow, Imre Nagy is raised of its functions the April 14th 1955 by the direction of the Hungarian Communist party and is a few months excluded later from the party. The majority of its reforms are cancelled in the phase of restoration which follows.

In February 1956, the “secret speech” of Nikita Khrouchtchev blaming openly the Stalinisme makes snowball in the countries of the communist bloc: one now requires a revision of the line of the Party in Poland where the riots of Poznan burst, in Budapest one replaces with the presidency of the Party, Stalinist the Matyás Rákosi by Ernő Gerő. But that is not enough to alleviate dissatisfaction, in particular that of the students and the intellectuals.

In Hungary, the October 23rd 1956, the protests coeds - officially started to support the workmen of Poland - turn to the popular insurrection. The central committee of the Communist party calls once again Imre Nagy with the head of the government. The October 28th, Nagy is named minister-president. It forms a government pluripartite and requires a parliamentary Démocratie, withdraws its armies of the Warsaw Pact on October 31st and, on November 1st, proclaims the neutrality of Hungary near the authorities of UNO while inviting the great powers to guarantee it. It is enormous and daring into full Cold war, but without the support of Moscow, it is little or nothing. If the army and the police force Hungarian women line up at its sides, there remain Russian troops stationed in Hungary. Imre Nagy negotiates with Moscow to obtain a kind of special statute for its country. Secretly János Kádár, the enemy of Nagy, gets along with the Soviets and prepares a Coup d'etat supported by the Russian troops ready to go towards the west, proclaiming illegal the government of Nagy.

The November 4th 1956, the Soviet tanks enter to Hungary and drown in blood the popular insurrection. The battle, which lasts in Budapest until November 15th, costs the life approximately 20.000 Hungarians. In spite of what Radio Free Europe had announced, the Occident does not intervene.

Nagy organizes resistance in Western Hungary and leaves open certain roads towards the Austria by which, until November 21st, 1956 approximately, 210.000 Hungarians leave the country. Itself finds asylum in the enclosure of the embassy of Yugoslavia which is, 3 weeks during, encircled by the tanks. Ensured of a safe conduct by Kádár, the new chief of the government, Imre Nagy leave the embassy on November 22nd, 1956 but are immediately stopped by the the KGB with his companions and deportee in Romania.

Its lawsuit proceeds two years later. At the end of a sham trial, he declares: “I am sure that the international labor movement and the Hungarian people will rehabilitate me. I am the victim of a serious error of justice. I do not ask to be pardoned”. After its judgment for “control counter-revolutionary”, Nagy is carried out the June 16th 1958 in the prison of Budapest by hanging.

After the “turning” of 1989, Imre Nagy is officially rehabilitated by Hungary and on June 16th, little before the death of its rival János Kádár, it receives national funeral. For a long time, the transfer of its coffin had been claimed, inter alia in 1988 by the chief of the students of Budapest, later minister-president, Viktor Orbán.

Catalog of films

the man without burial , documentary Hungarian of Marta Meszaros, 2005

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