Illyrie

Illyrie is a kingdom of the coasts of the Adriatique on its Eastern bank, corresponding about to the West of the Croatia and the current Slovenia. Illyriens appear towards the XXe century. It is people of stock Indo-Européenne which included/understood Dalmates and Pannoniens. Towards -1300 they are established on the coasts North and Is Adriatique. Today the archeologists associate them with the culture Hallstatt (Name one period of the iron age preceding antiquity. It is also that of a lake and archeological site éponyme in Austria, in the Salzkammergut).

They were divided into several tribes (or ethnè), the principal ones were: The Ardiéens (Ardianes), the Dalmatian , the Dardaniens (or Albanian Dardanët) lived in current the Kosovo, the Dassarètes, the Kaones, the Labéatesles, the Penestes, the Taulantins, the Thesprotes etc… Chaune had a King, it thus did not exist political unit common to all. Illyriens are the first with the Greek , to settle in the Balkans and constitute immense Royaume. With the VIIe and Life century, Illyrie undergoes a strong hellenisation because of its relations with the Greeks, who founded counters there: Apollonia, Épidamne-Dyrrhachion, Lissos, Orikos and on the coast: Dalmatian, Issa, Kerkyra, Melaina, Pharos. With the IVe century one attends the formation of several Illyriens kingdoms.

The great difficulty for the knowledge of the history of Illyriens is due to the absence of text written in the Illyrienne language. All our sources are resulting from litérature Greek or Roman. Polybe (Historian and Greek political theorist, -210/-126) affirms us that the spoken language with Skodra (or Scodra, Aujourd'hui Shkodër, in Albania), at the court of King Genthios (-180/-168) was different from the Greek , but one found of it, with today, any hard copy. These texts at that time give us a sight that very partial of the life. They report especially the conflicts opposing the Greek world and Illyriens.

History

One could note that certain period Illyriens has are linked around a chief, but without much dynastic continuity. The last kingdom of Illyrie is founded in, by King Bardylis Ier (-385/-358) which unifies the country. It takes for capital Skodra. It launches out in an expansion policy and invades high the Macedonia. It imposes the payment of a tribute has its King Amyntas III (-393/-370 -369). In -385, it demolishes Kings Molosses of Épire with the assistance of Denys of Syracuse. In -360, the King of Macedonia Perdiccas III (-365/-359) is beaten and killed with 4.000 of its men. But the following years Bardylis Ier will have to fight against the new King of Macedonia Philippe II (-359/-336) and he is killed with the combat. This Illyrien kingdom is conquered definitively in -355, by Philippe II and integrated into its empire.

Bardylis Ier has a girl, Birkenna, which will be Reine of Épire, it will be one of the wives of the King of Épire Pyrrhus Ier (-3 07/-272). Of its successors: Gravos (- 358/-344), Pleuratos Ier (- 344/-335), Clitos (or Kleitos, -335/-317) one does not know almost anything. This last with the bad luck to find vis-a-vis the King of Macedonia Alexandre Large the (-336/-323) at the time of its conquests expensionnists, which seizes in -335 the Illyrienne city Pélion. After Clitos the royal title will become to Glaucias (or Glaukias, 317-303) King of the Taulantins, who will reign on a community located more at the West, in the back-country of Dyrrachion (or Durrës, second plus big city of Albania). At the end of the IIIe century, the royalty returns to the dynasty of the Ardiéens, which keeps for capital Skodra and from which the territory extends to the Montenegro and in southernmost Croatia, to the South of the Neretva. Some of these dynasties left rich person tombs, as with Trebenishte where were updated of the masks out of gold and the bronze vases of the Life century and with Selcë E Poshtme (Croatia) where were updated of ceramics, of the coins of ornament, the currencies, the tools and the weapons of IIIe century.

A province of the Romain Empire

In -229, Rome ventured for the first time at the east of the Adriatique. She declared the war with the kingdom of Illyrie which foamed the Italian coasts and plundered the commercial Romans.

The Roman République begins the conquest of this area with the catch of Dyrrachium in 229 av. J.C to put an end to piracy in this area of the Adriatic Sea and integrates part of current the Albania.

The area is one of the theaters of confrontation between Jules César and Pompée, in particular the towns of Dyrrachium, Apollonie and Oricum.

After the extension of the Roman conquest until the the Danube under Auguste, the Roman Province of Illyrie is created in 9 av. J. - C.. Into 10, this province was divided between the Pannonia and the Dalmatie and the term Illyrie fell in disuse.

See too

Internal bonds

Provinces illyriennes, provinces annexed by the First Empire French of 1806 to 1814.
the Molosses, close people
Roman Governor
late Antiquity

External bonds

Illyrie-Dalmatie, ultimate rampart of the romanity by Yann Bohec, Professor of Roman history at the university Paris Iv-Sorbonne.

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