Hyaluronic acid
The Hyaluronic acid (of the Greek hyalos = vitreous + uronic because it was initially isolated from the glazed Humeur and that it has a high rate of Uronic acid) is a Glycosaminoglycane largely distributed among the fabrics conjunctive, epithelial and nervous. It is found, for example, in the glazed Humeur and the synovial Liquide. It is one of the main components of the extracellular Matrice. It contributes to a significant degree to the proliferation and the migration of the cells. It can be implied in the progression of some Tumeur S malignant.
It is associated with a proteinic Fraction to form a Mucoprotéine.
Functions
The hyaluronic acid helps to protect the articulations by increasing the Viscosité synovial Liquide and while returning the more elastic Cartilage. in vivo , CD44. Upregulation off CD44 itself is widely accepted ace has marker off concealment activation in lymphocytes.Hyaluronan' S contribution to tumor growth may Be due to its interaction with CD44. CD44, the chief in vivo hyaluronan receptor, participates in concealment adhesion interactions required by tumor concealments. Summon off the enzymes that station-wagon down hyaluronan are known tumor suppressants; paradoxically, the Gene for hyaluronidase-2 is year Oncogene and promotes tumor growth. -->
Structure
The chemical Structure of the hyalobiuronic acid was given in the Années 1950 in the laboratory of Karl Meyer. The hyaluronic acid is a Polymère of Disaccharide S themselves composed of D-glucuronique acid and D-N-acétylglucosamine, bound between them by glycosidic connections alternate beta-1,4 and beta-1,3. The polymers of this recurring unit can have a size between 10 ² and 104 kDa In vivo .
The hyaluronic acid is stable from the energy point of view, partly because of the stereochemical aspects of disaccharides which compose it.
Synthesis
The hyaluronic acid consists of approximately 50000 dissacharidic units, it is size of a Bactérie and has an aspect of freezing.
Industrial production
The hyaluronic acid is mainly obtained, in an industrial way, by two different processes:
- Extraction of peaks of Cock, after crushing, chemical treatment and purification.
- bacterial Fermentation: the filaments of hyaluronic acid are synthesized by genetically modified bacteria.
The viscosity of freezing obtained is proportional to the length (molecular weight, expressed let us daltons some) fibers (polymer). This viscosity will determine the speed of degradation of the product after establishment
Degradation
Hyaluronidase S. In humans, there are At least seven standard off hyaluronidase-like enzymes, several off which are tumor suppressors. -->
Medical applications
The hyaluronic acid is present naturally in various fabrics of the body, like the Peau, the Cartilage. It is thus adapted to the biomedical applications aiming these fabrics. The first biomedical product containing hyaluronic acid, Healon, was developed in the years 1970 and was approved for uses in ophthalmic surgery (i.e transplantation of Cornée, cataract, Glaucome, etc)
The hyaluronic acid is also used to treat the osteoarthritis of the genou. Such treatments are managed in the form of injections in the articulation of the knee and one lends the capacity to them to increase the viscosity of the synovial liquid and to thus lubricate the articulation
For a few years, it has been used in esthetic Médecine like product of filling of wrinkles. Products containing hyaluronic acid such as Restylane (Laboratory Q-Med) or Surgiderm (Laboratory Cornéal) are used by the doctors to replace the Collagène because the hyaluronic acid reduced the risks of Allergie S and lasts longer (6 to 12 months). Moreover, its resorbability prevents any final accident.
In certain cancers, the rates of hyaluronic acid are rather well in correlation with the malignity and an unfavourable forecast. Consequently, the hyaluronic acid is often used like tumoral Marqueur for cancer of the prostate and that of the center. It can also be used to follow the evolution of the disease.
It can also be used at the time of post-operative care to support the reconstitution of fabrics, mainly after an operation of the cataract. white blood concealments, which mediate the Immune response. --> The hyaluronic acid from now on is usually used as ingredient of beauty products because of its hydrating properties. Fermavisc® OmniVision Hyal-drop® Bausch & Lomb Swiss Hylo-COMOD® Pharma Medica Hysan-baby nasal Drops Pharma Medica Ial® TRB International Chemedica Ialugen® IBSA Ostenil® TRB Chemedica SA Ostenil® mini TRB Chemedica SA Rhinogen® IBSA Suplasyn®/- Mandelevium Robapharm Viscoseal® TRB Chemedica SA Vislube®
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References
See too
- Hyaluronate of sodium
- Proxylane
External bonds
- laboratory teoxane
- Glycoforum
- Site on the treatment of the wrinkles
- Questions/answers about the treatment of the wrinkles
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