Hoplite
The hoplite (in Greek old ὁπλίτης / hoplítês , of ὅπλον / hóplon “arms”; the H French is not “not aspired”) is a heavily armed soldier, in opposition to the Gymnète (Francization of the old Greek γυμνής , gumnếs ) and with the psilós ( ψιλός ), armed slightly.
Description
A hoplite carries:
- a Helmet ( κράνος / krános )
- a Armor ( θώραξ / thốrax )
- of the Cnémide S ( κνημῖδες / knêmĩdes )
- a shield ( ἀσπίς / aspís )
- a Lance ( δόρυ / dóry )
- a sword ( ξίφος / xíphos )
The total weight of the equipment borders the 35 kg.
The hoplites constitute the heavy Infanterie Greek quoted ancient, made of Citoyen S which could not provide for the maintenance of a horse, but which had the means of being equipped with an armor and to provide the needs of their family when they were in shift.
History
The hoplites fought in phalange, formation which probably spread in all the Greece of 700 with 650 av. J. - C.. One speaks about “hoplitic revolution”. This traditional dating is based on a passage of the Policy of Aristote evoking the replacement of the combatants with horse by the hoplitic phalange. It is also based on the absence of description of combat of mass in Homère. However Iliade describes many confrontations of hoplitic nature: is it necessary to regard the passages as interpolated? It is certain that evolutions took place at that time in the armament. The armor was modified, the shield was seen associating the one second belt, allowing best taken. However, some of these improvements go back to the VIII E: thus, fall it containing the “armor from Argos” is gone back to 720.
The charts of the war, for example on the Ceramic geometrical, are not necessarily conclusive: the representation of duels also results from a convention symbolizing a whole battle like the confrontation from some. Conversely, Vase with the Warriors of Mycènes, gone back to 1120, watch of the files of heavy infantrymen armed with round and indented shields, and carrying metal and leather armours.
The passage of Aristote is thus undoubtedly more revealing of an evolution Politique intervened in the quoted of the VII E. Indeed, the incorporation of not-noble in the hoplites, and the necessary regular drive to be able to carry out operations in formation gives to the middle-class a direction cohesion which had important political consequences: the knights, Hippeis (Ἱππείς), lose their prestige and the hoplites, with the decisive role from now on in the battles, claim a larger role in the government. Since this social class takes part from now on in the defense of the city, it has the word logically when it is a question of leaving in war. Moreover, solidarity born at the time of the combat and the campaigns perdure at the time of the political debates. It also acquires it for other fields of the political life in the democratic cities .
The armor of the hoplites is spread until in Étrurie and with Rome towards the end of seventh century BC
See too
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