The history of Nauru is that of small a island of 21 km2 isolated within the central Pacifique and which forms today a independent State  : the Republic of Nauru. The events former to its Colonisation at the end of the 19th century are little known fault of written sources and in the quasi-absence of archaeological data . The posterior facts are as for them closely related to the history of its single ressource : the Phosphate.

Probably populated at the origin of Mélanésie NS and Micronesia NS, the island records one second wave of migration coming from the littorals Chinese via the Filipino in the neighborhoods of 1200 before Jesus-Christ. She is discovered by the Européens on November 8th, 1798 when the British captain John Fearn approaches the island. She is then colonized by different puissances : Germany in 1888, Australia in 1920, Japan of 1942 with 1945 then again Australia in 1947. Nauru acquires its Indépendance in 1968 then joined the United Nations in 1999. They practice also Pisciculture during hundreds of years, capturing fish-milk in the Lagon and slackening them in the Lagune Buada, a lake of the center of the island, and in a Lagune of Anabar. Pisciculture is used then as social organization between different the tribus : the exploitations are shared between the tribes with low walls, the breeding of fish is entrusted to the men who pataugent regularly in the basins to oxygenate water and to charge it in Nutriment S, the children have prohibition to disturb fish when they bathe in the water levels. After this short contact, Nauru finds its insulation during several decades.

The first Europeans to pose feet on the island and to live there are taken again justice, deserters of Baleinier S, wandering and smugglers.

The war starts in 1878 when a young chief is killed accidentally by ball during a marriage. The German postal office will close on November 8th, 1914 following the British occupation parallel to develop them also cultural considerations towards the population their religious activities. Thus the second bilingual dictionary is written by a German catholic made in the island in 1904, Alois Kayser. The third, heading German colonial Dictionary , as for him will be published by Paul Hambruch at the end of two stays passed in the island in May 1909 and from September to November 1910.

In fact, it is well the colonizing logic which allows Christianity and manners and uses Western to popularize itself at Nauruans : whereas the Christian marriage starts to supplant the Polygamie, the traditional Danse S considered to be too sexual are prohibited, the Pagne S are replaced by clothing and the body frictions with the oil of Coconut are abandoned. The Coprah extracts from the Cocotier being at the time the main resource of the Pacific Islands, the Germans try to develop Nauru by exploiting this food product.

In 1900, a geologist New Zealand, Sir Albert Ellis, working on behalf of the British company Pacific Island Company , discovers fortuitously that the island as that of Ocean Island (today Banaba) have important quantities of phosphate ore, can then start as of 1906. The trade of phosphate quickly becomes productif : the first year of exploitation: 11000 tons of phosphate are sent towards Australia.

First World War

At the beginning of the First World War, following the declaration of war of the the United Kingdom against the Germany on August 4th, 1914, Nauru undergone the same fate as the others German colonies which are attacked by the Alliés. This territory, extremely isolated and located in an area which will constitute only one minor theater of the Great War, however did not know serious confrontations, the takeover by the Australia was carried out there without one blood drops not being poured, gives up in 1920 its sovereignty on its colonies of which Nauru. The Australia then makes pressure on the Société of the Nations in order to be able to annex the island from which she covets the richnesses but the US president Woodrow Wilson is opposed to any annexation old German colonies. In 1923, the the United Kingdom, the New Zealand and Australia sign the Nauru Island Agreement by which they are committed jointly managing Nauru via an administrator based in Australia.

Two camouflaged ships travel then on Nauru and from December 7th to 8th 1940 on standby run five Vraquier S (four British and a Norwegian ) of their phosphate loading.

A task force of 300 Japanese soldiers unloads on the island on August 26th, 1942.

See also: Contenu=Pour to deepen, see [[Campaigns of the Pacific]]

Mandate of the United Nations

As at the end of the Great War, the fate of Nauru is repeated at the conclusion of the Second world war. UNO entrusts the joint management of the island in the form of a mandate to the the United Kingdom, the New Zealand and the Australia on November 1st, 1947, only the latter managing the island in the facts.

In 1948, the export of phosphate pays: 745000 Australian dollars with the British Phosphates Commissioners but of which only 2% return to the Nauruans and 1% with the administration of the island which causes the introduction of the State of emergency and of an Australian repression which shows eleven wounded and four killed among the workmen. In June 1970, Nauru nationalizes the British Phosphate Commissioners under the name of Nauru Phosphate Corporation while finishing to buy it with the Britanniques. In 1972, Nauru launches its Airline company  : Air Nauru (today Our Airline) and the possibility of buying boats to transport phosphates it to them-even to the world main markets is offered to Nauruans.

Political actions

During the Cold war, Nauru preaches a policy of Neutralité and non-alignment although associated member of the the Commonwealth since 1969  : the queen Elizabeth II is the first British sovereign to visit the island while going there in 1982 and Nauru establishes diplomatic relations with the the USSR only in 1988 like 2,5 billion Australian dollars over twenty years. This rarefaction of the phosphate reserves having been envisaged by the State nauruan, this one had invested in real estate schemes and land to ensure a once completed perennial source of revenue the country the exploitation of phosphate. Moreover, in same time, the Nauruans realize that there remains nothing any more but thirty million Australian dollars in the cases of the State instead of the eight billion envisaged. This economic crisis is reflected on the political plan with a succession of sixteen presidencies for eight presidents different between 1995 and 2007 and bargaining from its votes to the international organizations. Thus, the admission of Nauru to the the United Nations in 1999, although it cannot prevent new seizures of which the last plane of the airline company Air Nauru, one of the strongest rates in the world), by Obésité), Hyperuricémie while at the same time the share of the young people in the total population dropped because of the exodus towards Australia