Before the XXe century

• Of 17th at the 3rd century before the Christian era, this ground is occupied by tribes Sémites close to the Hebrew .

• In 312 before the Christian era, the king gréco-Egyptian, Ptolémée II, occupies Amman.
• Then, this ground is the subject of various occupations of which most recent is that of the Ottoman Empire 16th century until the beginning of the 20th century.

The First World War and the creation of Transjordanie

At the dawn of the First World War, the Ottoman Empire exerts its control on the Syria, the Palestine, the Lebanon and the Iraq. The France preserves commercial links and sentimental with Syria. When the war starts, the Ottoman Empire lines up at the sides of the Germany. When, in 1915, the troops of Jamal Pasha approach dangerously the Suez Canal, the government of London becomes aware of the highly strategic character of this position and of the interest to control the Mediterranean regions of the the Arab Middle East. It will find near the tribes Arab, eager to be released from the Othoman yoke, allied of size. In addition, a deaf fight settles between the two allied France and the United Kingdom for the control of the area. Balance of these capacities will be born Transjordanie.

1916

being pressed on the Arab nationalist feeling and the chief of the Hachémites of Mecque, Hussein of Mecque, the British will be able to develop an attack against the close relation-Eastern part of the Ottoman Empire. The British general resident in Cairo, Henry Mac Mahon, promises to the Hussein sherif creation, after the war, of an Arab State, combined of the United Kingdom, and including/understanding the Arabic peninsula, the Palestine, the Syria and the Mésopotamie.

June 10th, 1916

Beginning of the Arab Revolt, advised by the British officer Thomas Edward Lawrence and directed by the prince Fayçal ibn Hussein, a son of the Sherif Hussein.

In parallel, in London, Mark Sykes (for the United Kingdom) and François Georges-Barb (for France) signs the Accord Sykes-Barb which defines the future zones of Frenchwoman influences and British in the Middle East: France would see itself allotting Syria of North and Lebanon, while the United Kingdom would establish a protectorate on the Mésopotamie and Syria of the South.

November 2nd, 1916

the Hussein Sherif is proclaimed king of the Hedjaz and is recognized by France, the United Kingdom and Russia.

1917

In July 1917, the troops of Fayçal take again Aqaba with the Othomans. Palestine revolts and the Allenby general enters Jerusalem. In Europe, one acts in concert on the fate of Palestine. British and French are favorable to a Jewish presence in Palestine but without deciding its form. November 2nd, 1917, the declaration Balfour decides in favor of a Jewish national hearth in Palestine.

October 1st, 1918

the British troops and the Arab troops penetrate in Damas.

January 1919

Fayçal arrives to France to in vain defend near the Conference of peace the creation of the Arab State promised with his/her father. He signs in London the Accord Fayçal-Weizmann of 1919 with Chaim Weizmann, chief of the Zionists, conceding the creation of a " foyer" for the Jews - not of a State -, provided that the Arab State is born.

June 28th, 1919

Signature of the Treated of Versailles confirming the division of Franco-British influences with the the Middle East.

July 2nd, 1919

a Syrian congress rejects the Franco-British agreements and the declaration Balfour.

July 1919

a commission, installation by the president Wilson and directed by Henry Churchill King and Charles Crane, recommends the maintenance of large autonomous Lebanon and alarm on the dangers of a Jewish State in Palestine (the Zionist project presented in February 1919 envisaged a Jewish State including/understanding Palestine, Transjordanie and Lebanon).

March 7th, 1920

a Syrian congress names Fayçal king of large Syria, including Palestine and Lebanon.

March 25th, 1920

the Conférence of San Rémo confirms the Franco-British agreements. The Syrian revolt is crushed.

1921

Abdallah, another son of the Hussein sherif, becomes emir of Transjordanie; Arabia falls between the hands from the emir from Nejd, Abdel Aziz Ibn Saoud. Faycal, driven out of Damas, is installed on the throne of the Iraq.

Reign of Abdallah (1921-1951)

1925

the Transjordanie increases. Ali, another son of the Hussein sherif, joint with his brother and bring the district of Maan and Aqaba.

1928

Transjordanie is equipped with a Constitution which equips the country with a Parliament.

1939-1945

During the Second world war, Transjordanie supports the British army in its engagements in the Middle East.

May 25th, 1946

Transjordanie gains its independence, it becomes the Kingdom hachémite of Jordan and Abdallah becomes king.

Israeli-Arab War

the May 15th 1948, the United Kingdom puts an end to its mandate in Palestine, leaving Arab face-to-face discussions Juifs and of Palestine. The Arab States declare the war in the State of Israel. The Arab army is ordered by king Abdallah. January 24th, 1949, king Abdallah annexes the the West Bank and Jerusalem-Is. Semi-1949, Jordan signs a armistice with Israel. This war leads to a strong arrival of Palestinian Réfugiés in Jordan, whose population thus increases by 50%.

July 20th, 1951

king Abdallah, disapproved for his annexation of the West Bank and the agreements of armistice, is assassinated with Jerusalem.

Reign of Talal (1950-1953)

Talal, his/her son, patient, reigns only three years and abdicates in favor of his/her son Hussein, the May 2nd 1953.

Reign of king Hussein of Jordan (1953-1999)

1967: Guerre the Six Day old

Israel occupies the territory of the West Bank and Jordan accommodates a new wave of moved.

September 1970: black September

the tensions between king Hussein and PLO are such as this one decides to send the army to eliminate any trace from Palestinian resistance.

1973

War of Kippour

October 24th, 1974

Hussein gives up any claim on the West Bank and recognizes PLO like only représensant legitimate Palestinian people.

October 31st, 1988

Rupture of the administrative bonds with the the West Bank.

April 1989

Economic crisis and revolt in the south of the country.

November 1989

First free elections. Broad success of the islamist forces.

November 1993

the new elections confirm a retreat of the opposition and the islamist ones.

July 25th, 1994

Peace treaty israélo-Jordanian

February 7th, 1999

Died of the king Hussein

Reign of the king Abdallah II (1999 -)

Some time before his death, King Hussein relieves his Hassan brother, heir to the throne since 1964 and entrusts the country to his son Abdallah II of Jordan.

See too

Internal bond

• Jordan

External bond

• In Jordan, on the steps of Brace and of the Christians by Christian Marquant, Directing of the international Center of religious history (CIHR).

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