General information

The histoplasmosis is a Infectious illness Poumon caused by a Champignon called Histoplasma capsulatum . This Infection can sometimes extend to other parts of the body.

It is sometimes called disease of the cellars . It was undoubtedly at the origin of the myth of the curse of the pyramids .

Histoplasma capsulatum thrives in an moist environment at moderate temperatures. The droppings of Chicken, Pigeon, starling, blackbird and Chauve-souris maintain its growth. The Oiseau X are not infected because of the high temperature of their body, but they transport this organization in their plumage. The bats, which have a less raised body temperature, can be infected by this organization and eliminate it in their droppings.

Histoplasma capsulatum multiplies by producing small Spore S called conidies which measures only two millionth of meter (micrometers) in diameter. These spores are enough fine to infiltrate in the lungs by the Respiration and to be placed there. They can then start a Infection, which passes sometimes unperceived because its Symptôme S is very benign or even non-existent.

But histoplasmosis can also produce a grave disease which resembles the Tuberculose.

Incidence

In the areas where H. capsulatum is frequent, one finds up to 80% of cutaneous positive tests to histoplasmin in the population. The Infant S, young children, and the elderly, in particular those with chronic lung diseases, have an increased risk to catch unee serious form of the disease. The disseminated form is more frequent at the cancerous or the sidéens.

Transmission

The transmission of mushroom cannot be made human being with another human being, but only starting from micronidies to the level dejections of Chauve-souris or other birds present. Indeed these small spores once inhaled by the man are transformed into form Levure at the man (because of body temperature of 37°C) and will contaminate the intracellular compartments in particular the reticulum endothélial, they are very infecting and will be at the origin of pneumonias which one notes.

For the little story, the team of Howard Casing, at the origin of discovered sarcophagus Toutânkhamon in 1922, all were struck of a acute Pneumonie. This so much so that in 1939 it restat none members of the team. At the time one immediately believed in the curse of the mummy, nevertheless while there looking at more closely one noted that it was about the mushroom Histoplasma capsulatum at the origin of these diseases. Because the mushroom found in this tomb two criteria essential to its development and its growth which are: an intense hygroscopy and low temperatures (close to 20°C).

Symptoms

Treatment

Prevention

Note: Original The version off this article is adapted from the U.S. CDC public domain document At http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/histoplasmosis_g.htm -->

External bonds

• Canadian Center of Hygiene and Safety to Work.
• BIOLTROP.
• Vulgaris-Medical (medical Encyclopedia).

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