Hirson

Hirson is a common French, located in the department of the Aisne and the area Picardy.

Its inhabitants is called the “ Hirsonnais (be) ”.

Geography

Hirson, city sprinkled by the Oise and the Nipple, are very close to the Belgium. It is located in the " coin" The North-East of the department of Aisne but is very close to the departments of the Northern and the the Ardennes.

Hirson belongs to the Thiérache. It is located in the vicinity immediate of two large forests, the forest of Hirson and the forest of Saint-Michel.

Administration

Hirson belongs to the Third district of Aisne.

Demography

Twinnings

Hirson is twinned with the Belgian city of Marcinelle (close to Charleroi) like with the German cities of Schramberg and more recently of Königsee.

History

The important ones and the oldest vestiges discovered in the canton, those of Macquenoise and Mondrepuis, reveal the presence of two ancient camps the second is certainly of origin Celtic of the visible spur type barred on the air photographs of the site. Located at the borders of the territories of two outstanding Belgian people, the current canton of Hirson was occupied by the Bully boy described as wild by Jules César which conquered this area into 57 before J. - C., and by the Remi, combined of César.

The Bully boy populated the Département of North and the current Hainaut Belgian. The Remi occupied the current territories of Laonnois, the district of Vervins, the department of the the Ardennes and the district of Rheims. Hirson appears truly only about the 10th century. The place was announced by the existence of a strong castle, located on a rock headland at the confluence of the Oise and Gland, with the current site of the museum. Property of the lords of Own way, this castle was never occupied but by lords of the manor, officers depending on these lords.

In 945, Héresinde, wife of the lord Eilbert de Ribemont, vassal of the count count de Vermandois Albert Ier the Piles († 943) founds with Saint-Michel a hermitage for monks Scot or Irish come from the Saint-Vincent abbey of Laon. Thereafter, these monks adopted the rule bénédictine.

Another abbey, that one of regular canons about the Prémontrés, was founded in 1147 with Bucilly, in the south of Hirson. These regular canons or priest-monks (whereas the other monks were not priests for the majority) served the cures of many villages neighborhood.

At the 12th century, these two abbeys thrived. The chorus and the transept of the abbey church Saint-Michel were rebuilt about 1150, such as they always exist. The abbey church of Braine, close to Soissons, imitated the style of that of Saint-Michel, in particular for the two pairs of absidioles posed obliquely compared to the chorus and with the apse, like for the large pink with ray of the northern brace.

At that time, of the charters of franknesses were granted by lords of Guise to Hirson in 1156 and Mondrepuis in 1170.

These two charters enumerate the royalties of the inhabitants towards their lord, like their rights and their duties. For the remainder, the charter of Hirson resembles a code of criminal law. That of Mondrepuis is more curious, because Mondrepuis belonged to the abbey of Bucilly under the suzerainty of the lords of Guise. The charter was thus granted by these two lords. In addition, the charter of Mondrepuis initiated the creation of village in a clearing between the wood of Hirson and Fourmies. The monks of Bucilly wanted to attract farmers there to clear the close forests.

Hirson and the abbeys of Saint-Michel and Bucilly suffered much from the Guerre One hundred Year old, from the France and the Spain at the 16th century and, finally, from the Guerre Thirty Year old.

The plague accompanied several times the wars, in particular in the middle of the 14th century and in 1580 when it decimated the population. The castle of Hirson was especially besieged by the Spaniards in July - August 1636 and in 1650. At the time of this last seat, it was almost entirely destroyed and it was not rebuilt.

The nave and the Western frontage of the abbey church of Saint-Michel were rebuilt by the Abbé of Mornat after the Paix of Vervins in 1598.

The abbey of Saint-Michel was reformed in 1661 by the congregation bénédictine of Prémontré of the Antique Rigor.

After a fire in 1715, the abbey buildings of Saint-Michel were rebuilt in their turn. Those of Bucilly were it about the middle of this century.

Hirson was the seat of a gruery depending on the control seigneuriale of National Forestry Commission of Guise. The prévôté ducal one of Hirson ressortissait by call to the baillage seigneurial of Aubenton. Lastly, one subdelegated of the intendant of Soissons remained in Hirson. Although much more, subdelegated was the equivalent of the current sub-prefects.

About 1750, the main road was built which became the R.N. 39 connecting Arras and Cambric to Charleville-Mézières. In 1763, a fire destroyed almost all the city. The inhabitants rebuilt Hirson, partly, by using the ruins of the castle which was, thus, completely shaven.

There were 450 fires, that is to say 1.800 inhabitants approximately the day before the French revolution.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Hirson counted already several forging mills and tinplate industries of which that of the Not-Bayard. Nail factories were installed in all the canton.

With Saint-Michel was established the Forge of Sougland. Quite former to 1800, the existence of the metallurgy went back to the Moyen-âge. It was dispersed, then, in a great number of small forging mills using the wood of the forest and, even with the origin, the local iron ore. During the War of the league of Augsburg in 1689-1697, these forging mills provided many artillery ammunition.

In the old abbey of Saint-Michel, a glassmaking had been installed under the French revolution and, under the Empire, a cotton-spinning, then at the end of the 19th century, a factory of shoes, where worked of orphan directed by sisters. Also, the day before the opening of the railway in 1870, Hirson counted already 3.278 inhabitants and Saint-Michel, 3.190. During the second world war the railway center with the hands of German was rammed by English aviation. There remains about it the tower florentine and the rotunda. In the year 2006, Hirson counts 10.000 inhabitants.

Transport

Rail

Hirson was the crossroads between 2 railway areas, Is and North, and knew an important transit between these two areas, one mining and the other metallurgical one.

Station left the lines:

Anor in double electrified track
Charleville-Mézières via Auvillers (ways deposited)
Charleville-Mézières in double electrified track
Laon in diesel single track
Own way (ways deposited)
Busigny (ways deposited)

At present, Hirson still has a important station. This one is served at the same time by the FOR THE THIRD TIME Picardy (relations towards Laon in 1:00 approximately, then correspondences for Paris, Amiens, Rheims…) and by the FOR THE THIRD TIME Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Hirson being the terminus of the majority of the trains of the line Lille-Flandres - Valencian - Aulnoye-Aymeries - Hirson- Charleville-Mézières (putting Lille at approximately 2:00, Valencian 1:15 of many times per day, and Charleville-Mézières at 45 minutes a little less frequently). Until December 2003, Hirson was still served by certain direct trains Corail Lille Strasbourg via Charleville and Metz. These trains were removed in 2004.

Hirson has a second stagnation point the SNCF, the Gare of Hirson-Schools, built to serve the College Joliot-Curie. The stagnation point is served for the school period at the hours of entry and exit of course by trains Laon- Fourmies.

Route

Hirson is located on the layout of RN 43 (originally RN 39). Since its tranfert in the departmental roadway system, it was displaced in RD 1043 (for the axonaise part). It should be noted that since the opening of the by-pass Hirson by the South, the part of the RN 43 correspondent to the crossing of the commune had been displaced in communal roadway system. The RN 43 fact of Hirson a point of passage between Cambric and Charleville-Mézières.

Hirson is also located on the RD 963 which leads to Vervins where it joined the RN2 which lead to Laon, Soissons and Paris, and the RD 1050, which leads to the Belgian border (Macquenoise) then is prolonged on the Belgian territory towards Chimay and Charleroi.

Teaching

Higher education

The college Joliot-Curie prepares several BTS:

Negotiation and Client relationship
Assistant of management of SME and SME

Secondary education

Colleges:

College Joliot-Curie (called " Bleu" college; because of the color of the building)

Colleges:

College Georges Cobast
private College of the Child-Jesus

Primary school education

See too

Common of Aisne

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