The Landgraviat, then the Hesse-Electoral electorate of Hesse-Cassel or was old a landgarviat Germanic Roman Holy roman Empire, then a State of the Germanic Confédération.
Its capital was Cassel and it was limited by:
- in north by the Prussian government of Minden and the Hanover,
- in the east by the Prussian government of Erfurt, the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar,
- in south-east by the Bavaria,
- in south-west by the Grand Duchy of Hesse - Darmstadt,
- in the west by the principality of Waldeck
This State was divided into four provinces:
- the High-Hesse , chief town Cassel
- the Low-Hesse , chief town Marbourg
- the Grand Duchy of Fulde, chief town Fulde
- the Principality of Hanau, chief town Hanau
The Fulde, the Werra, the Mein, the Lahn and the Diemel are the principal rivers which sprinkled it.
The electorate had 3 votes in the general meetings of the diet.
History
Henri Ier, known as the Child, first landgrave of Hesse (1263), was the son of a Duc of the Brabant and of a girl of the landgrave of Thuringe. He was declared prince of empire by the emperor Adolphe de Nassau in 1292, and establishes his residence with Cassel.
Its descendants reigned initially on all the Hesse until Philippe Magnanime, which, while dying in 1567, shared its fields between its four sons: the elder one, Guillaume IV of Hesse, known as the Wise one, had Cassel and half of all the heritage: it is him which is the founder of the house of Hesse-Cassel. It increased its fields, and died in 1592.
Maurice Enlightened the, his successor, lost Marbourg, and was forced by his/her son Guillaume V of Hesse to abdicate in 1627. Guillaume links himself with the France and the Sweden during the Guerre Thirty Year old, and left while dying in 1637 a minor son under the supervision of his widow. This one controlled with wisdom, and acquired the abbey of Hersfeld and part of the county of Schaueobourg.
One of its descendants, Frederic de Hesse-Cassel, married Ulrique Éléonore of Sweden, sister and heiress of Charles XII, and occupied the throne of Sweden (1720-1751).
In 1801, Guillaume IX of Hesse lost Saint-Goar and Rheinfels by the Traité of Lunéville. Eo 1803, it accepted the title of Électeur, under the name of Guillaume {{Ier}}. Doubtful ally of Napoleon i, it saw his States invaded in 1806: they were divided between the Westphalia and the Grand-duché of Frankfurt. It recovered them in 1813 and 1814, and kept the title of Voter, though this title was without object, the more not existing Holy roman Empire.
It had as a successor in 1821, his son Guillaume II of Hesse, whose bad administration gave rise to frequent disorders, and who lives himself forced into 1831 to give a liberal constitution.
Under Frederic-Guillaume Ier de Hesse, which succeeded to him in 1847, burst of new disorders: it temporarily alleviated them by granting reforms (1849), which it was not long in retracting (1852).
Hesse Electoral, was annexed to the Prussia in 1866, to form the district of Cassel there.
See too
- List of the sovereigns of Hesse-Cassel
Source
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