Hermann Göring

Hermann Wilhelm Göring (January 12th 1893, Rosenheim - October 15th 1946, Nuremberg) is a Aviateur and a German Politician , famous for its leading role in the government of the Germany Nazi E.

Youths

Hermann Göring was born with Rosenheim in Bavaria the January 12th 1893 from Heinrich Ernst Göring and Franziska Tiefenbrunn. The family was not Rosenheim. Ernst Heinrich Göring state lawyer, Bismarck had appointed it first police chief of Reich in Africa of South-west, load which he will exert of 1885 to 1888. Göring has two brothers, Karl Ernst and Albert, and two sisters: Olga Therese Sophie and Paula Elisabeth Rosa.

As from 1901, Hermann Göring lives with his mother and his four brothers and sisters on the grounds of his godfather Hermann von Epenstein, a man of Jewish origin. It is at Epenstein, in the Château Veldenstein, that Göring will pass most of its childhood. Often separated from his parents, he is educated at the school of Ansbach and Fürth. In 1912, it is dispatched at the School of the Juniors by Karlsruhe, then reaches the Military academy the Largeone, close to Berlin. When it leaves the school, it joined the 12th regiment of infantry of Bade " Prinz Wilhelm" with Mulhouse.

The First World War

In 1914, Göring is sent in the the Vosges with a section of infantry as a lieutenant; moisture and the cold embank it by a crisis of rheumatism which affects the articulations of the legs. Largely humiliated, it lodges a request for transfer for aviation.

In 1915, it carries out its training close to Sedan to the Feldfliegerabteilung 25; it will be used as air observer at the time of the Bataille of Verdun. In reward for its excellent work, it receives the Croix of iron of first class ( Eiserne Kreuz Erster Klasse ).

November 16th, 1915, it reconsiders the face as a pilot and obtains his 1st victory; it flies with Manfred von Richthofen, celebrates it red Baron.

July 8th 1918, it becomes the last one ordering of the squadron of hunting of Richthofen ( Jagdgeschwader 1) and finishes the war as ace, with 22 shot down planes confirmed, which is worth to him the medal of the Ordre “For the Merit” and that of the iron Cross, thus carrying out its greater ambition.

Its rank, its decorations and its qualities of aviator, here all that it withdrew four years of service for the German cause. But neither the row, nor the medals, represented a sufficient luggage in Germany of the time.

Post-war period and engagement in the Nazism

In 1919, it thus decides to go to Denmark, then to Sweden to be able to continue to control. It is in Sweden which it meets his first wife Carin Freifrau von Kantzow that it will marry in February 1923 with Munich.

Hermann Göring militated in several organizations of right-hand side, like in philosophical and political associations like the Ordre of Thulé.

In autumn 1921, Göring turns over to Germany and frequent of the courses of political sciences to the university of Munich, course which it does not finish. Impatient of launching a challenge to the Treated of Versailles and avenging overcome Germany, ambitious Göring adheres to NSDAP ( Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei ), becoming one of the principal collaborators of Hitler, which entrusts to him the command of SA in December 1922 ( Sturmabteilung ), the brown shirts. The meeting with the Führer completely will transform Göring.

November 9th 1923, at the time of the Putsch of the brewery lacked Munich, it is seriously wounded with the leg at the time of the shooting between Nazis and police force. It is taken along in the court of number 25 of Residenzstraße where it is collected by Robert Ballin, Jewish owner. Göring saved them thereafter at the time of the deportations. It has then recourse to the Morphine and becomes dependant on this substance. A mandate of arrest is launched against him and it takes refuge in Austria. It remains several weeks in a private clinic of Innsbruck, gains then Italy where it meets Mussolini, then Sweden where there will remain four years. The old ace is let go - it becomes obese and turned sour, the pains of its wound did not leave him any respite, except when morphine made him forget it. The insatiable need for drug takes root in him firmly; the madness watches for it and it will be even interned in September 1925.

In autumn 1927, the amnesty pronounced by Hindenburg enables him to turn over to Germany where it will help Adolf Hitler to conquer the capacity. By its personal contact with industry, it collects funds to subsidize Nazi party NSDAP. In 1928, it will be one of the first twelve deputies Nazis with the Reichstag.

Political career

In 1932, he becomes president of the Reichstag. The night from February 27th to 28th 1933, the Reichstag is set fire to by a Dutch militant, Marinus Van der Lubbe; according to the anti-nazis of Germany and Europe, all the tracks go back to Göring as organizer of the plot, although no formal evidence can be advanced, following the wave of assassinations which followed this event. If Göring sometimes were praised in deprived to be the person in charge of the fire, to believe Hermann Rauschning of it, the current historians such Ian Kershaw think that it is his fanfaronnades usual, and that the Nazis exploited the Incendie of the Reichstag by one unbalanced without to have organized it themselves.

Minister of Interior Department for Prussia in the first government Hitler the January 30th 1933 (one of the two only ministers Nazis then with Wilhelm Frick), Göring opens the valves of violence by unchaining SA against the opponents, before as after enigmatic the Incendie of the Reichstag. He helps with the opening of the first Concentration camps and creates the Gestapa , political police in Prussia, ancestor of the Gestapo for which he yields the responsibility to Himmler in 1934.

In 1933, Göring becomes also Ministre for the Air ( Reichsluftfahrtminister ). In June 1934, it directs with the S the raid and the massacre of SA at the time of the night of the long knives.

It is named in 1935 commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe within the ministry for the air ( Reichsluftfahrtministerium ). It supports in Spain the general Franco by the sending of the Légion Condor sadly celebrates from the bombardment on Guernica (1937), the first of the history.

As of 1936, it economically prepares Germany with the war in the capacity as person in charge of the Plan Four Years ( Vierjahresplan ) and becomes the person in charge of the Autarcie and economic state intervention. In 1937, it founds the Reichswerke Hermann-Göring; this trust will include/understand for example 228 iron and steel sites and will be in 1944 the largest firm iron and steel in Europe, and the vastest state enterprise of the world. As of 1938 - 1939, Göring with this intention organizes the seizure on strategic industries of the annexed countries (Austria, Czechoslovakia), prelude to the setting out of cut regulated of the conquered countries.

Credit in the “Jewish questions”, Göring plays a very important part in persecutions Antisémite S and in particular in the Aryanisation (spoliation) of the Jewish goods, accelerated in 1938 - 1939. After the Night of crystal organized by Goebbels (November 9th 1938), he endeavors not to be in remainder and cynically imposes an exorbitant fine of a billion marks to the Jews for the " désordres" and property damages of the Pogrom. He encourages their forced emigration. It is on its initiative that the first concentration camps are created. It missionne Heydrich by an order of July 31st, 1941 to take all the necessary measures with the installation of the Final solution and to work with a project. It is named with the rank of Feldmarschall following the Affaire Blomberg-Fritsch. In 1938, it negotiates together with England, France, Hungary, Italy and Poland the Anschluss with Austria.

The Second world war

In 1940, Göring becomes Reichsmarschall of Großdeutschen Reiches , title which it is the only one to have. It is the only one during the Second world war to receive Large the Cross about the Croix of iron ( Grosskreuz ), one of the highest German distinctions, than had seen themselves decreeing only chiefs of the prestige of Blücher or Hindenburg. He is always supreme leader of the aviation and the saving in war. At the entry in war, he is the designated successor of Hitler. It is called the Man of iron and he enjoys a very large popularity in the German population.

Paradoxically, Hermann Göring was opposed to the war, which he considered too risky as long as England remained in string. However, when Hitler makes the madness to sacrifice the hunters to the bombers, the old driver of hunting does not make any objection: in fact, he did not dare to be opposed face to his chief. In 1941, after its failure in the Battle of England which frontally opposes the Luftwaffe to English hunting, the Marshal of Large Reich remains some time in the shade.

One day, he declares in an interview that no enemy bomber can even hope to cross the border of Reich: “If only one enemy bomb falls on the German ground, I want to be well called Meier” (German equivalent to eat its hat ). A few months later, from the American and British bombs will rain on Large Reich. Even the Berliners, who will not call it any more but " Hermann Meier" by irony, however did not withdraw their sympathy with this high character colors and fanfaron of which they are unaware of or neglect the criminal acts, so much so that Hitler, conscious of the popularity of Göring within the German population, will take care not to never publicly disgrace it in spite of its increasing irritation towards its repeated failures.

July 31st, 1941, Göring charges Reinhard Heydrich, chief of the safety of Reich, to take all the necessary measures with a “comprehensive solution of the Jewish Question”, it is the passage to the deportation and the massive elimination of the Jews in the occupied European countries: yellow star, death camps (see Conference of Wannsee).

In January 1943, it is still praised by ensuring Hitler that its Luftwaffe can continue to supply by the way of the airs the army besieged in Stalingrad; its error of judgment will have disastrous consequences for Germany. Milked Göring of cowardice and incapacity generals and “heroes of the Battle of England”; several officers then will revolt against that whom they call the “bouffi” and will ask for its disgrace.

However, even at this time where all that surrounded it starts to crack, the Reichsjägermeister (large huntsman of the Empire!) continuous with living in its personal universe, devoting itself to hunting; like “large art lover of the Rebirth”, especially fascinated paintings of Lucas Cranach, it plunders the artistic treasures of the occupied territories of Western Europe. It is also, at least until in 1942-1943, one of the essential organizers of the economic plundering of the occupied countries, and the forced transfer of civil workers in Reich; the gauleiter Fritz Sauckel, " slave trader of Europe" , is subordinated to him by name as from 1942.

The April 25th 1945, Göring definitively will be repudiated, and even condemned to dead like his wife and her daughter (whose Hitler was the godfather) by her Führer after having tried to seize the power whereas this one had been locked up in its bunker in besieged Berlin. Hitler makes him nevertheless thanks to seen its services passed, and is satisfied to make it assign with residence by the S. In its will, on April 30th, Führer excludes Göring from the NSDAP like Himmler, before committing suicide. A few days later, in Bavaria, Göring goes to the Americans.

The lawsuit of Nuremberg

The May 21st 1945, it is interned in the American camp with Mondorf-the-Baths: this heavy man of 140 kilos is then almost impotent and lost part of his intellectual faculties according to testimonys of the doctor of the prison. Indeed, when it was wounded at the time of the missed putsch, it absorbed massive amounts of Morphine, powerful Opiacé, well-known for its antalgic virtues and anesthetic. However, it proved that it became dependant with this substance, dependence which he will keep until his arrival with the prison where he will be separated. By this weaning it lost most of its ponderal overload and found all its faculties. He affirmed his ascending on his fellows-prisoner and presented himself to the bar like more the high ranking official Nazi after Hitler, assuming the acts of IIIe Reich.

During the Lawsuit of Nuremberg, like Göring controls the English language, it makes rectify the bad translations during the interrogation and destabilizes the American prosecutor Jackson, in particular while launching out in speeches - rivers in answers to the questions raised by this last. More patient and more concrete, the British prosecutor, Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe, have more success in his cross-examination (March 21st): this last referred to the summary execution of 50 prisoners of Royal Air Force, directly tackling its honor of soldier who held to him very in heart. Göring is condemned to died for concerted plan or plot, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity.

The October 15th 1946, to escape humiliation from the Pendaison (after having asked to be shot, which was refused to him), Hermann Göring poisons himself in his cell using a capsule of Cyanure, probably provided by a guard American.

Its body was incinerated and its ashes dispersed in the Isar, an affluent of the Danube.

Anecdote

Albert Göring, the younger brother of Hermann, rejected all the ideology Nazi and, using of the influence of his/her brother, made it possible many dissidents to escape the mode. Its acts of resistance never were publicly recognized. According to another version (found in the files of the KGB and quoted in the book of Julian Semenov 17 moments of spring ), Albert used his position of younger brother of Hermann, but with an aim of releasing people whom it found sympathetic nerves. Once, it sent a request for release to a chief of concentration camp, by signing right “Göring”. By fear, the chief of camp made leave a friend Albert and also a German dissident who had the same names. That caused an enormous scandal and the S opened an investigation. The older brother (Hermann) had to use of all his capacity to make release Albert.
Hermann Göring is one of the principal characters of the series of Science-fiction the River of eternity of Philip Jose Farmer.

Quotations

“Since the Jews are burned, they will not be able to benefit any more from their tables, to have them at home as much. ”
“I am what I was since always, the last man of the Rebirth. ”

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