A herbivorous is, in the field of the Zoologie, a Animal (Mammifère, Insecte, Poisson…) which is nourished exclusively or almost alive Plante S and not of flesh, of Excrément S, of Champignon S or Nécromasse.
Le larger herbivore terrestrial is the Girafe, heaviest is the elephant. In the past and in particular with the Jurassic , very large Dinosaure S herbivores existed.
Definition to be moderated
In the natural environment, almost all the herbivores also eat in fact - voluntarily or not - animal matter, in the form of egg S and of small animals (Limace S, snails, Puceron S and others Insecte S) as well as Champignon S, even of the significant quantities of ground.
Moreover, many animals are herbivorous only at certain seasons (the titmouse) or at one stage of their life, generally that of Larve;
For example, the caterpillars défoliatrices give rise to butterflies Pollinisateur S nourishing Pollen and of Nectar; At the Amphibian S, the larva is often herbivorous (although likely to eat animal bacteria and corpses when the plant misses)
Remark : Certain ants are " défoliatrices" , but only the mushrooms consume which they cultivate on the cut sheets brought back in the anthill. they are not herbivorous.
Digestive system
The digestive system of the herbivores, like their intestinal and digestive flora often strongly differ from those of the carnivores. For example, one distinguishes at the Mammifère S, two great groups of herbivores:-
the herbivores Monogastric S , i.e. of which the Estomac is made up only of only one pocket, in which takes place a Digestion (chemical and enzymatic). It is the case in particular équidé S, Rongeur S and Porcin S (omnivores).
-
the polygastric herbivores , or Ruminantia , whose stomach (known as rumen or bandages) is preceded by three pockets;
In each of the two groups one finds Ruminant S; Those develop best vegetable foods thanks to the Rumination and with a microbial Digestion which takes place in the Panse.
subcategories of herbivores
Certain herbivores can be frugivorous subclasses in- , which eat only Fruit S,
- folivores , which eats only Feuille S.
- lignivores , which consume wood
Adaptation of the modes
The mode of the herbivores can strongly vary from a Saison with the other, particularly in the moderate zones, according to the vegetation available according to the periods of the year.
See too
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